| DB00241 | Butalbital | Indicated for the management of the symptom complex of tension (or muscle contraction) headache, when other non-opioid analgesics and alternative treatments are inadequate, in various combinations with acetaminophen, aspirin, caffeine, and codeine [FDA Label]. |
| DB00186 | Lorazepam | Lorazepam is FDA-approved for the short-term relief of anxiety symptoms related to anxiety disorders and anxiety associated with depressive symptoms such as anxiety-associated insomnia. It is as well used as an anesthesia premedication in adults to relieve anxiety or to produce sedation/amnesia and for the treatment of status epilepticus.[T385]
Some off-label indications of lorazepam include rapid tranquilization of an agitated patient, alcohol withdrawal delirium, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, panic disorder, delirium, chemotherapy-associated anticipatory nausea and vomiting, and psychogenic catatonia.[T385] |
| DB00189 | Ethchlorvynol | Used for short-term hypnotic therapy in the management of insomnia for periods of up to one week in duration; however, this medication generally has been replaced by other sedative-hypnotic agents. |
| DB00246 | Ziprasidone | In it's oral form, ziprasidone is approved for the treatment of Schizophrenia and Bipolar I disorder while the injectable formulation is approved for treatment of acute agitation in schizophrenia. |
| DB00306 | Talbutal | For use as a sedative and hypnotic. |
| DB00312 | Pentobarbital | For the short-term treatment of insomnia. |
| DB00334 | Olanzapine | Olanzapine was initially used orally and intramuscularly for the chronic treatment of schizophrenia in patients over 13 years old and other psychiatric disorders such as bipolar I disorder including mixed or manic episodes.[A177014]
Olanzapine is also indicated, in combination with lithium or valproate for the short-term treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults.[FDA label]
As well, olanzapine is indicated, in combination with fluoxetine for the treatment of episodes of depression associated with bipolar disorder type 1 and treatment-resistant depression in patients over 10 years old.[A177014]
Olanzapine is also approved for the management of psychomotor agitation associated with schizophrenia and bipolar I mania.[FDA label]
Schizophrenia is a complex biochemical brain disorder that affects the person's ability to differentiate reality. It is usually observed as the presence of delusions, hallucinations, social withdrawal and disturbed thinking.[L5936]
Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition defined by periods of extreme mood disturbances. It is categorized in different types from which type 1 is known to involve episodes of severe mania and often depression while type 2 presents less severe forms of mania.[L5939] |
| DB00349 | Clobazam | For treatment and management of epilepsy and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, a difficult-to-treat form of childhood epilepsy. |
| DB00363 | Clozapine | For use in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. |
| DB00371 | Meprobamate | For the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. |
| DB00391 | Sulpiride | Sulpiride is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. |
| DB00402 | Eszopiclone | For the treatment of insomnia |
| DB00404 | Alprazolam | Alprazolam is indicated for the management of anxiety disorder, anxiety associated with depression, panic disorder, and panic disorder with agoraphobia.[Label] Alprazolam may also be prescribed off label for insomnia, premenstrual syndrome, and depression.[A177973] |
| DB00408 | Loxapine | For the management of the manifestations of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia |
| DB00409 | Remoxipride | Remoxipride is an atypical antipsychotic once used for the treatment of schizophrenia. |
| DB00418 | Secobarbital | For the Short-term treatment of intractable insomnia for patients habituated to barbiturates |
| DB00420 | Promazine | Used as an adjunct for short term treatment of moderate and severe psychomotor agitation. Also used to treat agitation or restlessness in the elderly. |
| DB00425 | Zolpidem | This drug is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia in adults characterized by difficulties with sleep initiation [FDA label]. |
| DB00433 | Prochlorperazine | For the symptomatic management of psychotic disorders, short term management of nonpsychotic anxiety in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, and for the control of severe nausea and vomiting of various causes. |
| DB00450 | Droperidol | Droperidol is ssed to produce tranquilization and to reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting in surgical and diagnostic procedures. |
| DB00474 | Methohexital | Methohexital is indicated for use as an intravenous anaesthetic. It has also been commonly used to induce deep sedation. |
| DB00475 | Chlordiazepoxide | For the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety, withdrawal symptoms of acute alcoholism, and preoperative apprehension and anxiety. |
| DB00477 | Chlorpromazine | For the treatment of schizophrenia; to control nausea and vomiting; for relief of restlessness and apprehension before surgery; for acute intermittent porphyria; as an adjunct in the treatment of tetanus; to control the manifestations of the manic type of manic-depressive illness; for relief of intractable hiccups; for the treatment of severe behavioral problems in children (1 to 12 years of age) marked by combativeness and/or explosive hyperexcitable behavior (out of proportion to immediate provocations), and in the short-term treatment of hyperactive children who show excessive motor activity with accompanying conduct disorders consisting of some or all of the following symptoms: impulsivity, difficulty sustaining attention, aggressivity, mood lability, and poor frustration tolerance. |
| DB00490 | Buspirone | For the management of anxiety disorders or the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety, and also as an augmention of SSRI-treatment against depression. |
| DB00502 | Haloperidol | For the treatment of schizophrenia [L2016]
For the treatment of acute psychosis in acutely agitated schizophrenic patients with moderately severe to very severe symptoms [L2016]
For the treatment of severe behavioral or psychological symptoms of dementia [L2016]
For the treatment of delirium in the pediatric intensive care unit [L2016]
For the treatment of agitation or delirium [L2016]
For agitation† or delirium in adult patients with no underlying psychiatric illness [L2016]
For use as a second-line agent for rescue treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting [L2016]
For the treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder [L2016]
For the treatment of tics and vocal utterances associated with Tourette's syndrome [L2016]
For the treatment of severe behavioral problems associated with oppositional defiant disorder or other disruptive behavioral disorders, or for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in pediatric patients who show excessive motor activity with accompanying conduct disorders [L2016] |
| DB00508 | Triflupromazine | Used mainly in the management of psychoses. Also used to control nausea and vomiting. |
| DB00546 | Adinazolam | For the treatment of anxiety and status epilepticus. |
| DB00557 | Hydroxyzine | For symptomatic relief of anxiety and tension associated with psychoneurosis and as an adjunct in organic disease states in which anxiety is manifested. Useful in the management of pruritus due to allergic conditions such as chronic urticaria. |
| DB00599 | Thiopental | For use as the sole anesthetic agent for brief (15 minute) procedures, for induction of anesthesia prior to administration of other anesthetic agents, to supplement regional anesthesia, to provide hypnosis during balanced anesthesia with other agents for analgesia or muscle relaxation, for the control of convulsive states during or following inhalation anesthesia or local anesthesia, in neurosurgical patients with increased intracranial pressure, and for narcoanalysis and narcosynthesis in psychiatric disorders. |
| DB00623 | Fluphenazine | For management of manifestations of psychotic disorders. |
| DB00633 | Dexmedetomidine | For sedation of initially intubated and mechanically ventilated patients during treatment in an intensive care setting, also used in pain relief; anxiety reduction and analgesia |
| DB00679 | Thioridazine | For the treatment of schizophrenia and generalized anxiety disorder. |
| DB00683 | Midazolam | **Intravenous**
Indicated for promoting preoperative sedation, anxiolysis, anesthesia induction, or amnesia.[F2434]
**Intramuscular**
Indicated for the treatment of status epilepticus in adults.[FDA label]
**Nasal**
Indicated for the acute treatment of intermittent, stereotypic episodes of frequent seizure activity (i.e., seizure clusters, acute repetitive seizures) that are distinct from a patient’s usual seizure pattern in patients with epilepsy 12 years of age and older.[L6559] |
| DB00690 | Flurazepam | For short-term and intermittent use in patients with recurring insomnia and poor sleeping habits |
| DB00734 | Risperidone | Risperidone belongs to the class of medications known as second generation atypical antipsychotics [A1114, A1115, L1213]. It is widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and mood disorders, including bipolar disorder and depression with pyschosis [A1115, A1116, L1212, L1213]. |
| DB00777 | Propiomazine | Propiomazine is largely used for its antihistamininc sleep inducing effects in treating insomnia. |
| DB00794 | Primidone | Primidone is commonly indicated for the management of grand mal, psychomotor, and focal epileptic seizures [L4645, FDA Label]. In addition, it has also been studied and utilized as an effective management of essential tremor [A39414, A39415, L4645]. |
| DB00801 | Halazepam | Used to relieve anxiety, nervousness, and tension associated with anxiety disorders. |
| DB00829 | Diazepam | In general, diazepam is useful in the symptomatic management of mild to moderate degrees of anxiety in conditions dominated by tension, excitation, agitation, fear, or aggressiveness such as may occur in psychoneurosis, anxiety reactions due to stress conditions, and anxiety states with somatic expression [F3160].
Moreover, in acute alcoholic withdrawal, diazepam may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, and impending acute delirium tremens [F3160].
Furthermore, diazepam is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathologies, such as inflammation of the muscle and joints or secondary to trauma; spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders, such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia; athetosis and the rare "stiff man syndrome" [F3160].
Particular label information from the United Kingdom also lists particular age-specific indications, including for adults: (1) The short-term relief (2-4 weeks) only, of anxiety which is severe, disabling, or subjecting the individual to unacceptable distress, occurring alone or in association with insomnia or short-term psychosomatic, organic or psychotic illness, (2) cerebral palsy, (3) muscle spasm, (4) as an adjunct to certain types of epilepsy (eg. myoclonus), (5) symptomatic treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal, (6) as oral premedication for the nervous dental patient, and (7) for premedication before surgery [L5188].
In the same UK label information, diazepam is indicated in children for: (1) control of tension and irritability in cerebral spasticity in selected cases, (2) as an adjunct to the control of muscle spasm in tetanus, and for (3) oral premedication [L5188]. |
| DB00831 | Trifluoperazine | For the treatment of anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms secondary to anxiety and agitation. |
| DB00842 | Oxazepam | For the treatment of anxiety disorders and alcohol withdrawal. |
| DB00849 | Methylphenobarbital | For the relief of anxiety, tension, and apprehension, also used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of epilepsy. |
| DB00850 | Perphenazine | For use in the management of the manifestations of psychotic disorders and for the control of severe nausea and vomiting in adults. |
| DB00875 | Flupentixol | For use in the treatment of schizophrenia and depression |
| DB00897 | Triazolam | For the short-term treatment of insomnia. |
| DB00933 | Mesoridazine | Used in the treatment of schizophrenia, organic brain disorders, alcoholism and psychoneuroses. |
| DB00962 | Zaleplon | For the treatment of short-term treatment of insomnia in adults. |
| DB00980 | Ramelteon | For the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty with sleep onset. |
| DB01063 | Acetophenazine | For the treatment of disorganized and psychotic thinking. Also used to help treat false perceptions (e.g. hallucinations or delusions.) |
| DB01065 | Melatonin | Used orally for jet lag, insomnia, shift-work disorder, circadian rhythm disorders in the blind (evidence for efficacy), and benzodiazepine and nicotine withdrawal. Evidence indicates that melatonin is likely effective for treating circadian rhythm sleep disorders in blind children and adults. It has received FDA orphan drug status as an oral medication for this use. A number of studies have shown that melatonin may be effective for treating sleep-wake cycle disturbances in children and adolescents with mental retardation, autism, and other central nervous system disorders. It appears to decrease the time to fall asleep in children with developmental disabilities, such as cerebral palsy, autism, and mental retardation. It may also improve secondary insomnia associated with various sleep-wake cycle disturbances. Other possible uses for which there is some evidence for include: benzodiazepine withdrawal, cluster headache, delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), primary insomnia, jet lag, nicotine withdrawal, preoperative anxiety and sedation, prostate cancer, solid tumors (when combined with IL-2 therapy in certain cancers), sunburn prevention (topical use), tardive dyskinesia, thrombocytopenia associated with cancer, chemotherapy and other disorders. |
| DB01100 | Pimozide | Used for the suppression of motor and phonic tics in patients with Tourette's Disorder who have failed to respond satisfactorily to standard treatment. |
| DB01107 | Methyprylon | For the treatment of insomnia. |
| DB01154 | Thiamylal | Used for the production of complete anaesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anaesthesia, and for inducing a hypnotic state. |
| DB01174 | Phenobarbital | For the treatment of all types of seizures except absence seizures. |
| DB01198 | Zopiclone | For the short-term treatment of insomnia. |
| DB01215 | Estazolam | For the short-term management of insomnia characterized by difficulty in falling asleep, frequent nocturnal awakenings, and/or early morning awakenings. |
| DB01224 | Quetiapine | For the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. |
| DB01238 | Aripiprazole | Aripiprazole is indicated for manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder, irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder, treatment of schizophrenia, treatment of Tourette's disorder, and as an adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder[Label]. An injectable formulation of aripiprazole is indicated for agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar mania[Label]. |
| DB01239 | Chlorprothixene | For treatment of psychotic disorders (e.g. schizophrenia) and of acute mania occuring as part of bipolar disorders. |
| DB01267 | Paliperidone | For the treatment of schizophrenia. |
| DB01351 | Amobarbital | Not Available |
| DB01352 | Aprobarbital | Not Available |
| DB01353 | Butobarbital | For the treatment of insomnia. |
| DB01354 | Heptabarbital | Used mainly for sedation and hypnosis. |
| DB01355 | Hexobarbital | For the induction of anesthesia prior to the use of other general anesthetic agents and for induction of anesthesia for short surgical, diagnostic, or therapeutic procedures associated with minimal painful stimuli. |
| DB01403 | Methotrimeprazine | For the treatment of psychosis, particular those of schizophrenia, and manic phases of bipolar disorder. |
| DB01437 | Glutethimide | For the treatment of insomnia. |
| DB01483 | Barbital | Not Available |
| DB01489 | Camazepam | Camazepam has been used in placebo controlled studies for the treatment of patients suffering from anxiety and depression. |
| DB01495 | Dichloralphenazone | Not Available |
| DB01544 | Flunitrazepam | For short-term treatment of severe insomnias, that are not responsive to other hypnotics. |
| DB01545 | Ethyl loflazepate | Not Available |
| DB01553 | Cloxazolam | Used primarily as an anti-anxiety agent. Typically used short term, and may be given as a single dose of up to 100mcg/kg to reduce anxiety and tension experienced prior to surgery. |
| DB01558 | Bromazepam | For the short-term treatment of insomnia, short-term treatment of anxiety or panic attacks, if a benzodiazepine is required, and the alleviation of the symptoms of alcohol- and opiate-withdrawal. |
| DB01559 | Clotiazepam | For the treatment of anxiety disorders. |
| DB01563 | Chloral hydrate | Mainly used as a hyponotic in the treatment of insomnia; however, it is only effective as a hypnotic for short-term use. May be used as a routine sedative preoperatively to decrease anxiety and cause sedation and/or sleep with respiration depression or cough reflex. |
| DB01567 | Fludiazepam | Used for the short-term treatment of anxiety disorders. |
| DB01587 | Ketazolam | Ketazolam could be used for the treatment of anxiety. In approved countries, it is indicated for the treatment of anxiety, tension, irritability and similar stress related symptoms. |
| DB01588 | Prazepam | For the treatment of anxiety disorders. |
| DB01589 | Quazepam | Used to treat insomnia. |
| DB01594 | Cinolazepam | For the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety or anxiety associated with depressive symptoms. |
| DB01595 | Nitrazepam | Used to treat short-term sleeping problems (insomnia), such as difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and early-morning awakening. |
| DB01608 | Periciazine | For use as adjunctive medication in some psychotic patients. Propericiazine (Pericyazine)is used for the control of residual prevailing hostility, impulsiveness and aggressiveness. |
| DB01614 | Acepromazine | Acepromazine was first used in humans in the 1950s as an antipsychotic agent. It is now rarely used in humans. Acepromazine is frequently used in animals as a sedative and antiemetic. Its principal value is in quietening and calming anxious animals. |
| DB01618 | Molindone | Molindone is used for the management of the manifestations of psychotic disorders. |
| DB01621 | Pipotiazine | For the maintenance treatment of chronic non-agitated schizophrenic patients. |
| DB01622 | Thioproperazine | For the treatment of all types of acute and chronic schizophrenia, including those which did not respond to the usual neuroleptics; manic syndromes. |
| DB01623 | Thiothixene | For the management of schizophrenia. |
| DB01624 | Zuclopenthixol | Used in the management of acute psychoses such as mania or schizophrenia. However, the use of zuclopenthixol acetate in psychiatric emergencies as an alternative to standard treatments (haloperidol, clotiapine, etc.) should be cautioned, since well executed and documented trials of zuclopenthixol acetate for this use have yet to be conducted. Zuclopenthixol acetate is not intended for long-term use. |
| DB04833 | Methaqualone | For the treatment of insomnia, and as a sedative and muscle relaxant. |
| DB04842 | Fluspirilene | Used for the treatment of schizophrenia. |
| DB04946 | Iloperidone | Treatment of acute schizophrenia. |
| DB06016 | Cariprazine | Cariprazine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and for the acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I
disorder. |
| DB06144 | Sertindole | Used in the treatment of schizophrenia. |
| DB06216 | Asenapine | Used for treatment in psychosis, schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, manic disorders, and bipolar disorders as monotherapy or in combination. |
| DB06288 | Amisulpride | Investigated for use/treatment in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, mania in bipolar disorder, and depression. |
| DB06470 | Clomethiazole | Investigated for use/treatment in strokes. |
| DB06753 | Triclofos | Not Available |
| DB06797 | Mebutamate | Not Available |
| DB08811 | Tofisopam | For the treatment of anxiety and alcohol withdrawal. |
| DB08815 | Lurasidone | Treatment of schizophrenia. |
| DB08986 | Etifoxine | Not Available |
| DB09000 | Cyamemazine | Not Available |
| DB09014 | Captodiame | Captodiame is indicated for the treatment of anxiety. |
| DB09017 | Brotizolam | Brotizolam is indicated for 2-4 weeks in the treatment of severe or debilitating insomnia. |
| DB09021 | Benzoctamine | Not Available |
| DB09071 | Tasimelteon | Tasimelteon is indicated for the treatment of Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder (N24HSWD). |
| DB09117 | Paraldehyde | Paraldehyde was used historically as a sedative and hypnotic [A19735]. It has been used in the treatment of seizures as an anticonvulsant [A19736]. |
| DB09128 | Brexpiprazole | As an adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and for treatment of schizophrenia. |
| DB09166 | Etizolam | Indicated for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with depression, panic disorder and insomnia. |
| DB09224 | Melperone | For the treatment of schizophrenia, sleep, disorders, agitation and mentally confused states [L1317, L1319, L1322]. |
| DB09225 | Zotepine | Zotepine, like other atypical antipsychotics, is considered as the first-line treatment in newly diagnosed schizophrenia. It is usually thought to be an option of choice for managing acute schizophrenic episodes when discussion with the patient is not possible. Zotepine, as an atypical antipsychotic, is used in patients who are suffering unacceptable side effects from conventional antipsychotics or in relapse patients that were inadequately controlled.[T108]
It is important to consider that the indications stated above are related to atypical antipsychotics, that zotepine is not currently FDA, Canada or EMA approved and that studies have not shown any additional benefit when compared with other approved atypical antipsychotics.[A31857]
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels and behaves. It is usually marked for a loose reality perspective delineated by hallucinations, delusions and thought and movement disorders.[L1320] |
| DB09286 | Pipamperone | Treatment of chronic psychoses and states of aggressiveness of various origins [L1515]. |
| DB12401 | Bromperidol | Not Available |
| DB12710 | Perazine | Not Available |
| DB12867 | Benperidol | Not Available |
| DB12958 | Prothipendyl | Not Available |
| DB13025 | Tiapride | Tiapride is indicated for the treatment of a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders including dyskinesia, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, negative symptoms of psychosis, and agitation and aggression in the elderly. |
| DB13099 | Valnoctamide | Not Available |
| DB13196 | Valerian | Not Available |
| DB13213 | Butaperazine | Not Available |
| DB13221 | Apronalide | Not Available |
| DB13253 | Proxibarbal | Not Available |
| DB13256 | Clothiapine | Not Available |
| DB13273 | Sultopride | Not Available |
| DB13331 | Pyrithyldione | Not Available |
| DB13335 | Pinazepam | Not Available |
| DB13370 | Bromisoval | Not Available |
| DB13377 | Vinbarbital | Not Available |
| DB13382 | Chlorproethazine | Not Available |
| DB13402 | Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate | Not Available |
| DB13403 | Oxypertine | Not Available |
| DB13437 | Medazepam | Not Available |
| DB13523 | Veralipride | Not Available |
| DB13534 | Gedocarnil | Not Available |
| DB13552 | Trifluperidol | Not Available |
| DB13554 | Moperone | Not Available |
| DB13557 | Thiopropazate | Not Available |
| DB13572 | Emylcamate | Not Available |
| DB13577 | Allobarbital | Not Available |
| DB13623 | Fabomotizole | Not Available |
| DB13643 | Loprazolam | Not Available |
| DB13662 | Hexapropymate | Not Available |
| DB13665 | Fluanisone | Not Available |
| DB13676 | Mosapramine | Not Available |
| DB13687 | Niaprazine | Not Available |
| DB13733 | Methylpentynol | Not Available |
| DB13737 | Cyclobarbital | Not Available |
| DB13754 | Mephenoxalone | Not Available |
| DB13770 | Vinylbital | Not Available |
| DB13784 | Dixyrazine | Not Available |
| DB13791 | Penfluridol | Not Available |
| DB13805 | Reposal | Not Available |
| DB13817 | Carbromal | Not Available |
| DB13837 | Doxefazepam | Not Available |
| DB13841 | Clopenthixol | Not Available |
| DB13872 | Lormetazepam | For the treatment of short-term insomnia [L927] |
| DB14028 | Nordazepam | Not Available |
| DB00747 | Scopolamine | For the treatment of excessive salivation, colicky abdominal pain, bradycardia, sialorrhoea, diverticulitis, irritable bowel syndrome and motion sickness. |
| DB13505 | Emepronium | Not Available |
| DB01534 | Chlorhexadol | Not Available |
| DB05316 | Pimavanserin | Investigated for use/treatment in neurologic disorders, parkinson's disease, psychosis, schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, and sleep disorders. |
| DB09034 | Suvorexant | Suvorexant is indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance. |
| DB14719 | Bentazepam | Not Available |