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IdentificationPharmacologyInteractionsReferencesTrialsEconomicsPropertiesSpectraTaxonomyIdentification
- Name
- Isoflurane
- Accession Number
- DB00753 (APRD00212)
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Vet approved
- Description
A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.
- Structure
Structure for DB00753 (Isoflurane)
- Synonyms
- 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether
- Isoflurane
- Isoflurano
- Isofluranum
- Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Forane Liquid 100 % Respiratory (inhalation) Baxter Laboratories 1996-12-31 Not applicable Canada 
Forane Inhalant 1 mL/mL Respiratory (inhalation) Baxter Laboratories 1979-12-18 Not applicable US 
Forane Liq Inh Liquid 100 % Respiratory (inhalation) Ohmeda Pharmaceutical Products, Division Of Boc Canada Limited 1994-12-31 1996-09-26 Canada Isoflurane USP Liquid 99.9 % Oral; Respiratory (inhalation) Abbvie 1993-12-31 Not applicable Canada Isoflurane USP Liquid 99.9 % Respiratory (inhalation) Fresenius Kabi 1997-11-14 Not applicable Canada Isoflurane USP Liquid 99.9 % Respiratory (inhalation) Halocarbon Laboratories, A Division Of Halocarbon Products Corp. 2004-11-03 Not applicable Canada Isoflurane USP Liquid 100 % Respiratory (inhalation) Technilab Pharma Inc. 1999-01-21 2008-08-05 Canada - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Isoflurane Liquid 1 mL/mL Respiratory (inhalation) Halocarbon Products Corp. 1999-10-20 Not applicable US Isoflurane Liquid 1 mL/mL Respiratory (inhalation) Piramal Critical Care Inc 2011-10-07 Not applicable US Isoflurane Liquid 1 mL/mL Respiratory (inhalation) Piramal Critical Care Inc 2013-11-13 Not applicable US Terrell Liquid 1 mL/mL Respiratory (inhalation) Piramal Critical Care Inc 2010-01-01 Not applicable US Terrell Liquid 1 mL/mL Respiratory (inhalation) Piramal Critical Care Inc 2012-03-21 Not applicable US - International/Other Brands
- Aerrane (Baxter) / Forene (Abbott) / Isocane (Lunan) / Isorane (Abbott)
- Categories
- Anesthetics
- Anesthetics, General
- Anesthetics, Inhalation
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Ethers
- Hydrocarbons, Halogenated
- Hypotensive Agents
- Methyl Ethers
- Nervous System
- QTc-Prolonging Agents (Indeterminate Risk and Risk Modifying)
- UNII
- CYS9AKD70P
- CAS number
- 26675-46-7
- Weight
- Average: 184.492
Monoisotopic: 183.971433418 - Chemical Formula
- C3H2ClF5O
- InChI Key
- PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C3H2ClF5O/c4-1(3(7,8)9)10-2(5)6/h1-2H
- IUPAC Name
- 2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane
- SMILES
- FC(F)OC(Cl)C(F)(F)F
Pharmacology
- Indication
For induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.
- Structured Indications
- Not Available
- Pharmacodynamics
Isoflurane is a general inhalation anesthetic used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It induces muscle relaxation and reduces pains sensitivity by altering tissue excitability. It does so by decreasing the extent of gap junction mediated cell-cell coupling and altering the activity of the channels that underlie the action potential.
- Mechanism of action
Isoflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Isoflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. Also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Isoflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca2+ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.
Target Actions Organism AGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 agonistHuman ACalcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 inhibitorHuman AGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1 agonistHuman AGlutamate receptor 1 antagonistHuman APotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 inducerHuman UATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial unknownHuman UCalmodulin other/unknownHuman AGABA-A receptor (anion channel) positive allosteric modulatorHuman - Absorption
- Not Available
- Volume of distribution
- Not Available
- Protein binding
- Not Available
- Metabolism
Minimal
- Route of elimination
- Not Available
- Half life
- Not Available
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Toxicity
LC50=15300 ppm/3 hrs (inhalation by rat)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Interacting Gene/Enzyme Allele name Genotype(s) Defining Change(s) Type(s) Description Details Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S --- Not Available c.3257G>A / c.520C>T ADR Inferred Malignant hyperthermia. Details Ryanodine receptor 1 --- Not Available c.103T>C / c.487C>T … show all ADR Inferred Malignant hyperthermia. Details
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction Drug group 7-Nitroindazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with 7-Nitroindazole. Experimental Acebutolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Acebutolol. Approved, Investigational Acepromazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Acepromazine. Approved, Vet Approved Aceprometazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Aceprometazine. Approved Adipiplon The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Adipiplon. Investigational Agomelatine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Agomelatine. Approved, Investigational Alaproclate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Alaproclate. Experimental Aldesleukin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Aldesleukin. Approved Alfaxalone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Alfaxalone. Vet Approved Alfentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Alfentanil. Approved, Illicit Aliskiren The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Aliskiren. Approved, Investigational Allopregnanolone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Allopregnanolone. Investigational Alphacetylmethadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Alphacetylmethadol. Experimental, Illicit Alphaprodine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Alphaprodine. Illicit Alprazolam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alprazolam is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Amifostine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amifostine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Amiloride The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Amiloride. Approved Amiodarone Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Amiodarone. Approved, Investigational Amisulpride The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Amisulpride. Approved, Investigational Amitriptyline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Amitriptyline. Approved Amlodipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Amlodipine. Approved Amobarbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Amobarbital. Approved, Illicit Amoxapine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Amoxapine. Approved Amperozide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Amperozide. Experimental Amphotericin B The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amphotericin B is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Amyl Nitrite The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Amyl Nitrite. Approved Anagrelide Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Anagrelide. Approved Apomorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Apraclonidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Apraclonidine. Approved Aripiprazole Aripiprazole may increase the hypotensive activities of Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Arotinolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Arotinolol is combined with Isoflurane. Investigational Arsenic trioxide Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Arsenic trioxide. Approved, Investigational Artemether Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Artemether. Approved Articaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Articaine. Approved Asenapine Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Asenapine. Approved Atenolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Atenolol. Approved Atracurium besylate Isoflurane may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Atracurium besylate. Approved Azaperone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Azaperone. Investigational, Vet Approved Azelastine Isoflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Azelastine. Approved Azilsartan medoxomil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Azilsartan medoxomil. Approved, Investigational Azithromycin Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Azithromycin. Approved Baclofen The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Baclofen. Approved Barbexaclone Barbexaclone may increase the hypotensive activities of Isoflurane. Experimental Barbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Barbital. Illicit Barnidipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Barnidipine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Bedaquiline Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Bedaquiline. Approved Benazepril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Benazepril. Approved, Investigational Bendroflumethiazide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Bendroflumethiazide. Approved Benperidol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Benperidol. Approved, Investigational Benzocaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Benzocaine. Approved, Investigational Benzyl alcohol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Benzyl alcohol. Approved Bepridil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bepridil is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Withdrawn Betaxolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Betaxolol. Approved, Investigational Bisoprolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Bisoprolol. Approved Bortezomib The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bortezomib is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Bretylium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Bretylium. Approved Brexpiprazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Brexpiprazole. Approved, Investigational Brimonidine Brimonidine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Isoflurane. Approved Bromazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Bromazepam. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Bromisoval The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Bromisoval. Experimental Bromocriptine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bromocriptine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Bromperidol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Bromperidol. Approved, Investigational Brompheniramine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Brompheniramine. Approved Brotizolam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Brotizolam. Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Bumetanide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Bumetanide. Approved Bupivacaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Bupivacaine. Approved, Investigational Buprenorphine Isoflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Buprenorphine. Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet Approved Buspirone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Buspirone is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Butabarbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Butabarbital is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Illicit Butacaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Butacaine. Vet Approved Butalbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Butalbital. Approved, Illicit Butamben The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Butamben. Approved, Withdrawn Butethal The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Butethal. Approved, Illicit Butorphanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Butorphanol is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Illicit, Vet Approved Canagliflozin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Canagliflozin. Approved Candesartan cilexetil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Candesartan cilexetil. Approved Canertinib The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Canertinib. Investigational Captopril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Captopril. Approved Carbamazepine The metabolism of Isoflurane can be increased when combined with Carbamazepine. Approved, Investigational Carbetocin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carbetocin is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Carbinoxamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Carbinoxamine. Approved Carfentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Carfentanil. Illicit, Investigational, Vet Approved Carisoprodol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Carisoprodol. Approved Carteolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Carteolol. Approved Carvedilol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Carvedilol. Approved, Investigational Ceritinib Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ceritinib. Approved Cetirizine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Cetirizine. Approved Chloral hydrate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Chloral hydrate. Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet Approved Chlordiazepoxide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlordiazepoxide is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Chlormezanone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Chlormezanone. Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Chloroprocaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Chloroprocaine. Approved Chloroquine Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Chloroquine. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Chlorothiazide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Chlorothiazide. Approved, Vet Approved Chlorphenamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Chlorphenamine. Approved Chlorpromazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorpromazine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Chlorprothixene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Chlorprothixene. Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Chlorthalidone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Chlorthalidone. Approved Chlorzoxazone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Chlorzoxazone. Approved Cilazapril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Cilazapril. Approved Cilnidipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cilnidipine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Cinchocaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Cinchocaine. Approved, Vet Approved Ciprofloxacin Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ciprofloxacin. Approved, Investigational Cisapride Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Cisapride. Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Citalopram Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Citalopram. Approved Clarithromycin Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Clarithromycin. Approved Clemastine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Clemastine. Approved, Investigational Clevidipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Clevidipine. Approved, Investigational Clidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Clidinium. Approved Clobazam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Clobazam. Approved, Illicit Clofarabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clofarabine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational clomethiazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with clomethiazole. Investigational Clomipramine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clomipramine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Clonazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Clonazepam. Approved, Illicit Clonidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Clonidine. Approved Clopenthixol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Clopenthixol. Experimental Clopidogrel The metabolism of Isoflurane can be decreased when combined with Clopidogrel. Approved Clorazepate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clorazepate is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Illicit Clothiapine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Clothiapine. Experimental Clotrimazole The metabolism of Isoflurane can be decreased when combined with Clotrimazole. Approved, Vet Approved Clozapine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clozapine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Cocaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Cocaine. Approved, Illicit Codeine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Codeine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Illicit Conivaptan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Conivaptan is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Crizotinib The metabolism of Isoflurane can be decreased when combined with Crizotinib. Approved Cyclizine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Cyclizine. Approved Cyclobenzaprine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Cyclobenzaprine. Approved Cyclopropane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Cyclopropane. Experimental Cyproheptadine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Cyproheptadine. Approved Cyproterone acetate The serum concentration of Isoflurane can be decreased when it is combined with Cyproterone acetate. Approved, Investigational Dabrafenib The serum concentration of Isoflurane can be decreased when it is combined with Dabrafenib. Approved, Investigational Dantrolene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dantrolene. Approved, Investigational Dapagliflozin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dapagliflozin. Approved Dapiprazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dapiprazole. Approved Dapoxetine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dapoxetine. Investigational Deramciclane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Deramciclane. Investigational Desflurane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Desflurane. Approved Desipramine The metabolism of Isoflurane can be decreased when combined with Desipramine. Approved, Investigational Desloratadine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Desloratadine. Approved, Investigational Desvenlafaxine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Desvenlafaxine. Approved, Investigational Detomidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Detomidine. Vet Approved Dexbrompheniramine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dexbrompheniramine. Approved Dexmedetomidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dexmedetomidine. Approved, Vet Approved Dextromoramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dextromoramide. Experimental, Illicit Dextropropoxyphene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dextropropoxyphene. Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Withdrawn Dezocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dezocine. Approved, Investigational Diazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Diazepam. Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet Approved Diclofenamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Diclofenamide. Approved, Investigational Diethyl ether The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Diethyl ether. Experimental Difenoxin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Difenoxin. Approved, Illicit Dihydrocodeine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dihydrocodeine. Approved, Illicit Dihydroetorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dihydroetorphine. Experimental, Illicit Dihydromorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dihydromorphine. Experimental, Illicit Diltiazem The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Diltiazem. Approved, Investigational Dimenhydrinate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dimenhydrinate. Approved Dinutuximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dinutuximab. Approved, Investigational Diphenhydramine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Diphenhydramine. Approved, Investigational Diphenoxylate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Diphenoxylate. Approved, Illicit Dipyridamole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dipyridamole. Approved Disopyramide Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Disopyramide. Approved Dixyrazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dixyrazine. Experimental Dofetilide Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Dofetilide. Approved, Investigational Dolasetron Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Dolasetron. Approved, Investigational Domperidone Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Domperidone. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Dopamine Isoflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Dopamine. Approved Doramectin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Doramectin. Vet Approved Doxazosin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Doxazosin. Approved Doxepin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Doxepin. Approved, Investigational Doxorubicin The metabolism of Isoflurane can be decreased when combined with Doxorubicin. Approved, Investigational Doxylamine Doxylamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Isoflurane. Approved, Vet Approved DPDPE The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with DPDPE. Experimental Dronabinol Dronabinol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Isoflurane. Approved, Illicit Dronedarone Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Dronedarone. Approved Droperidol Droperidol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Isoflurane. Approved, Vet Approved Drotebanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Drotebanol. Experimental, Illicit Duloxetine Isoflurane may increase the orthostatic hypotensive activities of Duloxetine. Approved Dyclonine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Dyclonine. Approved Ecgonine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ecgonine. Experimental, Illicit Ecopipam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ecopipam. Investigational Efavirenz The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Efavirenz. Approved, Investigational Efonidipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Efonidipine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Eliglustat Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Eliglustat. Approved Eltanolone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Eltanolone. Investigational Empagliflozin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Empagliflozin. Approved Enalapril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Enalapril. Approved, Vet Approved Enalaprilat The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Enalaprilat is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Enflurane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Enflurane. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Entacapone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Entacapone. Approved, Investigational Ephedra Isoflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Ephedra. Approved, Nutraceutical, Withdrawn Ephedrine Ephedrine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Isoflurane. Approved Epinephrine Isoflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Epinephrine. Approved, Vet Approved Eplerenone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Eplerenone. Approved Epoprostenol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Epoprostenol is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Eprosartan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Eprosartan. Approved Erythromycin Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Erythromycin. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Escitalopram Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Escitalopram. Approved, Investigational Esmolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Esmolol. Approved Estazolam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Estazolam. Approved, Illicit Eszopiclone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Eszopiclone is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Etacrynic acid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Etacrynic acid. Approved, Investigational Ethanol Isoflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Ethanol. Approved Ethchlorvynol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ethchlorvynol. Approved, Illicit, Withdrawn Ethosuximide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ethosuximide. Approved Ethotoin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ethotoin. Approved Ethyl carbamate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ethyl carbamate. Withdrawn Ethyl chloride The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ethyl chloride. Approved, Experimental, Investigational Ethyl loflazepate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ethyl loflazepate. Approved, Illicit Ethylmorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ethylmorphine. Approved, Illicit Etidocaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Etidocaine. Approved Etifoxine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Etifoxine. Investigational, Withdrawn Etizolam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Etizolam. Approved Etomidate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Etomidate. Approved Etoperidone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Etoperidone. Withdrawn Etorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Etorphine. Illicit, Vet Approved Ezogabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ezogabine. Approved, Investigational Felbamate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Felbamate. Approved Felodipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Felodipine. Approved, Investigational Fencamfamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Fencamfamine. Approved, Illicit, Withdrawn Fenoldopam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fenoldopam is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Fentanyl The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Fentanyl. Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet Approved Fexofenadine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Fexofenadine. Approved, Investigational Fimasartan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fimasartan is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Flecainide Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Flecainide. Approved, Withdrawn Flibanserin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Flibanserin. Approved, Investigational Fluanisone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Fluanisone. Experimental Fludiazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Fludiazepam. Approved, Illicit Flunarizine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Flunarizine. Approved Flunitrazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Flunitrazepam. Approved, Illicit Fluoxetine Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Fluoxetine. Approved, Vet Approved Flupentixol Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Flupentixol. Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Fluphenazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fluphenazine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Flurazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Flurazepam is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Fluspirilene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Fluspirilene. Approved, Investigational Fluticasone propionate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Fluticasone propionate. Approved Fluvoxamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Fluvoxamine. Approved, Investigational Formoterol Isoflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Formoterol. Approved, Investigational Fosinopril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Fosinopril. Approved Fosphenytoin The metabolism of Isoflurane can be increased when combined with Fosphenytoin. Approved, Investigational Fospropofol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Fospropofol. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Furosemide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Furosemide. Approved, Vet Approved Gabapentin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Gabapentin. Approved, Investigational Gabapentin Enacarbil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Gabapentin Enacarbil. Approved, Investigational Gadobenic acid Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Gadobenic acid. Approved, Investigational Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Gemifloxacin Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Gemifloxacin. Approved, Investigational Gepirone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Gepirone. Investigational Glutethimide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Glutethimide. Approved, Illicit Goserelin Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Goserelin. Approved Granisetron Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Granisetron. Approved, Investigational Guanfacine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Guanfacine. Approved, Investigational Halazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Halazepam. Approved, Illicit, Withdrawn Haloperidol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Haloperidol is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Halothane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Halothane. Approved, Vet Approved Heroin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Heroin. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Hexobarbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Hexobarbital. Approved Hydralazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Hydralazine. Approved Hydrochlorothiazide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Hydrochlorothiazide. Approved, Vet Approved Hydrocodone Isoflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Hydrocodone. Approved, Illicit Hydroflumethiazide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydroflumethiazide is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Hydromorphone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydromorphone is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Illicit Hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Isoflurane. Approved Ibutilide Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ibutilide. Approved Iloperidone Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Iloperidone. Approved Iloprost The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Iloprost is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Imidapril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Imidapril is combined with Isoflurane. Investigational Imipramine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Imipramine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Indalpine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Indalpine. Investigational, Withdrawn Indapamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Indapamide. Approved Indiplon The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Indiplon. Investigational Indoramin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Indoramin is combined with Isoflurane. Withdrawn Irbesartan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Irbesartan. Approved, Investigational Isavuconazole The serum concentration of Isoflurane can be decreased when it is combined with Isavuconazole. Approved, Investigational Isocarboxazid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isocarboxazid is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Isoniazid The metabolism of Isoflurane can be decreased when combined with Isoniazid. Approved, Investigational Isoprenaline Isoflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Isoprenaline. Approved, Investigational Isosorbide Dinitrate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Isosorbide Dinitrate. Approved, Investigational Isosorbide Mononitrate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Isosorbide Mononitrate. Approved Isoxsuprine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Isoxsuprine. Approved, Withdrawn Isradipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Isradipine. Approved, Investigational Ketamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ketamine. Approved, Vet Approved Ketazolam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ketazolam. Approved Ketobemidone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ketobemidone. Approved, Investigational Labetalol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Labetalol. Approved Lacidipine Isoflurane may increase the hypotensive activities of Lacidipine. Approved, Investigational Lamotrigine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Lamotrigine. Approved, Investigational Lenvatinib Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Lenvatinib. Approved, Investigational Lercanidipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Lercanidipine. Approved, Investigational Leuprolide Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Leuprolide. Approved, Investigational Levetiracetam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Levetiracetam. Approved, Investigational Levobunolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Levobunolol. Approved Levobupivacaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Levobupivacaine. Approved, Investigational Levocabastine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Levocabastine. Approved, Investigational Levocetirizine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Levocetirizine. Approved Levodopa Isoflurane may increase the orthostatic hypotensive activities of Levodopa. Approved Levofloxacin Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Levofloxacin. Approved, Investigational Levomethadyl Acetate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Levomethadyl Acetate. Approved, Investigational Levomilnacipran The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Levomilnacipran. Approved, Investigational Levorphanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Levorphanol. Approved Levosimendan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Levosimendan. Approved, Investigational Lidocaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Lidocaine. Approved, Vet Approved Lisinopril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Lisinopril. Approved, Investigational Lithium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Lithium. Approved Lofentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Lofentanil. Illicit Lofexidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Lofexidine. Approved, Investigational Lopinavir Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Lopinavir. Approved Loprazolam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Loprazolam. Experimental Loratadine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Loratadine. Approved, Investigational Lorazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lorazepam is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Lormetazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Lormetazepam. Approved Losartan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Losartan. Approved Loxapine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Loxapine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Lumacaftor The serum concentration of Isoflurane can be decreased when it is combined with Lumacaftor. Approved Lumefantrine Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Lumefantrine. Approved Lurasidone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Lurasidone. Approved, Investigational Magnesium sulfate The therapeutic efficacy of Isoflurane can be increased when used in combination with Magnesium sulfate. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Mannitol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Mannitol. Approved, Investigational Maprotiline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Maprotiline. Approved, Investigational Mebicar The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Mebicar. Experimental Mecamylamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Mecamylamine. Approved, Investigational Meclizine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Meclizine. Approved Medazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Medazepam. Experimental Medetomidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Medetomidine. Vet Approved Melatonin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Melatonin. Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet Approved Melperone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Melperone. Approved, Investigational Mepivacaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Mepivacaine. Approved, Vet Approved Meprobamate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Meprobamate is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Illicit Meptazinol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Meptazinol. Experimental Mesoridazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Mesoridazine. Approved, Investigational Metaxalone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Metaxalone. Approved Methadone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methadone is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Methadyl Acetate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Methadyl Acetate. Approved, Illicit Methapyrilene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Methapyrilene. Withdrawn Methaqualone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Methaqualone. Illicit, Withdrawn Methazolamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Methazolamide. Approved Methocarbamol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Methocarbamol. Approved, Vet Approved Methohexital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methohexital is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Methotrimeprazine Isoflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methotrimeprazine. Approved, Investigational Methoxyflurane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Methoxyflurane. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Methsuximide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Methsuximide. Approved Methyclothiazide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Methyclothiazide. Approved Methyldopa The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Methyldopa. Approved Methylecgonine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Methylecgonine. Experimental Methylphenidate Methylphenidate may increase the hypertensive activities of Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Methylphenobarbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Methylphenobarbital. Approved Metipranolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Metipranolol. Approved Metolazone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Metolazone. Approved Metoprolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Metoprolol. Approved, Investigational Metyrosine Isoflurane may increase the sedative activities of Metyrosine. Approved Midazolam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Midazolam is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Illicit Mifepristone Mifepristone may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Milnacipran The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Milnacipran. Approved, Investigational Minocycline Minocycline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Minoxidil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Minoxidil. Approved, Investigational Mirtazapine Isoflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Mirtazapine. Approved Mivacurium Isoflurane may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Mivacurium. Approved Moexipril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Moexipril. Approved Molindone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Molindone. Approved Morphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Morphine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Moxifloxacin Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Moxifloxacin. Approved, Investigational Moxonidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Moxonidine. Approved, Investigational Nabilone Nabilone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Nadolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nadolol. Approved Nalbuphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nalbuphine. Approved Nebivolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nebivolol. Approved, Investigational Nefazodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nefazodone. Approved, Withdrawn Nesiritide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nesiritide. Approved, Investigational Nevirapine The metabolism of Isoflurane can be increased when combined with Nevirapine. Approved Nicardipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nicardipine. Approved, Investigational Nicorandil Nicorandil may increase the hypotensive activities of Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Nicotine The metabolism of Isoflurane can be decreased when combined with Nicotine. Approved Nifedipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nifedipine. Approved Nilotinib Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Nilotinib. Approved, Investigational Nilvadipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nilvadipine. Approved, Investigational Nimodipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nimodipine. Approved, Investigational Nisoldipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nisoldipine. Approved Nitrazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nitrazepam. Approved Nitrendipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nitrendipine. Approved, Investigational Nitric Oxide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nitric Oxide. Approved Nitroglycerin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nitroglycerin. Approved, Investigational Nitroprusside The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nitroprusside. Approved, Investigational Nitrous acid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nitrous acid. Approved, Investigational Nitrous oxide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nitrous oxide. Approved, Vet Approved Norepinephrine Isoflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Norepinephrine. Approved Norflurane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Norflurane. Approved, Investigational Normethadone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Normethadone. Approved, Illicit Nortriptyline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Nortriptyline. Approved Obinutuzumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Obinutuzumab. Approved, Investigational Ofloxacin Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ofloxacin. Approved Olanzapine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Olanzapine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Olmesartan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Olmesartan. Approved, Investigational Olopatadine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Olopatadine. Approved Ondansetron The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ondansetron. Approved Opium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Opium. Approved, Illicit Orphenadrine Isoflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Orphenadrine. Approved Osanetant The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Osanetant. Investigational Oxazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Oxazepam. Approved Oxethazaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Oxethazaine. Approved, Investigational Oxprenolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Oxprenolol. Approved Oxybuprocaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Oxybuprocaine. Approved, Investigational Oxycodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxycodone is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Oxymorphone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Oxymorphone. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Paclitaxel The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Paclitaxel. Approved, Vet Approved Paliperidone Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Paliperidone. Approved Panobinostat Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Panobinostat. Approved, Investigational Papaverine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Papaverine. Approved, Investigational Paraldehyde Isoflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde. Approved, Investigational Paroxetine The metabolism of Isoflurane can be decreased when combined with Paroxetine. Approved, Investigational Pazopanib Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Pazopanib. Approved Penbutolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Penbutolol. Approved, Investigational Penfluridol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Penfluridol. Experimental Pentamidine Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Pentamidine. Approved, Investigational Pentazocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentazocine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Vet Approved Pentobarbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentobarbital is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Perampanel Perampanel may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Isoflurane. Approved Perazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Perazine. Approved, Investigational Perflutren Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Perflutren. Approved Perindopril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Perindopril. Approved Perospirone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Perospirone. Approved Perphenazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Perphenazine. Approved Pethidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pethidine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Phenazocine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Phenazocine. Experimental Phenelzine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Phenelzine. Approved Phenibut The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Phenibut. Experimental Phenobarbital The metabolism of Isoflurane can be increased when combined with Phenobarbital. Approved, Investigational Phenoperidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Phenoperidine. Experimental Phenoxybenzamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Phenoxybenzamine. Approved Phenoxyethanol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Phenoxyethanol. Approved Phentolamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Phentolamine. Approved Phenytoin The metabolism of Isoflurane can be increased when combined with Phenytoin. Approved, Vet Approved Pimozide Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Pimozide. Approved Pindolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Pindolol. Approved, Investigational Pipamperone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Pipamperone. Approved, Investigational Pipotiazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Pipotiazine. Approved, Investigational Piritramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Piritramide. Approved, Investigational Pitolisant The serum concentration of Isoflurane can be decreased when it is combined with Pitolisant. Approved, Investigational Pizotifen The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Pizotifen. Approved Pomalidomide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Pomalidomide. Approved Pramipexole Isoflurane may increase the sedative activities of Pramipexole. Approved, Investigational Pramocaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Pramocaine. Approved Prazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Prazepam. Approved, Illicit Prazosin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Prazosin. Approved Pregabalin The therapeutic efficacy of Isoflurane can be increased when used in combination with Pregabalin. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Prilocaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Prilocaine. Approved Primaquine Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Primaquine. Approved Primidone The metabolism of Isoflurane can be increased when combined with Primidone. Approved, Vet Approved Procainamide Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide. Approved Procaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Procaine. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Prochlorperazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prochlorperazine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Vet Approved Promazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Promazine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Vet Approved Promethazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Promethazine. Approved, Investigational Propafenone Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Propafenone. Approved Propanidid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Propanidid. Experimental Proparacaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Proparacaine. Approved, Vet Approved Propofol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Propofol. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Propoxycaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Propoxycaine. Approved Propranolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Propranolol. Approved, Investigational Protriptyline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Protriptyline. Approved Proxibarbal The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Proxibarbal. Experimental PSD502 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with PSD502. Investigational Quazepam The serum concentration of Isoflurane can be increased when it is combined with Quazepam. Approved, Illicit Quetiapine Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Quetiapine. Approved Quinapril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Quinapril. Approved, Investigational Quinidine Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Quinidine. Approved, Investigational Quinine Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Quinine. Approved Quinisocaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Quinisocaine. Experimental Raclopride The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Raclopride. Investigational Ramelteon The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ramelteon. Approved, Investigational Ramipril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ramipril. Approved Rapacuronium Isoflurane may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Rapacuronium. Withdrawn Rasagiline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Rasagiline. Approved Remifentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Remifentanil. Approved Remoxipride The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Remoxipride. Approved, Withdrawn Reserpine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Reserpine is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Rifampicin The metabolism of Isoflurane can be increased when combined with Rifampicin. Approved Riociguat The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Riociguat. Approved Risperidone Isoflurane may increase the hypotensive activities of Risperidone. Approved, Investigational Ritanserin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ritanserin. Investigational Romifidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Romifidine. Vet Approved Ropinirole Isoflurane may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole. Approved, Investigational Ropivacaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ropivacaine. Approved Rotigotine Isoflurane may increase the sedative activities of Rotigotine. Approved Rufinamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rufinamide is combined with Isoflurane. Approved Sacubitril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Sacubitril. Approved Saquinavir Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Saquinavir. Approved, Investigational Scopolamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Scopolamine. Approved, Investigational Secobarbital The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Secobarbital is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Vet Approved Selegiline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Selegiline. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Sepranolone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Sepranolone. Investigational Sertindole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Sertindole. Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Sertraline The metabolism of Isoflurane can be decreased when combined with Sertraline. Approved Sevoflurane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Sevoflurane. Approved, Vet Approved Sodium oxybate Sodium oxybate may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Isoflurane. Approved Sorafenib The metabolism of Isoflurane can be decreased when combined with Sorafenib. Approved, Investigational Sotalol Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Sotalol. Approved Spironolactone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Spironolactone. Approved Stiripentol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Stiripentol. Approved Streptokinase The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Streptokinase. Approved, Investigational Sufentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sufentanil is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Sulfisoxazole Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Sulfisoxazole. Approved, Vet Approved Sulpiride The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Sulpiride. Approved, Investigational Sultopride The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Sultopride. Experimental Suvorexant Isoflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Suvorexant. Approved, Investigational Tamsulosin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tamsulosin. Approved, Investigational Tandospirone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tandospirone. Investigational Tapentadol Tapentadol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Isoflurane. Approved Tasimelteon The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tasimelteon. Approved, Investigational Telavancin Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Telavancin. Approved Telithromycin Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Telithromycin. Approved Telmisartan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Telmisartan. Approved, Investigational Temazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Terazosin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Terazosin. Approved Tetrabenazine Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Tetrabenazine. Approved, Investigational Tetracaine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tetracaine. Approved, Vet Approved Tetrahydropalmatine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tetrahydropalmatine. Investigational Tetrodotoxin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tetrodotoxin. Investigational Thalidomide Isoflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Thalidomide. Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Thiamylal The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Thiamylal. Approved, Vet Approved Thiopental The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Thiopental. Approved, Vet Approved Thioridazine Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Thioridazine. Approved, Withdrawn Thiotepa The metabolism of Isoflurane can be decreased when combined with Thiotepa. Approved, Investigational Thiothixene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Thiothixene. Approved Tiagabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tiagabine. Approved, Investigational Tiapride The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tiapride. Approved, Investigational Ticlopidine The metabolism of Isoflurane can be decreased when combined with Ticlopidine. Approved Tiletamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tiletamine. Vet Approved Tilidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tilidine. Experimental Timolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Timolol. Approved Tizanidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tizanidine. Approved, Investigational Tolazoline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tolazoline. Approved, Vet Approved Tolcapone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tolcapone. Approved, Withdrawn Topiramate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Topiramate. Approved Torasemide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Torasemide. Approved Toremifene Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Toremifene. Approved, Investigational Tramadol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tramadol is combined with Isoflurane. Approved, Investigational Trandolapril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Trandolapril. Approved Tranylcypromine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tranylcypromine. Approved, Investigational Trazodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Trazodone. Approved, Investigational Tretinoin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tretinoin. Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical Triamterene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Triamterene. Approved Triazolam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Triazolam. Approved, Investigational Tricaine methanesulfonate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Tricaine methanesulfonate. Vet Approved Trichloroethylene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Trichloroethylene. Approved Trifluoperazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Trifluoperazine. Approved, Investigational Trifluperidol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Trifluperidol. Experimental Triflupromazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Triflupromazine. Approved, Vet Approved Trimipramine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Trimipramine. Approved Triprolidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Triprolidine. Approved Valproic Acid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Valproic Acid. Approved, Investigational Valsartan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Valsartan. Approved, Investigational Vandetanib Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Vandetanib. Approved Vemurafenib The serum concentration of Isoflurane can be decreased when it is combined with Vemurafenib. Approved Venlafaxine The metabolism of Isoflurane can be decreased when combined with Venlafaxine. Approved Veralipride The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Veralipride. Experimental Verapamil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Verapamil. Approved Vigabatrin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Vigabatrin. Approved Vinyl ether The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Vinyl ether. Experimental Vortioxetine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Vortioxetine. Approved, Investigational Xenon The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Xenon. Experimental Xylazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Xylazine. Vet Approved Zaleplon The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Zaleplon. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Ziconotide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Ziconotide. Approved Zimelidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Zimelidine. Withdrawn Ziprasidone Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ziprasidone. Approved Zolazepam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Zolazepam. Vet Approved Zolpidem Isoflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Zolpidem. Approved Zonisamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Zonisamide. Approved, Investigational Zopiclone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Zopiclone. Approved Zotepine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Zotepine. Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Zuclopenthixol Isoflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Zuclopenthixol. Approved, Investigational - Food Interactions
- Not Available
References
- Synthesis Reference
Leonid A. Rozov, Fernando Quiroz, Gerald G. Vernice, "Preparation of isoflurane." U.S. Patent US5416244, issued March, 1973.
US5416244- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014891
- KEGG Drug
- D00545
- KEGG Compound
- C07518
- PubChem Compound
- 3763
- PubChem Substance
- 46505880
- ChemSpider
- 3631
- ChEBI
- 6015
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1256
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP001033
- PharmGKB
- PA450106
- HET
- ICF
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Isoflurane
- ATC Codes
- N01AB06 — Isoflurane
- AHFS Codes
- 28:04.16 — Inhalation Anesthetics
- FDA label
- Download (99.6 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (37 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia critical care
- Halocarbon products corp
- Hospira inc
- Marsam pharmaceuticals llc
- Piramal critical care inc
- Rhodia ltd
- Packagers
- Apothecon
- Baxter International Inc.
- Halocarbon Laboratories
- Hospira Inc.
- Minrad Inc.
- Nicholas Pirmal India Ltd. Uk
- Rhodia Organique Fine Ltd.
- Rx Elite
- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Inhalant Respiratory (inhalation) 1 mL/mL Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 100 % Liquid Oral; Respiratory (inhalation) 99.9 % Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 99.9 % Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 1 mL/mL - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Forane liquid 0.24USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 48-48.5 U.S. Patent 3,535,388. boiling point (°C) 48.5 °C PhysProp water solubility 4470 mg/L (at 37 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992) logP 2.06 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 3.56 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.3 ALOGPS logP 2.84 ChemAxon logS -1.7 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Basic) -4.7 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 1 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 9.23 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 3 ChemAxon Refractivity 23.04 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 9.73 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 0 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule Yes ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 1.0 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.994 Caco-2 permeable + 0.6125 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.8919 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9553 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9297 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9293 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8407 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9116 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.7179 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.5701 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8112 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9408 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.5794 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9604 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8702 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9132 Carcinogenicity Carcinogens 0.7574 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9642 Rat acute toxicity 1.3804 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9576 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9032
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (7.33 KB)
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) MS splash10-0udi-9300000000-c134e176400bbe7073c2 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Taxonomy
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organofluorides. These are compounds containing a chemical bond between a carbon atom and a fluorine atom.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organohalogen compounds
- Class
- Organofluorides
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Organofluorides
- Alternative Parents
- Organooxygen compounds / Organochlorides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Alkyl fluorides / Alkyl chlorides
- Substituents
- Organic oxygen compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organooxygen compound / Organofluoride / Organochloride / Alkyl halide / Alkyl fluoride / Alkyl chloride / Aliphatic acyclic compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- organofluorine compound (CHEBI:6015)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine...
- Gene Name
- GABRA1
- Uniprot ID
- P14867
- Uniprot Name
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
- Molecular Weight
- 51801.395 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
- McCracken ML, Borghese CM, Trudell JR, Harris RA: A transmembrane amino acid in the GABAA receptor beta2 subunit critical for the actions of alcohols and anesthetics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 Dec;335(3):600-6. doi: 10.1124/jpet.110.170472. Epub 2010 Sep 8. [PubMed:20826568]
- Seo K, Seino H, Yoshikawa H, Petrenko AB, Baba H, Fujiwara N, Someya G, Kawano Y, Maeda T, Matsuda M, Kanematsu T, Hirata M: Genetic reduction of GABA(A) receptor gamma2 subunit expression potentiates the immobilizing action of isoflurane. Neurosci Lett. 2010 Mar 12;472(1):1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.01.031. Epub 2010 Jan 25. [PubMed:20097266]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Signal transducer activity
- Specific Function
- This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of the calcium.
- Gene Name
- ATP2C1
- Uniprot ID
- P98194
- Uniprot Name
- Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 100576.42 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
- Kosk-Kosicka D, Roszczynska G: Inhibition of plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase activity by volatile anesthetics. Anesthesiology. 1993 Oct;79(4):774-80. [PubMed:8214757]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name
- GLRA1
- Uniprot ID
- P23415
- Uniprot Name
- Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1
- Molecular Weight
- 52623.35 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
- Grasshoff C, Antkowiak B: Effects of isoflurane and enflurane on GABAA and glycine receptors contribute equally to depressant actions on spinal ventral horn neurones in rats. Br J Anaesth. 2006 Nov;97(5):687-94. Epub 2006 Sep 13. [PubMed:16973644]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Pdz domain binding
- Specific Function
- Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a co...
- Gene Name
- GRIA1
- Uniprot ID
- P42261
- Uniprot Name
- Glutamate receptor 1
- Molecular Weight
- 101505.245 Da
References
- Guo L, Wang Y: Glutamate stimulates glutamate receptor interacting protein 1 degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome system to regulate surface expression of GluR2. Neuroscience. 2007 Mar 2;145(1):100-9. Epub 2007 Jan 3. [PubMed:17207582]
- Dildy-Mayfield JE, Eger EI 2nd, Harris RA: Anesthetics produce subunit-selective actions on glutamate receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Mar;276(3):1058-65. [PubMed:8786535]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Voltage-gated potassium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and the central nervous system, but also in the kidney (PubMed:1990381...
- Gene Name
- KCNA1
- Uniprot ID
- Q09470
- Uniprot Name
- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 56465.01 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
- Matchett GA, Allard MW, Martin RD, Zhang JH: Neuroprotective effect of volatile anesthetic agents: molecular mechanisms. Neurol Res. 2009 Mar;31(2):128-34. doi: 10.1179/174313209X393546. [PubMed:19298752]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport comp...
- Gene Name
- ATP5D
- Uniprot ID
- P30049
- Uniprot Name
- ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 17489.755 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Other/unknown
- General Function
- Titin binding
- Specific Function
- Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins by Ca(2+). Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-Ca(2+) complex are a number...
- Gene Name
- CALM1
- Uniprot ID
- P0DP23
- Uniprot Name
- Calmodulin
- Molecular Weight
- 16837.47 Da
References
- Fan RS, Jacamo RO, Jiang X, Sinnett-Smith J, Rozengurt E: G protein-coupled receptor activation rapidly stimulates focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation at Ser-843. Mediation by Ca2+, calmodulin, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 24;280(25):24212-20. Epub 2005 Apr 21. [PubMed:15845548]
- Bickler PE, Zhan X, Fahlman CS: Isoflurane preconditions hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation: role of intracellular Ca2+ and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Anesthesiology. 2005 Sep;103(3):532-9. [PubMed:16129978]
- Sazonova OV, Blishchenko EY, Tolmazova AG, Khachin DP, Leontiev KV, Karelin AA, Ivanov VT: Stimulation of fibroblast proliferation by neokyotorphin requires Ca influx and activation of PKA, CaMK II and MAPK/ERK. FEBS J. 2007 Jan;274(2):474-84. [PubMed:17229152]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Positive allosteric modulator
- General Function
- Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine...
Components:
References
- ChEMBL Compound Report Card [Link]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic ...
- Gene Name
- CYP2E1
- Uniprot ID
- P05181
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2E1
- Molecular Weight
- 56848.42 Da
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
- Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitorInducer
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID
- P20813
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2B6
- Molecular Weight
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- MT-ND1
- Uniprot ID
- P03886
- Uniprot Name
- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1
- Molecular Weight
- 35660.055 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
- Hanley PJ, Ray J, Brandt U, Daut J: Halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane inhibit NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) of cardiac mitochondria. J Physiol. 2002 Nov 1;544(Pt 3):687-93. [PubMed:12411515]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Toxic substance binding
- Specific Function
- Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
- Gene Name
- ALB
- Uniprot ID
- P02768
- Uniprot Name
- Serum albumin
- Molecular Weight
- 69365.94 Da
References
- Liu R, Eckenhoff RG: Weak polar interactions confer albumin binding site selectivity for haloether anesthetics. Anesthesiology. 2005 Apr;102(4):799-805. [PubMed:15791110]
- Sawas AH, Pentyala SN, Rebecchi MJ: Binding of volatile anesthetics to serum albumin: measurements of enthalpy and solvent contributions. Biochemistry. 2004 Oct 5;43(39):12675-85. [PubMed:15449957]
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on April 23, 2018 23:03