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IdentificationPharmacologyInteractionsReferencesTrialsEconomicsPropertiesSpectraTaxonomyIdentification
- Name
- Procainamide
- Accession Number
- DB01035 (APRD00509)
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Description
A derivative of procaine with less CNS action. [PubChem]
- Structure
Structure for DB01035 (Procainamide)
- Synonyms
- Biocoryl
- p-Amino-N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)benzamide
- p-Aminobenzoic diethylaminoethylamide
- Procainamida
- Procainamide
- Procainamidum
- External IDs
- NSC-27461
- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Procainamide Hydrochloride SI4064O0LX 614-39-1 ABTXGJFUQRCPNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Procainamide Hydrochloride Inj. USP Solution 100 mg Intramuscular; Intravenous Sandoz Canada Incorporated 1995-12-31 Not applicable Canada 
Procainamide-250 Cap 250mg Capsule 250 mg Oral Pro Doc Limitee 1987-12-31 2000-07-31 Canada Procainamide-375 Cap 375mg Capsule 375 mg Oral Pro Doc Limitee 1987-12-31 2000-07-31 Canada Procainamide-500 Cap 500mg Capsule 500 mg Oral Pro Doc Limitee 1987-12-31 2000-07-31 Canada Procan SR Tablet, extended release 750 mg Oral Erfa Canada 2012 Inc 1985-12-31 2015-06-05 Canada Procan SR Tablet, extended release 500 mg Oral Erfa Canada 2012 Inc 1985-12-31 2015-06-05 Canada Procan SR Tablet, extended release 250 mg Oral Erfa Canada 2012 Inc 1985-12-31 Not applicable Canada Pronestyl Cap 250mg Capsule 250 mg Oral Squibb Canada Inc., Division Of Bristol Myers Squibb Canada Inc. 1955-12-31 2002-07-30 Canada Pronestyl Cap 375mg Capsule 375 mg Oral Squibb Canada Inc., Division Of Bristol Myers Squibb Canada Inc. 1973-12-31 2002-07-30 Canada Pronestyl Cap 500mg Capsule 500 mg Oral Squibb Canada Inc., Division Of Bristol Myers Squibb Canada Inc. 1976-12-31 2002-07-30 Canada - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Apo-procainamide Cap 250mg Capsule 250 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 1986-12-31 Not applicable Canada Apo-procainamide Cap 375mg Capsule 375 g Oral Apotex Corporation 1986-12-31 Not applicable Canada Apo-procainamide Cap 500mg Capsule 500 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 1986-12-31 Not applicable Canada Procainamide Hydrochloride Injection, solution 500 mg/mL Intramuscular; Intravenous Cardinal Health 1986-02-12 2018-03-08 US 
Procainamide Hydrochloride Injection 1000 mg/1 Intramuscular; Intravenous Nexus Pharmaceuticals Inc 2017-10-18 Not applicable US Procainamide Hydrochloride Injection 1000 mg/1 Intramuscular; Intravenous Medical Purchasing Solutions, Llc 2017-10-18 Not applicable US Procainamide Hydrochloride Injection 100 mg/mL Intramuscular; Intravenous International Medication Systems, Limited 2016-12-21 Not applicable US Procainamide Hydrochloride Injection, solution 500 mg/mL Intramuscular; Intravenous Hospira, Inc. 1986-02-12 Not applicable US Procainamide Hydrochloride Injection, solution 100 mg/mL Intramuscular; Intravenous Cardinal Health 2011-07-08 2018-03-08 US Procainamide Hydrochloride Injection, solution 100 mg/mL Intramuscular; Intravenous Mc Kesson 2010-02-01 Not applicable US - International/Other Brands
- Biocoryl / Procan / Procanbid / Procapan / Pronestyl
- Categories
- Acids, Carbocyclic
- Amides
- Aminobenzoates
- Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
- Antiarrhythmic
- Antiarrhythmics, Class I and III
- Antiarrhythmics, Class Ia
- Benzamides
- Benzene Derivatives
- Benzoates
- Cardiac Therapy
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Cardiovascular System
- Class IA Antiarrythmics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Substrates
- Highest Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents
- Membrane Transport Modulators
- para-Aminobenzoates
- QTc Prolonging Agents
- Sodium Channel Blockers
- Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers
- UNII
- L39WTC366D
- CAS number
- 51-06-9
- Weight
- Average: 235.3253
Monoisotopic: 235.168462309 - Chemical Formula
- C13H21N3O
- InChI Key
- REQCZEXYDRLIBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C13H21N3O/c1-3-16(4-2)10-9-15-13(17)11-5-7-12(14)8-6-11/h5-8H,3-4,9-10,14H2,1-2H3,(H,15,17)
- IUPAC Name
- 4-amino-N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]benzamide
- SMILES
- CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1
Pharmacology
- Indication
For the treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
- Structured Indications
- Pharmacodynamics
Procainamide is an agent indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia and in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia occurring during cardiac manipulation, such as surgery or catheterization, or which may occur during acute myocardial infarction, digitalis toxicity, or other cardiac diseases. The mode of action of the antiarrhythmic effect of Procainamide appears to be similar to that of procaine and quinidine. Ventricular excitability is depressed and the stimulation threshold of the ventricle is increased during diastole. The sinoatrial node is, however, unaffected.
- Mechanism of action
Procainamide is sodium channel blocker. It stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses thereby effecting local anesthetic action.
Target Actions Organism USodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha inhibitorHuman UDNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 otherHuman UPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 inhibitorHuman - Absorption
75 to 95%
- Volume of distribution
- 2 L/kg
- Protein binding
15 to 20%
- Metabolism
Hepatic
- Route of elimination
Trace amounts may be excreted in the urine as free and conjugated p-aminobenzoic acid, 30 to 60 percent as unchanged PA, and 6 to 52 percent as the NAPA derivative.
- Half life
~2.5-4.5 hours
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Toxicity
LD50=95 mg/kg (rat, IV); LD50=312 mg/kg (mouse, oral); LD50=103 mg/kg (mouse, IV); LD50=250 mg/kg (rabbit, IV)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
- Pathways
Pathway Category Procainamide (Antiarrhythmic) Action Pathway Drug action - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction Drug group Abiraterone The serum concentration of Procainamide can be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone. Approved Alcuronium Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Alcuronium. Experimental Alfuzosin Alfuzosin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Amantadine Amantadine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Amiodarone Amiodarone may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Amitriptyline Amitriptyline may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Amoxapine Amoxapine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Anagrelide The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Anagrelide is combined with Procainamide. Approved Apomorphine Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Arformoterol Arformoterol may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Aripiprazole Aripiprazole may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Arsenic trioxide The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Arsenic trioxide. Approved, Investigational Artemether The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Artemether. Approved Asenapine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Asenapine. Approved Atazanavir Atazanavir may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Atomoxetine Atomoxetine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Atracurium Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Atracurium. Approved, Experimental, Investigational Atracurium besylate Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Atracurium besylate. Approved Azithromycin Azithromycin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Bedaquiline Bedaquiline may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Betaxolol The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Betaxolol. Approved, Investigational Bortezomib Bortezomib may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Bupropion The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Bupropion. Approved Buserelin Buserelin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Celecoxib The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Celecoxib. Approved, Investigational Ceritinib Ceritinib may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Chloroquine Chloroquine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Cholecalciferol The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Cholecalciferol. Approved, Nutraceutical Cimetidine The serum concentration of Procainamide can be increased when it is combined with Cimetidine. Approved, Investigational Cinacalcet The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Cinacalcet. Approved Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Cisapride The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Cisapride is combined with Procainamide. Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Cisatracurium Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Cisatracurium. Approved Citalopram The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Citalopram is combined with Procainamide. Approved Clarithromycin Clarithromycin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Clemastine The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Clemastine. Approved, Investigational Clobazam The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Clobazam. Approved, Illicit Clomipramine Clomipramine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Clotrimazole The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Clotrimazole. Approved, Vet Approved Clozapine Clozapine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Cobicistat The serum concentration of Procainamide can be increased when it is combined with Cobicistat. Approved Cocaine The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Cocaine. Approved, Illicit Crizotinib Crizotinib may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Dabrafenib Dabrafenib may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Darifenacin The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Darifenacin. Approved, Investigational Darunavir The serum concentration of Procainamide can be increased when it is combined with Darunavir. Approved Dasatinib Dasatinib may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Decamethonium Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Decamethonium. Approved Degarelix Degarelix may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Delamanid Procainamide may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Delamanid. Approved, Investigational Delavirdine The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Delavirdine. Approved Desflurane Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Desipramine Desipramine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Deutetrabenazine Procainamide may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Deutetrabenazine. Approved, Investigational Diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Disopyramide The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Disopyramide is combined with Procainamide. Approved Dofetilide The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Dofetilide is combined with Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Dolasetron Dolasetron may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Domoic Acid Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Domoic Acid. Experimental Domperidone The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Domperidone. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Dosulepin The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Dosulepin. Approved Doxacurium chloride Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Doxacurium chloride. Approved Doxepin Doxepin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Dronedarone The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Dronedarone. Approved Droperidol Droperidol may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Vet Approved Duloxetine The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Duloxetine. Approved Eliglustat The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Eliglustat. Approved Eribulin Eribulin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Erythromycin Erythromycin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Escitalopram The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Escitalopram. Approved, Investigational Ezogabine Ezogabine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Famotidine Famotidine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Felbamate Felbamate may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Fingolimod Fingolimod may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Flecainide Flecainide may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Withdrawn Fluconazole Fluconazole may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Fluoxetine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Fluoxetine is combined with Procainamide. Approved, Vet Approved Flupentixol The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Flupentixol is combined with Procainamide. Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Fluvoxamine The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Fluvoxamine. Approved, Investigational Formoterol Formoterol may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Foscarnet Foscarnet may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Gadobenic acid Gadobenic acid may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Galantamine Galantamine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Gallamine Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Gallamine. Experimental Gallamine Triethiodide Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Gallamine Triethiodide. Approved Gemifloxacin Gemifloxacin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Goserelin Goserelin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Granisetron Granisetron may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Haloperidol Haloperidol may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Histrelin Histrelin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Ibandronate Ibandronate may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Ibutilide The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Ibutilide is combined with Procainamide. Approved Iloperidone The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Iloperidone. Approved Imipramine Imipramine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Indacaterol Indacaterol may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Indapamide Indapamide may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Indinavir The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Indinavir. Approved Isoflurane Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Vet Approved Isoniazid The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Isoniazid. Approved, Investigational Isradipine Isradipine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Itraconazole Itraconazole may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Ivabradine Procainamide may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ivabradine. Approved Ketoconazole Ketoconazole may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Lamotrigine The serum concentration of Procainamide can be increased when it is combined with Lamotrigine. Approved, Investigational Lapatinib Lapatinib may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Lenvatinib Lenvatinib may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Leuprolide Leuprolide may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Levofloxacin Levofloxacin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Lithium Lithium may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Lopinavir The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Lopinavir. Approved Lorcaserin The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Lorcaserin. Approved Lumefantrine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Lumefantrine. Approved Lurasidone Lurasidone may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Macimorelin Procainamide may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Macimorelin. Approved, Investigational Manidipine The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Manidipine. Approved, Investigational Maprotiline Maprotiline may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Mefloquine Mefloquine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Methadone Methadone may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Methotrimeprazine The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Methotrimeprazine. Approved, Investigational Metoclopramide Metoclopramide may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Metocurine Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Metocurine. Approved Metocurine Iodide Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Metocurine Iodide. Approved, Withdrawn Metoprolol The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Metoprolol. Approved, Investigational Metronidazole Metronidazole may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Midostaurin The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Midostaurin. Approved, Investigational Mifepristone Procainamide may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Mifepristone. Approved, Investigational Mirabegron Mirabegron may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Mirtazapine Mirtazapine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Mivacurium Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Mivacurium. Approved Moexipril Moexipril may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Nelfinavir Nelfinavir may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Neosaxitoxin Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Neosaxitoxin. Investigational Nevirapine The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Nevirapine. Approved Nicardipine Nicardipine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Nilotinib The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Nilotinib. Approved, Investigational Norfloxacin Norfloxacin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Nortriptyline Nortriptyline may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Octreotide Octreotide may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Ofloxacin Ofloxacin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Olanzapine Olanzapine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Olodaterol Olodaterol may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Ondansetron Ondansetron may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Oxytocin Oxytocin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Vet Approved Paliperidone The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Paliperidone. Approved Pancuronium Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Pancuronium. Approved Panobinostat The serum concentration of Procainamide can be increased when it is combined with Panobinostat. Approved, Investigational Paroxetine The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Paroxetine. Approved, Investigational Pasireotide Pasireotide may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Pazopanib Pazopanib may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Peginterferon alfa-2b The serum concentration of Procainamide can be decreased when it is combined with Peginterferon alfa-2b. Approved Pentamidine Pentamidine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Perflutren Perflutren may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Pimozide The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Pimozide. Approved Pipecuronium Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Pipecuronium. Approved Pitolisant The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Pitolisant. Approved, Investigational Posaconazole Posaconazole may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Primaquine Primaquine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Promazine Promazine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Vet Approved Promethazine Promethazine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Propafenone Propafenone may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Propofol Propofol may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Protriptyline Protriptyline may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Pyrantel Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Pyrantel. Approved, Vet Approved Quetiapine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Quetiapine. Approved Quinidine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Quinidine is combined with Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Quinine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Quinine is combined with Procainamide. Approved Ranitidine The serum concentration of Procainamide can be increased when it is combined with Ranitidine. Approved Ranolazine Ranolazine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Rapacuronium Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Rapacuronium. Withdrawn Ribociclib The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Ribociclib is combined with Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Rilpivirine Rilpivirine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Risperidone Risperidone may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Ritonavir The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Ritonavir. Approved, Investigational Rocuronium Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Rocuronium. Approved Rolapitant The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Rolapitant. Approved, Investigational Ropinirole The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Ropinirole. Approved, Investigational Rucaparib The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Rucaparib. Approved, Investigational Salbutamol Salbutamol may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Vet Approved Salmeterol Salmeterol may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Saquinavir Saquinavir may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Sertraline Sertraline may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Sevoflurane Sevoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Vet Approved Solifenacin Solifenacin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Sorafenib Sorafenib may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Sotalol The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Sotalol is combined with Procainamide. Approved Stiripentol The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Stiripentol. Approved Succinylcholine Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Succinylcholine. Approved Sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Vet Approved Sulpiride The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Sulpiride. Approved, Investigational Sunitinib Sunitinib may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Tamoxifen Tamoxifen may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Telavancin Telavancin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Telithromycin Telithromycin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Terbinafine The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Terbinafine. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Terbutaline Terbutaline may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Tetrabenazine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Tetrabenazine. Approved, Investigational Thioridazine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Thioridazine is combined with Procainamide. Approved, Withdrawn Thiothixene Thiothixene may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Ticlopidine The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Ticlopidine. Approved Tipranavir The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Tipranavir. Approved, Investigational Tizanidine Tizanidine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Tolterodine Tolterodine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Toremifene The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Toremifene is combined with Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Tranylcypromine The metabolism of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Tranylcypromine. Approved, Investigational Trazodone Trazodone may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Treprostinil Treprostinil may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Trimethoprim The serum concentration of the active metabolites of Procainamide can be increased when Procainamide is used in combination with Trimethoprim. Approved, Vet Approved Trimipramine Trimipramine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Triptorelin Triptorelin may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Vet Approved Tubocurarine Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Tubocurarine. Approved Vandetanib The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Vandetanib. Approved Vardenafil Vardenafil may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Vecuronium Procainamide may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Vecuronium. Approved Vemurafenib The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Vemurafenib is combined with Procainamide. Approved Venlafaxine Venlafaxine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Vilanterol Vilanterol may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Voriconazole Voriconazole may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Vorinostat Vorinostat may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved, Investigational Ziprasidone The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Ziprasidone is combined with Procainamide. Approved Zuclopenthixol The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Procainamide is combined with Zuclopenthixol. Approved, Investigational - Food Interactions
- Avoid alcohol.
- Take with food to reduce irritation.
References
- Synthesis Reference
Victor Chu, Zhu Teng, Steve Goss, Ronald Edwards, Kelle Garvey, Timothy Gorzynski, William Bedzyk, "Synthesis and application of procainamide analogs for use in an immunoassay." U.S. Patent US20050227288, issued October 13, 2005.
US20050227288- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015169
- KEGG Compound
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- Procainamide
- ATC Codes
- C01BA02 — Procainamide
- AHFS Codes
- 24:04.04.04 — Class IA Antiarrythmics
- MSDS
- Download (72 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 3 Completed Prevention Arrythmias / Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Heart Arrest / Heart Diseases / Myocardial Infarction (MI) / Severe ventricular arrhythmias 1 3 Completed Treatment Arrythmias / Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Death, Sudden,Cardiac / Heart Diseases / Severe ventricular arrhythmias / Ventricular Arrythmias / Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) 1 3 Completed Treatment Arrythmias / Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Heart Diseases / Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation 1 3 Completed Treatment Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation 1 3 Terminated Treatment Heart Failure, Unspecified / Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation 1 4 Completed Treatment Brugada Syndrome / Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation / Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) 1 Not Available Recruiting Treatment Arrythmias 1 Not Available Unknown Status Diagnostic Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- E.R. Squibb and Sons LLC
- Hospira Inc.
- Ivax Pharmaceuticals
- Kaiser Foundation Hospital
- Major Pharmaceuticals
- Mckesson Corp.
- Monarch Pharmacy
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- Neuman Distributors Inc.
- PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- United Research Laboratories Inc.
- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral 375 g Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 100 mg/mL Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 1000 mg/1 Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 100 mg/mL Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 500 mg/mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 100 mg Capsule Oral 250 mg Tablet, extended release Oral 250 mg Tablet, extended release Oral 500 mg Tablet, extended release Oral 750 mg Capsule Oral 375 mg Capsule Oral 500 mg Liquid Intramuscular; Intravenous 100 mg - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Procainamide 500 mg/ml vial 6.45USD ml Procainamide 100 mg/ml vial 1.29USD ml Procan Sr 750 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.91USD tablet Procan Sr 500 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.56USD tablet Procan Sr 250 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.4USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) US5656296 No 1994-08-12 2014-08-12 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 165-169 °C Not Available water solubility 5050 mg/L Not Available logP 0.88 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) pKa 9.32 SANGSTER (1994) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 3.02 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 1.42 ALOGPS logP 0.95 ChemAxon logS -1.9 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 15.75 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 9.04 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 1 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 58.36 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 6 ChemAxon Refractivity 72.25 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 27.69 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 1 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter Yes ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9561 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9675 Caco-2 permeable + 0.666 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.7739 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9452 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9654 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.7526 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8624 CYP450 2D6 substrate Substrate 0.8919 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.6306 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9046 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9384 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9231 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9606 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9238 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8833 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.7822 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.5352 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9855 Rat acute toxicity 2.1133 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9454 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.648
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positive LC-MS/MS Not Available MS/MS Spectrum - , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03dr-1940000000-b9d8d6702d2ec39984a3
Taxonomy
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aminobenzamides. These are organic compounds containing a benzamide moiety with an amine group attached to the benzene ring.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Benzoic acids and derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Aminobenzamides
- Alternative Parents
- Benzamides / Benzoyl derivatives / Aniline and substituted anilines / Trialkylamines / Secondary carboxylic acid amides / Amino acids and derivatives / Primary amines / Organopnictogen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Organic oxides show 1 more
- Substituents
- Aminobenzamide / Benzamide / Benzoyl / Aniline or substituted anilines / Amino acid or derivatives / Carboxamide group / Tertiary aliphatic amine / Tertiary amine / Secondary carboxylic acid amide / Carboxylic acid derivative show 10 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- benzamides (CHEBI:8428)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in sa node cell action potential
- Specific Function
- This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the pr...
- Gene Name
- SCN5A
- Uniprot ID
- Q14524
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 226937.475 Da
References
- Weiss R, Barmada MM, Nguyen T, Seibel JS, Cavlovich D, Kornblit CA, Angelilli A, Villanueva F, McNamara DM, London B: Clinical and molecular heterogeneity in the Brugada syndrome: a novel gene locus on chromosome 3. Circulation. 2002 Feb 12;105(6):707-13. [PubMed:11839626]
- Brugada R, Brugada J, Antzelevitch C, Kirsch GE, Potenza D, Towbin JA, Brugada P: Sodium channel blockers identify risk for sudden death in patients with ST-segment elevation and right bundle branch block but structurally normal hearts. Circulation. 2000 Feb 8;101(5):510-5. [PubMed:10662748]
- Chen SM, Kuo CT, Lin KH, Chiang FT: Brugada syndrome without mutation of the cardiac sodium channel gene in a Taiwanese patient. J Formos Med Assoc. 2000 Nov;99(11):860-2. [PubMed:11155778]
- Brugada J, Brugada R, Brugada P: [Brugada syndrome]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1999 Jul;92(7):847-50. [PubMed:10443304]
- Brugada J, Brugada P, Brugada R: The syndrome of right bundle branch block ST segment elevation in V1 to V3 and sudden death--the Brugada syndrome. Europace. 1999 Jul;1(3):156-66. [PubMed:11225790]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Other
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Methylates CpG residues. Preferentially methylates hemimethylated DNA. Associates with DNA replication sites in S phase maintaining the methylation pattern in the newly synthesized strand, that is ...
- Gene Name
- DNMT1
- Uniprot ID
- P26358
- Uniprot Name
- DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 183163.635 Da
References
- Oelke K, Lu Q, Richardson D, Wu A, Deng C, Hanash S, Richardson B: Overexpression of CD70 and overstimulation of IgG synthesis by lupus T cells and T cells treated with DNA methylation inhibitors. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Jun;50(6):1850-60. [PubMed:15188362]
- Januchowski R, Jagodzinski PP: Effect of 5-azacytidine and procainamide on CD3-zeta chain expression in Jurkat T cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2005 Apr;59(3):122-6. [PubMed:15795105]
- Lee BH, Yegnasubramanian S, Lin X, Nelson WG: Procainamide is a specific inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1. J Biol Chem. 2005 Dec 9;280(49):40749-56. Epub 2005 Oct 17. [PubMed:16230360]
- Scheinbart LS, Johnson MA, Gross LA, Edelstein SR, Richardson BC: Procainamide inhibits DNA methyltransferase in a human T cell line. J Rheumatol. 1991 Apr;18(4):530-4. [PubMed:2066944]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
- Specific Function
- Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the ...
- Gene Name
- KCNH2
- Uniprot ID
- Q12809
- Uniprot Name
- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 126653.52 Da
References
- Chiu PJ, Marcoe KF, Bounds SE, Lin CH, Feng JJ, Lin A, Cheng FC, Crumb WJ, Mitchell R: Validation of a [3H]astemizole binding assay in HEK293 cells expressing HERG K+ channels. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Jul;95(3):311-9. [PubMed:15272206]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
- Gene Name
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID
- P10635
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2D6
- Molecular Weight
- 55768.94 Da
References
- Lessard E, Hamelin BA, Labbe L, O'Hara G, Belanger PM, Turgeon J: Involvement of CYP2D6 activity in the N-oxidation of procainamide in man. Pharmacogenetics. 1999 Dec;9(6):683-96. [PubMed:10634131]
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Identical protein binding
- Specific Function
- Esterase with broad substrate specificity. Contributes to the inactivation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Can degrade neurotoxic organophosphate esters.
- Gene Name
- BCHE
- Uniprot ID
- P06276
- Uniprot Name
- Cholinesterase
- Molecular Weight
- 68417.575 Da
References
- Bailey DN: Amitriptyline and procainamide inhibition of cocaine and cocaethylene degradation in human serum in vitro. J Anal Toxicol. 1999 Mar-Apr;23(2):99-102. [PubMed:10192412]
- Page JD, Wilson IB, Silman I: Butyrylcholinesterase: inhibition by arsenite, fluoride, and other ligands, cooperativity in binding. Mol Pharmacol. 1985 Apr;27(4):437-43. [PubMed:3982389]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creat...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A2
- Uniprot ID
- O15244
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 62579.99 Da
References
- Urakami Y, Akazawa M, Saito H, Okuda M, Inui K: cDNA cloning, functional characterization, and tissue distribution of an alternatively spliced variant of organic cation transporter hOCT2 predominantly expressed in the human kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002 Jul;13(7):1703-10. [PubMed:12089365]
- Gorboulev V, Ulzheimer JC, Akhoundova A, Ulzheimer-Teuber I, Karbach U, Quester S, Baumann C, Lang F, Busch AE, Koepsell H: Cloning and characterization of two human polyspecific organic cation transporters. DNA Cell Biol. 1997 Jul;16(7):871-81. [PubMed:9260930]
- Kakehi M, Koyabu N, Nakamura T, Uchiumi T, Kuwano M, Ohtani H, Sawada Y: Functional characterization of mouse cation transporter mOCT2 compared with mOCT1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Aug 23;296(3):644-50. [PubMed:12176030]
- Arndt P, Volk C, Gorboulev V, Budiman T, Popp C, Ulzheimer-Teuber I, Akhoundova A, Koppatz S, Bamberg E, Nagel G, Koepsell H: Interaction of cations, anions, and weak base quinine with rat renal cation transporter rOCT2 compared with rOCT1. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2001 Sep;281(3):F454-68. [PubMed:11502595]
- Goralski KB, Lou G, Prowse MT, Gorboulev V, Volk C, Koepsell H, Sitar DS: The cation transporters rOCT1 and rOCT2 interact with bicarbonate but play only a minor role for amantadine uptake into rat renal proximal tubules. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Dec;303(3):959-68. [PubMed:12438515]
- Ishiguro N, Saito A, Yokoyama K, Morikawa M, Igarashi T, Tamai I: Transport of the dopamine D2 agonist pramipexole by rat organic cation transporters OCT1 and OCT2 in kidney. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Apr;33(4):495-9. Epub 2005 Jan 7. [PubMed:15640376]
- Urakami Y, Okuda M, Masuda S, Akazawa M, Saito H, Inui K: Distinct characteristics of organic cation transporters, OCT1 and OCT2, in the basolateral membrane of renal tubules. Pharm Res. 2001 Nov;18(11):1528-34. [PubMed:11758759]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnico...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A1
- Uniprot ID
- O15245
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 61153.345 Da
References
- Bednarczyk D, Ekins S, Wikel JH, Wright SH: Influence of molecular structure on substrate binding to the human organic cation transporter, hOCT1. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Mar;63(3):489-98. [PubMed:12606755]
- Zhang L, Dresser MJ, Gray AT, Yost SC, Terashita S, Giacomini KM: Cloning and functional expression of a human liver organic cation transporter. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Jun;51(6):913-21. [PubMed:9187257]
- Zhang L, Schaner ME, Giacomini KM: Functional characterization of an organic cation transporter (hOCT1) in a transiently transfected human cell line (HeLa). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Jul;286(1):354-61. [PubMed:9655880]
- Kakehi M, Koyabu N, Nakamura T, Uchiumi T, Kuwano M, Ohtani H, Sawada Y: Functional characterization of mouse cation transporter mOCT2 compared with mOCT1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Aug 23;296(3):644-50. [PubMed:12176030]
- Green RM, Lo K, Sterritt C, Beier DR: Cloning and functional expression of a mouse liver organic cation transporter. Hepatology. 1999 May;29(5):1556-62. [PubMed:10216142]
- Zhang L, Dresser MJ, Chun JK, Babbitt PC, Giacomini KM: Cloning and functional characterization of a rat renal organic cation transporter isoform (rOCT1A). J Biol Chem. 1997 Jun 27;272(26):16548-54. [PubMed:9195965]
- Goralski KB, Lou G, Prowse MT, Gorboulev V, Volk C, Koepsell H, Sitar DS: The cation transporters rOCT1 and rOCT2 interact with bicarbonate but play only a minor role for amantadine uptake into rat renal proximal tubules. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Dec;303(3):959-68. [PubMed:12438515]
- Urakami Y, Okuda M, Masuda S, Akazawa M, Saito H, Inui K: Distinct characteristics of organic cation transporters, OCT1 and OCT2, in the basolateral membrane of renal tubules. Pharm Res. 2001 Nov;18(11):1528-34. [PubMed:11758759]
- Grundemann D, Gorboulev V, Gambaryan S, Veyhl M, Koepsell H: Drug excretion mediated by a new prototype of polyspecific transporter. Nature. 1994 Dec 8;372(6506):549-52. [PubMed:7990927]
- Ishiguro N, Saito A, Yokoyama K, Morikawa M, Igarashi T, Tamai I: Transport of the dopamine D2 agonist pramipexole by rat organic cation transporters OCT1 and OCT2 in kidney. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Apr;33(4):495-9. Epub 2005 Jan 7. [PubMed:15640376]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Toxin transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates potential-dependent transport of a variety of organic cations. May play a significant role in the disposition of cationic neurotoxins and neurotransmitters in the brain.
- Gene Name
- SLC22A3
- Uniprot ID
- O75751
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 3
- Molecular Weight
- 61279.485 Da
References
- Wu X, Huang W, Ganapathy ME, Wang H, Kekuda R, Conway SJ, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V: Structure, function, and regional distribution of the organic cation transporter OCT3 in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2000 Sep;279(3):F449-58. [PubMed:10966924]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cat...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A5
- Uniprot ID
- O76082
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 5
- Molecular Weight
- 62751.08 Da
References
- Wu X, Prasad PD, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V: cDNA sequence, transport function, and genomic organization of human OCTN2, a new member of the organic cation transporter family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 May 29;246(3):589-95. [PubMed:9618255]
- Ohashi R, Tamai I, Yabuuchi H, Nezu JI, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):778-84. [PubMed:10525100]
- Ohashi R, Tamai I, Nezu Ji J, Nikaido H, Hashimoto N, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular and physiological evidence for multifunctionality of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN2. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Feb;59(2):358-66. [PubMed:11160873]
- Wu X, Huang W, Prasad PD, Seth P, Rajan DP, Leibach FH, Chen J, Conway SJ, Ganapathy V: Functional characteristics and tissue distribution pattern of organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2), an organic cation/carnitine transporter. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Sep;290(3):1482-92. [PubMed:10454528]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Sodium-ion dependent, low affinity carnitine transporter. Probably transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A4
- Uniprot ID
- Q9H015
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 4
- Molecular Weight
- 62154.48 Da
References
- Yabuuchi H, Tamai I, Nezu J, Sakamoto K, Oku A, Shimane M, Sai Y, Tsuji A: Novel membrane transporter OCTN1 mediates multispecific, bidirectional, and pH-dependent transport of organic cations. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 May;289(2):768-73. [PubMed:10215651]
- Wu X, George RL, Huang W, Wang H, Conway SJ, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V: Structural and functional characteristics and tissue distribution pattern of rat OCTN1, an organic cation transporter, cloned from placenta. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Jun 1;1466(1-2):315-27. [PubMed:10825452]
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on April 17, 2018 01:03