Hydromorphone is a pure opioid,¹ a semi-synthetic hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine that has been available clinically since 1920. Structurally, hydromorphone derived from morphine in the modification of the hydroxyl group in the carbon 6 to a carbonyl and the absence of a double bond between the carbon 7 and 8. Due to these modifications, it presents a very high potency and comparable side effect profile to the parent compound.² Even though hydromorphone does not present a 6-hydroxyl group, it is categorized under the family of phenanthrenes and it is considered a chemical under the schedule II (medical purposes with high addiction potential).³

The first reported approved product containing hydromorphone in the form of hydromorphone hydrochloride was developed by Fresenius Kabi USA and FDA approved in 1984.⁹

Structure

Similar Structures

Synonyms

(-)-(5R)-4,5-Epoxy-3-hydroxy-9α-methylmorphinan-6-one
4,5-Epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one
4,5alpha-Epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl-6-morphinanone
6-Deoxy-7,8-dihydro-6-oxomorphine
7,8-Dihydromorphinone
Dihydromorfinon
Dihydromorphinone
Dimorphone
Hidromorfona
Hydromorfona
Hydromorphone
Hydromorphonum
Idromorfone

External IDs

IDS-NH-004 / N02AA03 / NSC-19046

Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Hydromorphone hydrochloride	L960UP2KRW	71-68-1	XHILEZUETWRSHC-NRGUFEMZSA-N
Hydromorphone sulfate	75Y990NH3Z	25333-57-7	JBBINZRUTLUBFR-NRGUFEMZSA-N

Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
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Dilaudid	Injection, solution	1 mg/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Purdue Pharma LP	1926-01-01	2017-02-01
Dilaudid	Liquid	5 mg/5mL	Oral	Abbvie	1992-12-07	2008-12-31
Dilaudid	Liquid	5 mg/5mL	Oral	Purdue Pharma LP	1956-01-01	Not applicable
Dilaudid	Liquid	1 mg	Oral	Purdue Pharma	1989-12-31	Not applicable
Dilaudid	Tablet	4 mg/1	Oral	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2004-10-11	2013-06-30
Dilaudid	Tablet	4 mg	Oral	Purdue Pharma	1984-12-31	Not applicable
Dilaudid	Injection, solution	2 mg/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC	2016-12-16	Not applicable
Dilaudid	Tablet	2 mg/1	Oral	Lake Erie Medical &Surgical Supply Dba Quality Care Products Llc	2011-12-01	2014-12-31
Dilaudid	Solution	5 mg/5mL	Oral	Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P.	2017-05-15	Not applicable
Dilaudid	Injection, solution	4 mg/1mL	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2004-08-13	2011-06-30

Additional Data Available

Application Number

A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.

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Product Code

A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.

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Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
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Apo-hydromorphone	Tablet	4 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2012-12-18	Not applicable
Apo-hydromorphone	Tablet	2 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2012-12-18	Not applicable
Apo-hydromorphone	Tablet	1 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2012-12-18	Not applicable
Apo-hydromorphone	Tablet	8 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2012-12-18	Not applicable
Apo-hydromorphone CR	Capsule, extended release	4.5 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2018-10-10	Not applicable
Apo-hydromorphone CR	Capsule, extended release	18 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2018-10-10	Not applicable
Apo-hydromorphone CR	Capsule, extended release	3 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2018-10-10	Not applicable
Apo-hydromorphone CR	Capsule, extended release	12 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2018-11-16	Not applicable
Apo-hydromorphone CR	Capsule, extended release	9 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2018-10-10	Not applicable
Apo-hydromorphone CR	Capsule, extended release	30 mg	Oral	Apotex Corporation	2018-10-10	Not applicable

Additional Data Available

Application Number

A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.

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Product Code

A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.

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Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Hydromorphone HCl	Hydromorphone hydrochloride (2 mg/1mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2014-08-20	Not applicable
Hydromorphone HCl	Hydromorphone hydrochloride (0.5 mg/1mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2014-08-13	Not applicable
Hydromorphone HCl	Hydromorphone hydrochloride (0.2 mg/1mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2010-08-23	2017-12-06
Hydromorphone HCl	Hydromorphone hydrochloride (0.1 mg/1mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2014-08-21	Not applicable
Hydromorphone HCl	Hydromorphone hydrochloride (1 mg/1mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2012-08-30	2017-12-06
Hydromorphone HCl	Hydromorphone hydrochloride (10 mg/1mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2014-08-13	Not applicable
Hydromorphone HCl	Hydromorphone hydrochloride (0.4 mg/1mL)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	Cantrell Drug Company	2014-08-13	Not applicable
Hydromorphone Hydrochloride	Hydromorphone hydrochloride (2 mg/1mL)	Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	Hospira, Inc.	2018-08-23	Not applicable
Hydromorphone Hydrochloride	Hydromorphone hydrochloride (2 mg/1mL)	Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp.	1972-01-01	Not applicable
Hydromorphone Hydrochloride	Hydromorphone hydrochloride (2 mg/1mL)	Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp.	1972-01-01	Not applicable

Categories

UNII

Q812464R06

CAS number

466-99-9

Weight

Average: 285.3377
Monoisotopic: 285.136493479

Chemical Formula

C₁₇H₁₉NO₃

InChI Key

WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C17H19NO3/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18/h2,4,10-11,16,19H,3,5-8H2,1H3/t10-,11+,16-,17-/m0/s1

IUPAC Name

(1S,5R,13R,17R)-10-hydroxy-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0¹,¹³.0⁵,¹⁷.0⁷,¹⁸]octadeca-7(18),8,10-trien-14-one

SMILES

[H][C@@]12OC3=C(O)C=CC4=C3[C@@]11CCN(C)[C@]([H])(C4)[C@]1([H])CCC2=O

Pharmacology

Indication

Hydromorphone is indicated for the management of moderate to severe acute pain and severe chronic pain. Due to its addictive potential and overdose risk, hydromorphone is only prescribed when other first-line treatments have failed.¹

The WHO has proposed a three-step ladder for the management of pain in which it is suggested to start with a non-opioid medication followed by addition of weak opioids to the non-opioid treatment for moderate pain and finishing in the use of strong opioids such as hydromorphone along with the existing regimen for cases of severe pain.²

Off-label, hydromorphone can be administered for the suppression of refractory cough.¹

Associated Conditions

Pharmacodynamics

In clinical trials, hydromorphone has been shown to be suitable for pain relief in patients that do not tolerate the side effects of morphine or that suffer from renal failure or asthma. It has been shown to be 5-7 times more potent than morphine with a shorter duration of analgesia.²

Some of the observed effects of the consumption of hydromorphone for acute pain are complete and longlasting pain relief when compared to other pain relief agents such as meperidine, morphine, diamorphine, bupivacaine, indomethacin, and fentanyl. On the same trials, hydromorphone was shown to produce respiratory depression, lower cognitive function, miosis, mydriasis, constipation, hypotension, and vertigo but to present a reduced incidence of pruritus (which indicates a lower release of histamine) and nausea.⁷

The respiratory depression is known to be caused by the effect on the brain stem respiratory centers as well as to a reduction in the responsiveness of this brain stems to increase carbon dioxide tension.¹⁰

Mechanism of action

Hydromorphone is an opioid agonist that can bind to different types of opioid receptors. Its analgesic effect is suggested to be related to the effect on the mu-opioid receptors. It has been reported to also have a minor affinity for the delta and kappa receptor.^3,6 On the other hand, it is known to act at the level of the medulla which allows it to depress the respiratory drive and suppress cough.¹

The onset of action of the immediate release form of hydromorphone is achieved in 15-20 minutes and having a lasting effect for 3-4 hours while the extended-release form onset of action is of 6 hours lasting for about 13 hours.¹

Target	Actions	Organism
AMu-type opioid receptor	agonist	Humans
ADelta-type opioid receptor	partial agonist	Humans
AKappa-type opioid receptor	agonist	Humans

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Adverse Effects

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Contraindications

Structured data covering drug contraindications. Each contraindication describes a scenario in which the drug is not to be used. Includes restrictions on co-administration, contraindicated populations, and more.

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Blackbox Warnings

Structured data representing warnings from the black box section of drug labels. These warnings cover important and dangerous risks, contraindications, or adverse effects.

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Absorption

The immediate release version of hydromorphone reaches its peak concentration after 30-60 minutes while the extended-release version reaches the peak concentration after 9 hours.¹ When administered orally, hydromorphone is absorbed mainly in the upper small intestine with a bioavailability of 60% due to intensive first-pass metabolism. In the controlled-release version of hydromorphone, the absorption follows a biphasic pharmacokinetic profile. However, even though there are clear distinctions in the absorption pathway of hydromorphone, the AUC of both versions is reported to be of 34 ng.h/ml which indicates an equivalence.²

The parenteral administration of hydromorphone, which is the most common pathway, presents an almost immediate absorption as observed by the presence of peak plasma concentration almost immediately. This peak plasma concentration declines rapidly due to fast redistribution into liver, spleen, kidney and skeletal muscle. In the parenteral route, the pharmacokinetic profile is log-linear and dose-dependent and to present a higher bioavailability of 78%.²

Other administration routes such as rectal, nasal, intraspinal and transdermal present lower bioavailability and changes in their pharmacokinetic profile.²

Volume of distribution

The volume of distribution of hydromorphone is reported to be of 4 L/kg.¹

Protein binding

The protein-bound form of hydromorphone corresponds to about 8-19% of the administered dose.¹

Metabolism

The metabolism of hydromorphone is mainly hepatic and it is represented by the generation of hydromorphone-3-glucuronide through glucuronidation reactions.¹ This primary metabolic pathway is done by the activity of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-2B7.⁴ The first-pass hepatic metabolism is so large that it represents 62% of the initial administered dose.³

On the other hand, hydromorphone is also characterized by the presence of minor metabolic pathways such as the CYP3A4- and CYP2C9-driven generation of norhydromorphone.⁵

Route of elimination

The main elimination route of hydromorphone is through the urine in the form of the main metabolite hydromorphone-3-glucuronide. The elimination of the parent compound represents 7% of the urine elimination and 1% of the fecal elimination.¹

Half life

The half-life of hydromorphone immediate-release is of 2-3 hour while the extended release can range from 8-15 hours.¹

Clearance

The mean plasma clearance of methadone is reported to be of 105.7 ml/min.⁸ The systemic clearance is reported to be of 1.96 L/min.¹⁰

Toxicity

The reported LD50 of hydromorphone in the mouse was of 104 mg/kg when given intravenously and 84 mg/kg when given orally.¹¹ The reports of overdose with hydromorphone are characterized by respiratory depression, somnolence, skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, constricted pupils, myosis, mydriasis, bradycardia, hypotension, apnea, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest, and even death.^Label

The management of an overdose might require assisted ventilation, supportive measures, as well as cardiac massage and defibrillation. It can be recommended the use of naloxone solely in the cases of respiratory depression. The use of opioid antagonist should be restricted to patients that present respiratory depression as they can produce acute abstinence symptoms.^Label

Hydromorphone was not shown to be mutagenic nor clastogenic and long-term studies of carcinogenicity studies have not been performed. On the other hand, reduced implantation sites and viable fetuses were noted at a 2X normal concentration.^Label

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Pathway	Category
Hydromorphone Action Pathway	Drug action

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Drug	Interaction
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(R)-warfarin	The metabolism of (R)-warfarin can be decreased when combined with Hydromorphone.
(S)-Warfarin	The metabolism of (S)-Warfarin can be decreased when combined with Hydromorphone.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine	2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine may increase the analgesic activities of Hydromorphone.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine	2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine may increase the analgesic activities of Hydromorphone.
3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid	The metabolism of 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid can be decreased when combined with Hydromorphone.
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine	4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine may increase the analgesic activities of Hydromorphone.
4-hydroxycoumarin	The metabolism of 4-hydroxycoumarin can be decreased when combined with Hydromorphone.
4-Methoxyamphetamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydromorphone is combined with 4-Methoxyamphetamine.
5-androstenedione	The metabolism of 5-androstenedione can be decreased when combined with Hydromorphone.
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydromorphone is combined with 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.

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Extended Description

Extended description of the mechanism of action and particular properties of each drug interaction.

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Severity

A severity rating for each drug interaction, from minor to major.

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Evidence Level

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Action

An effect category for each drug interaction. Know how this interaction affects the subject drug.

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Food Interactions

Take without regard to meals. Avoid alcohol.

References

Synthesis Reference

US5571685

General References

Abi-Aad KR, Derian A: Hydromorphone . [PubMed:29261877]
Kumar MG, Lin S: Hydromorphone in the management of cancer-related pain: an update on routes of administration and dosage forms. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2007;10(4):504-18. [PubMed:18261371]
Trescot AM, Datta S, Lee M, Hansen H: Opioid pharmacology. Pain Physician. 2008 Mar;11(2 Suppl):S133-53. [PubMed:18443637]
Overholser BR, Foster DR: Opioid pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. Am J Manag Care. 2011 Sep;17 Suppl 11:S276-87. [PubMed:21999760]
Benetton SA, Borges VM, Chang TK, McErlane KM: Role of individual human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the in vitro metabolism of hydromorphone. Xenobiotica. 2004 Apr;34(4):335-44. doi: 10.1080/00498250310001657559 . [PubMed:15268978]
Drewes AM, Jensen RD, Nielsen LM, Droney J, Christrup LL, Arendt-Nielsen L, Riley J, Dahan A: Differences between opioids: pharmacological, experimental, clinical and economical perspectives. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Jan;75(1):60-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04317.x. [PubMed:22554450]
Murray A, Hagen NA: Hydromorphone. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2005 May;29(5 Suppl):S57-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.01.007. [PubMed:15907647]
Perlman R, Giladi H, Brecht K, Ware MA, Hebert TE, Joseph L, Shir Y: Intradialytic clearance of opioids: methadone versus hydromorphone. Pain. 2013 Dec;154(12):2794-800. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.08.015. Epub 2013 Aug 20. [PubMed:23973378]
FDA approvals [Link]
Clinical trials [Link]
BAR-hydromorphone monograph [File]

External Links

Human Metabolome Database: HMDB0014472
KEGG Compound: C07042
PubChem Compound: 5284570
PubChem Substance: 46508700
ChemSpider: 4447624
BindingDB: 50241341
ChEBI: 5790
ChEMBL: CHEMBL398707
Therapeutic Targets Database: DAP000472
PharmGKB: PA449918
Wikipedia: Hydromorphone

ATC Codes

N02AA53 — Hydromorphone and naloxone

N02AA03 — Hydromorphone

N02AG04 — Hydromorphone and antispasmodics

AHFS Codes

28:08.08 — Opiate Agonists

FDA label

Download (600 KB)

MSDS

Download (73.3 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
0	Completed	Treatment	Lumbar Spinal Instability / Lumbar Spine Degeneration / Spinal Stenosis of Lumbar Region	1
0	Completed	Treatment	Pain NOS	1
0	Recruiting	Supportive Care	Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm / Neoplasms, Malignant / Pain NOS	1
1	Completed	Not Available	Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Completed	Not Available	Heroin Dependence / Opioid-Related Disorders	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Addictions / Opioid Dependence / Pain NOS	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Opioid-Related Disorders / Pain, Chronic	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Pain NOS	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Pain NOS / Pain, Acute	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Substance Abuse	1
1	Recruiting	Basic Science	Opioid-use Disorder / Pain, Acute	1
1, 2	Completed	Treatment	Opioid Abuse / Opioid Addiction / Stimulant Abuse / Stimulant Addiction	1
1, 2	Terminated	Treatment	Wound Healing	1
2	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Adenotonsillitis / Tonsillitis	1
2	Completed	Not Available	Heroin Dependence / Opioid-Related Disorders	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Cesarean Section / Pain NOS	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Labour Pain	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Opiate Dependence	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Opioid Use Disorders	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Pain NOS	2
2	Completed	Treatment	Pain, Acute	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Postoperative pain	1
2	Recruiting	Basic Science	Opioid Abuse / Opioid-use Disorder	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Musculoskeletal Injuries	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Pain, Acute	1
2	Withdrawn	Treatment	Hb-SS Disease With Vasoocclusive Pain / Hemoglobin SS Disease With Crisis / Hemoglobin SS Disease With Vasoocclusive Crisis / Other Sickle Cell Disease With Vaso-Occlusive Pain / Sickle Cell Disorders	1
2, 3	Completed	Supportive Care	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Pain, Acute	1
3	Completed	Supportive Care	Management of Chronic Pain	1
3	Completed	Supportive Care	Pain NOS / Prostate Cancer	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Heroin Dependence / Opioid Dependence	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Pain NOS	2
3	Completed	Treatment	Pain, Acute	2
3	Completed	Treatment	Pain, Chronic	1
3	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Sickle Cell Disorders	1
3	Recruiting	Supportive Care	Breast - Female	1
3	Recruiting	Supportive Care	Diseases of Liver / Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Disorder	1
3	Recruiting	Supportive Care	Intraoperative Complications / Malignant Female Reproductive System Neoplasm / Pain NOS	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Pain, Acute	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Pain, Cancer	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Pain, Chronic	1
3	Terminated	Treatment	Back Pain / Lumbar Spine Fusion / Pain NOS	1
3	Terminated	Treatment	Chronic Non-Malignant Pain	1
3	Terminated	Treatment	Fracture Bone / Pain, Acute / Trauma, Multiple	1
3	Unknown Status	Supportive Care	Malignancies / Pain NOS	1
3	Unknown Status	Treatment	Cancer Related Pain (Breakthrough Pain)	1
3	Withdrawn	Treatment	Mucositis	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Supportive Care	Advanced Cancers / Pain NOS	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Postoperative pain	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Obstetrical analgesia therapy	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Healthy Volunteers	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	Sickle Cell Disorders	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Abdominal Pain (AP)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Acute Postoperative Pain	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Acute Postoperative Pain / Chronic Persistent Surgical Pain / Hydromorphone Use / Patients Satisfaction	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Back Pain Lower Back	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Breakthrough Pain / Pain, Chronic / Pain, Intractable	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Cesarean Section / Obstetrical analgesia therapy	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Labour Pain	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Migraine	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Narcotic Use / Nausea / Occasional Constipation / Pain NOS	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Nausea	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Pain NOS	4
4	Completed	Treatment	Pain, Acute	2
4	Completed	Treatment	Pain, Cancer	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Pain, Neuropathic	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Post Operative Pain	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Postoperative pain	3
4	Completed	Treatment	Postoperative pain / Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Unilateral Knee Arthroplasty	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Acute, severe Pain	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Other	Opioid Substitution Treatment	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Analgesics, Opioid / Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Child/Adolescent Problems / Emergency Service, Hospital / Fentanyl / Ibuprofen / Pain, Acute	1
4	Recruiting	Diagnostic	EKG-QT Prolongation	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Caesarean Sections	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Pain NOS / Rotator Cuff Injury	1
4	Recruiting	Supportive Care	Colon Diverticulosis / Colonic Neoplasms / Constipation Drug Induced / Diverticulitis, Colonic / Ileus / Ileus paralytic / Ileus; Mechanical / Malignant Neoplasm of Colon / Occasional Constipation / Postoperative pain / Rectum Cancer / Rectum Neoplasm	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Body Weight Changes / Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) / Postoperative Hemorrhages / Postoperative pain	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Opioids Use / Postoperative pain	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Pain NOS	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Rib Fracture Multiple / Rib Fractures	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Fusion of Spine, Lumbar Region	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Pain NOS	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Pectus Excavatum	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Postoperative pain	1
4	Unknown Status	Not Available	Adults / Healthy Volunteers / Humans / Parturient	1
4	Withdrawn	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Postoperative pain / Respiratory Insufficiency	1
4	Withdrawn	Treatment	Pain, Acute / Postoperative pain / Surgery, Colorectal	1
Not Available	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Pain NOS / Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)	1
Not Available	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Rib Fractures	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Cancer Related Pain (Breakthrough Pain) / Pain, Cancer / Pain, Neuropathic / Tumors	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Cancer of the Ovary / Cervical Cancers / Endometrial Cancers / Fallopian Tube Cancer / Pain NOS / Perioperative/Postoperative Complications / Sarcomas	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	General Surgery	1
Not Available	Completed	Basic Science	Healthy Volunteers	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)	1
Not Available	Completed	Supportive Care	Pain Measurement / Visual Analog Pain Scale	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Back Pain Lower Back	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Cancer, Breast	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Conditions Requiring Colorectal Surgery	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Epidural Analgesia	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Obstetric Surgical Procedures / Obstetrical analgesia therapy	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Opioid-Related Disorders	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Pain Conditions	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Post Operative Pain	1
Not Available	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Caudal epidural block therapy / Postoperative pain / Surgery, Cardiac	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Not Available	Anaesthesia therapy / Pain NOS	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Postoperative pain	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Pregnancy	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Nausea / Pain NOS	1
Not Available	Terminated	Supportive Care	Pain NOS / Respiratory Depression	1
Not Available	Terminated	Treatment	Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Pain NOS	1
Not Available	Withdrawn	Treatment	Pain NOS / Ventilatory Depression	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Purdue pharma lp
Purdue pharmaceutical products lp
Akorn inc
Barr laboratories inc
Hospira inc
Watson laboratories inc
Roxane laboratories inc
Mallinckrodt inc
Actavis totowa llc
Kv pharmaceutical co
Lannett holdings inc
Tyco healthcare mallinckrodt

Packagers

Abbott Laboratories Ltd.
Akorn Inc.
Barr Pharmaceuticals
BASF Corp.
Baxter International Inc.
Blenheim Pharmacal
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
Cardinal Health
D.M. Graham Laboratories Inc.
Direct Dispensing Inc.
Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Ethex Corp.
Hospira Inc.
KV Pharmaceutical Co.
Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
Lannett Co. Inc.
Mallinckrodt Inc.
Mckesson Corp.
Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Paddock Labs
PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Pharmakon
Pharmedium
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Purdue Pharma LP
Qualitest
Rhodes Pharmaceutical LP
Roxane Labs
Stat Rx Usa

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Capsule, extended release	Oral	9 mg
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	1 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	2 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	4 mg/1mL
Liquid	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	2 mg
Liquid	Oral	1 mg
Liquid	Oral	5 mg/5mL
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	250 mg
Solution	Oral	5 mg/5mL
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	10 mg/1mL
Liquid	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	10 mg
Powder	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	250 mg/25mL
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	500 mg/50mL
Liquid	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	50 mg
Tablet, extended release	Oral	12 mg/1
Tablet, extended release	Oral	16 mg/1
Tablet, extended release	Oral	32 mg/1
Tablet, extended release	Oral	8 mg/1
Capsule, extended release	Oral	4.5 mg
Capsule, extended release	Oral	12 mg
Capsule, extended release	Oral	18 mg
Capsule, extended release	Oral	24 mg
Capsule, extended release	Oral	30 mg
Capsule, extended release	Oral	3 mg
Capsule, extended release	Oral	6 mg
Injection, solution	Intravenous	0.1 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	0.2 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	0.4 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	0.5 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	1 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	10 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	2 mg/1mL
Solution	Oral	5 mg/1mL
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	10 mg
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	20 mg
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	50 mg
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	1000 mg
Injection	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	2 mg/1mL
Injection	Parenteral	10 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	10 mg/1mL
Solution	Oral	1 mg/1mL
Suppository	Rectal	3 mg/1
Tablet	Oral	2 mg/1
Tablet	Oral	4 mg/1
Tablet	Oral	8 mg/1
Tablet, film coated	Oral	2 mg/1
Tablet, film coated	Oral	4 mg/1
Tablet, film coated	Oral	8 mg/1
Tablet, film coated, extended release	Oral	12 mg/1
Tablet, film coated, extended release	Oral	16 mg/1
Tablet, film coated, extended release	Oral	32 mg/1
Tablet, film coated, extended release	Oral	8 mg/1
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	100 mg
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	2 mg
Solution	Oral	20 mg
Solution	Oral	40 mg
Tablet, extended release	Oral	16 mg
Tablet, extended release	Oral	32 mg
Tablet, extended release	Oral	4 mg
Tablet, extended release	Oral	8 mg
Capsule, extended release	Oral	12 mg/1
Capsule, extended release	Oral	16 mg/1
Capsule, extended release	Oral	24 mg/1
Capsule, extended release	Oral	32 mg/1
Capsule, extended release	Oral	16 mg
Syrup	Oral	1 mg
Suppository	Rectal	3 mg
Tablet	Oral	1 mg
Tablet	Oral	2 mg
Tablet	Oral	4 mg
Tablet	Oral	8 mg

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Hydromorphone hcl powder	166.25USD	g
Dilaudid-hp 250 mg vial	114.8USD	vial
Dilaudid Sterile Powder 250 mg/vial	78.99USD	vial
HYDROmorphone HCl 6 3 mg Suppository Box	54.92USD	box
Hydromorphone Hp 50 50 mg/ml	13.78USD	ml
Dilaudid-Xp 50 mg/ml	11.82USD	ml
Hydromorphone 3 mg suppository	11.11USD	suppository
Dilaudid-Hp-Plus 20 mg/ml	5.08USD	ml
Hydromorphone Hp 20 20 mg/ml	4.72USD	ml
Hydromorph Contin 30 mg Controlled-Release Capsule	4.21USD	capsule
Hydromorph Contin 24 mg Controlled-Release Capsule	3.52USD	capsule
Dilaudid-Hp 10 mg/ml	3.14USD	ml
Hydromorphone Hp 10 mg/ml	2.92USD	ml
Hydromorph Contin 18 mg Controlled-Release Capsule	2.75USD	capsule
Hydromorphone 10 mg/ml ampul	2.58USD	ml
Pms-Hydromorphone 3 mg Suppository	2.42USD	suppository
Dilaudid 4 mg/ml ampul	2.2USD	ml
Dilaudid 8 mg tablet	2.19USD	tablet
HYDROmorphone HCl 4 mg/ml Solution 1ml Cartridge	2.07USD	cartridge
Hydromorph Contin 12 mg Controlled-Release Capsule	1.91USD	capsule
Dilaudid 2 mg/ml ampul	1.81USD	ml
Dilaudid 1 mg/ml ampul	1.64USD	ml
Hydromorphone hcl 8 mg tablet	1.4USD	tablet
Dilaudid 4 mg tablet	1.36USD	tablet
Hydromorphone 8 mg tablet	1.32USD	tablet
Dilaudid 2 mg/ml	1.28USD	ml
Hydromorphone 2 mg/ml	1.19USD	ml
Hydromorph Contin 6 mg Controlled-Release Capsule	1.1USD	capsule
Hydromorphone-ns 0.4 mg/ml	1.08USD	ml
Hydromorphone-ns 0.3 mg/ ml	1.05USD	ml
Hydromorphone 2 mg/ml vial	1.02USD	ml
Hydromorphone-ns 25 mg/25 ml	1.01USD	ml
Dilaudid 2 mg tablet	1.0USD	tablet
Hydromorphone-ns 2.5 mg/25 ml	0.96USD	ml
HYDROmorphone HCl 4 mg tablet	0.8USD	tablet
HYDROmorphone HCl 2 mg tablet	0.77USD	tablet
Hydromorph Contin 3 mg Controlled-Release Capsule	0.73USD	capsule
Hydromorphone 4 mg tablet	0.72USD	tablet
Dilaudid 8 mg Tablet	0.55USD	tablet
Hydromorphone-ns 0.2 mg/ml	0.49USD	ml
Hydromorphone 2 mg tablet	0.37USD	tablet
Pms-Hydromorphone 8 mg Tablet	0.37USD	tablet
Dilaudid 4 mg Tablet	0.35USD	tablet
Dilaudid-5 1 mg/ml liquid	0.33USD	ml
Hydromorphone-ns 5.5 mg/55 ml	0.33USD	ml
Dilaudid 2 mg Tablet	0.23USD	tablet
Pms-Hydromorphone 4 mg Tablet	0.23USD	tablet
Dilaudid 1 mg Tablet	0.16USD	tablet
Pms-Hydromorphone 2 mg Tablet	0.15USD	tablet
Pms-Hydromorphone 1 mg Tablet	0.1USD	tablet
Dilaudid 1 mg/ml Liquid	0.09USD	ml
Pms-Hydromorphone 1 mg/ml Liquid	0.07USD	ml

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
Unlock Additional Data
US5968551	No	1999-10-19	2011-12-24
US6589960	No	2003-07-08	2020-11-09
US9248229	No	2016-02-02	2034-03-12
US9731082	No	2017-08-15	2032-04-23

Additional Data Available

Filed On

The date on which a patent was filed with the relevant government.

Learn more

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	Decomposes at 305ºC	'MSDS'
boiling point (°C)	Decomposes at 305ºC	'MSDS'
water solubility	Highly soluble	Trescot A. et al. (2008). Pain Physician.
logP	1.06	Agilent. SAMHSA-Compilant Analysis of Opiates.
pKa	8.2	Agilent. SAMHSA-Compilant Analysis of Opiates.

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	4.39 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	1.69	ALOGPS
logP	1.62	ChemAxon
logS	-1.8	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	10.11	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	8.59	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	49.77 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	78.26 m³·mol^-1	ChemAxon
Polarizability	30.02 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	5	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted ADMET features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	1.0
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.9931
Caco-2 permeable	+	0.8647
P-glycoprotein substrate	Substrate	0.8174
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.8497
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.9641
Renal organic cation transporter	Inhibitor	0.6374
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.7925
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Substrate	0.8618
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Substrate	0.7571
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Non-inhibitor	0.6918
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9539
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.5197
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8088
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8177
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.9413
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.7214
Carcinogenicity	Non-carcinogens	0.9554
Biodegradation	Not ready biodegradable	0.9815
Rat acute toxicity	2.9191 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.8906
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Non-inhibitor	0.8992

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS	Not Available
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	MS	splash10-002r-6960000000-9f3d9b17d56e032d76c5
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available

Taxonomy

Description: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as morphinans. These are polycyclic compounds with a four-ring skeleton with three condensed six-member rings forming a partially hydrogenated phenanthrene moiety, one of which is aromatic while the two others are alicyclic.
Kingdom: Organic compounds
Super Class: Alkaloids and derivatives
Class: Morphinans
Sub Class: Not Available
Direct Parent: Morphinans
Alternative Parents: Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Isoquinolones and derivatives / Tetralins / Coumarans / Aralkylamines / Alkyl aryl ethers / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Piperidines / Trialkylamines / Ketones
show 5 more
Substituents: Morphinan / Phenanthrene / Isoquinolone / Tetralin / Coumaran / Alkyl aryl ether / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / Aralkylamine / Piperidine / Benzenoid
show 17 more
Molecular Framework: Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors: morphinane alkaloid, organic heteropentacyclic compound (CHEBI:5790)

Targets

Property	Measurement	pH	Temperature (°C)	References
EC 50 (nM)	2.6	N/A	N/A	19282177
Ki (nM)	0.28	N/A	N/A	19282177

Details1. Mu-type opioid receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Agonist

General Function: Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Specific Function: Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone...
Gene Name: OPRM1
Uniprot ID: P35372
Uniprot Name: Mu-type opioid receptor
Molecular Weight: 44778.855 Da

References

Quigley C: Hydromorphone for acute and chronic pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(1):CD003447. [PubMed:11869661]
Inturrisi CE: Clinical pharmacology of opioids for pain. Clin J Pain. 2002 Jul-Aug;18(4 Suppl):S3-13. [PubMed:12479250]
Sarhill N, Walsh D, Nelson KA: Hydromorphone: pharmacology and clinical applications in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2001 Mar;9(2):84-96. [PubMed:11305075]
Kumar P, Sunkaraneni S, Sirohi S, Dighe SV, Walker EA, Yoburn BC: Hydromorphone efficacy and treatment protocol impact on tolerance and mu-opioid receptor regulation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Nov 12;597(1-3):39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.08.025. Epub 2008 Aug 30. [PubMed:18789923]

Details2. Delta-type opioid receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Partial agonist

General Function: Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function: G-protein coupled receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous enkephalins and for a subset of other opioids. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine n...
Gene Name: OPRD1
Uniprot ID: P41143
Uniprot Name: Delta-type opioid receptor
Molecular Weight: 40368.235 Da

References

Fang X, Larson DL, Portoghese PS: 7-spirobenzocyclohexyl derivatives of naltrexone, oxymorphone, and hydromorphone as selective opioid receptor ligands. J Med Chem. 1997 Sep 12;40(19):3064-70. [PubMed:9301669]
Hennies HH, Friderichs E, Schneider J: Receptor binding, analgesic and antitussive potency of tramadol and other selected opioids. Arzneimittelforschung. 1988 Jul;38(7):877-80. [PubMed:2849950]
Jiang Q, Sebastian A, Archer S, Bidlack JM: 5 beta-Methyl-14 beta-(p-nitrocinnamoylamino)-7,8-dihydromorphinone and its corresponding N-cyclopropylmethyl analog, N-cyclopropylmethylnor-5 beta-methyl-14 beta-(p-nitrocinnamoylamino)- 7,8-dihydromorphinone: mu-selective irreversible opioid antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994 Mar;268(3):1107-13. [PubMed:7511163]
Guay DR: Use of oral oxymorphone in the elderly. Consult Pharm. 2007 May;22(5):417-30. [PubMed:17658959]
Hartvig P, Neil A, Terenius L, Antoni G, Rimland A, Ulin J, Langstrom B: Brain and plasma kinetics of the opioid 11C-hydromorphone in two macaque species. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1989 Sep;65(3):214-6. [PubMed:2478994]
Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]

Property	Measurement	pH	Temperature (°C)	References
EC 50 (nM)	11	N/A	N/A	19282177
Ki (nM)	2.8	N/A	N/A	19282177

Details3. Kappa-type opioid receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Agonist

General Function: Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function: G-protein coupled opioid receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous alpha-neoendorphins and dynorphins, but has low affinity for beta-endorphins. Also functions as receptor for various synt...
Gene Name: OPRK1
Uniprot ID: P41145
Uniprot Name: Kappa-type opioid receptor
Molecular Weight: 42644.665 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
Gharagozlou P, Hashemi E, DeLorey TM, Clark JD, Lameh J: Pharmacological profiles of opioid ligands at kappa opioid receptors. BMC Pharmacol. 2006 Jan 25;6:3. [PubMed:16433932]

Enzymes

Details1. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: No
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name: CYP3A4
Uniprot ID: P08684
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight: 57342.67 Da

References

Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
Benetton SA, Borges VM, Chang TK, McErlane KM: Role of individual human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the in vitro metabolism of hydromorphone. Xenobiotica. 2004 Apr;34(4):335-44. doi: 10.1080/00498250310001657559 . [PubMed:15268978]
Baldacci A, Thormann W: Capillary electrophoresis contributions to the hydromorphone metabolism in man. Electrophoresis. 2006 Jun;27(12):2444-57. doi: 10.1002/elps.200500867. [PubMed:16718649]

Details2. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: No
Actions: Substrate
Curator comments: Data on this enzyme effect supported by 1 in vitro study.

General Function: Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name: CYP2C9
Uniprot ID: P11712
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight: 55627.365 Da

References

Benetton SA, Borges VM, Chang TK, McErlane KM: Role of individual human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the in vitro metabolism of hydromorphone. Xenobiotica. 2004 Apr;34(4):335-44. doi: 10.1080/00498250310001657559 . [PubMed:15268978]

Details3. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: No
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Retinoic acid binding
Specific Function: UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative reg...
Gene Name: UGT1A3
Uniprot ID: P35503
Uniprot Name: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3
Molecular Weight: 60337.835 Da

References

Gudin J: Opioid therapies and cytochrome p450 interactions. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2012 Dec;44(6 Suppl):S4-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.08.013. [PubMed:23218233]

Details4. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: No
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Glucuronosyltransferase activity
Specific Function: UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.Its unique specificity for 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol su...
Gene Name: UGT2B7
Uniprot ID: P16662
Uniprot Name: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7
Molecular Weight: 60694.12 Da

References

Overholser BR, Foster DR: Opioid pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. Am J Manag Care. 2011 Sep;17 Suppl 11:S276-87. [PubMed:21999760]
Gudin J: Opioid therapies and cytochrome p450 interactions. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2012 Dec;44(6 Suppl):S4-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.08.013. [PubMed:23218233]

Carriers

Details1. Serum albumin

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: No
Actions: Binder

General Function: Toxic substance binding
Specific Function: Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name: ALB
Uniprot ID: P02768
Uniprot Name: Serum albumin
Molecular Weight: 69365.94 Da

References

Abi-Aad KR, Derian A: Hydromorphone . [PubMed:29261877]

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on July 16, 2019 06:23

Hydromorphone

Identification

Structure for Hydromorphone (DB00327)

Pharmacology

Interactions

References

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Properties

Spectra

Taxonomy

Targets

References

References

References

Enzymes

References

References

References

References

Carriers

References