Pentoxifylline - DrugBank

ID Pharmacology Interactions References Trials Economics Properties Spectra Taxonomy

Targets (6)Enzymes (1)

Targets (6)Enzymes (1)Biointeractions (8)

Identification

Name

Pentoxifylline

Accession Number

DB00806 (APRD00121)

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Investigational

Description

A methylxanthine derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production. [PubChem]

Structure

MOL SDF 3D-SDF PDB SMILES InChI View 3D Structure

Synonyms

Oxpentifylline

Pentoxifilina

Pentoxifyllin

Pentoxifylline

Pentoxifyllinum

Pentoxil

Trental

External IDs

BL 191 / PTX

Product Ingredients

Not Available

Approved Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Nu-pentoxifylline-SR 400 mg	Tablet, extended release	400 mg	Oral	Nu Pharm Inc	1998-03-18	2012-09-04	Canada
Pentoxifylline SR	Tablet, extended release	400 mg	Oral	Aa Pharma Inc	1997-01-14	Not applicable	Canada
Ratio-pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg	Oral	Ratiopharm Inc Division Of Teva Canada Limited	1997-04-15	2010-08-02	Canada
Trental	Tablet, extended release	400 mg	Oral	Sanofi Aventis	1996-10-23	2013-03-01	Canada
Trental Srt 400mg	Tablet, extended release	400 mg	Oral	Hoechst Roussel Canada Inc.	1993-12-31	1998-08-12	Canada
Trental Tab 400mg	Tablet, extended release	400 mg	Oral	Hoechst Canada Inc.	1984-12-31	1996-08-29	Canada

Approved Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Oceanside Pharmaceuticals	2014-08-22	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, film coated, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Cardinal Health	2010-07-23	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Aidarex Pharmaceuticals LLC	1999-06-10	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, film coated, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Mc Kesson Contract Packaging	2012-01-30	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	State of Florida DOH Central Pharmacy	2009-07-01	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, film coated, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Mylan Pharmaceuticals	1997-07-08	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, film coated, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Cardinal Health	2009-09-21	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Av Kare, Inc.	2013-07-31	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Apotex Corporation	1999-06-10	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, film coated, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	State of Florida DOH Central Pharmacy	2009-07-01	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Nucare Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	1999-06-10	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, film coated, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Cardinal Health	1999-06-10	2016-03-11	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Lake Erie Medical Dba Quality Care Produts Llc	1998-07-31	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Aphena Pharma Solutions Tennessee, Inc.	2014-08-22	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2003-03-25	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Pd Rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2010-11-15	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Teva	1998-07-31	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Golden State Medical Supply	2001-06-18	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, film coated, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Mylan Institutional	1998-01-15	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	A S Medication Solutions	1998-07-31	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Major	1999-06-10	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, film coated, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Ncs Health Care Of Ky, Inc Dba Vangard Labs	2009-09-21	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	bryant ranch prepack	1999-06-10	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, film coated, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Remedy Repack	2013-03-29	2017-01-27	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Preferreed Pharmaceuticals Inc.	2012-09-28	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Lake Erie Medical Dba Quality Care Produts Llc	1999-06-10	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Cardinal Health	2004-02-16	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Stat Rx USA	1998-07-20	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	Aphena Pharma Solutions Tennessee, Inc.	1999-06-10	Not applicable	US
Pentoxifylline	Tablet, film coated, extended release	400 mg/1	Oral	State of Florida DOH Central Pharmacy	2009-07-01	Not applicable	US

Approved Over the Counter Products

Not Available

Unapproved/Other Products

Not Available

International Brands

Name	Company
Agapurin	Zentiva
Agapurin SR	Zentiva
An Ruo Ning	Nanjing Yaoda Bio-Pharmaceutical
Angiopent	Helcor
Ao Le Ni	C & O Pharmaceuticals
Ao Nuo Hong	AosaiKang Pharmaceutical
Aotong	Treeful Pharmaceutical
Azupentat	Not Available
Behrifil	Sanofi-Aventis
Bo Shu Te	Jisheng Pharmaceutical
Claudicat	Nycomed
Durapental	Mylan dura
Elorgan	Sanofi Aventis
Endopentoksas	Endokriniai
Pentilin	Krka
Pentilin Retard	Krka
Pentoflux	Bouchara-Recordati
Pentofyllin	Sopharma
Pentoksifilin	Panfarma
Pentolab	Lamsa
Pentomer	ratiopharm
Pentoxil	Upsher-Smith
Rentylin	Amdipharm
Torental	Sanofi-Aventis
Trentilin Retard	Santa-Farma

Brand mixtures

Name	Labeller	Ingredients
Gapeam Budibac	Alvix Laboratories	Amantadine Baclofen Bupivacaine Cyclobenzaprine Diclofenac Gabapentin Pentoxifylline

Categories

UNII

SD6QCT3TSU

CAS number

6493-05-6

Weight

Average: 278.307
Monoisotopic: 278.137890462

Chemical Formula

C₁₃H₁₈N₄O₃

InChI Key

BYPFEZZEUUWMEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C13H18N4O3/c1-9(18)6-4-5-7-17-12(19)10-11(14-8-15(10)2)16(3)13(17)20/h8H,4-7H2,1-3H3

IUPAC Name

3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione

SMILES

CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(CCCCC(C)=O)C(=O)N2C

Pharmacology

Indication

For the treatment of patients with intermittent lameness or immobility arising from chronic occlusive arterial disease of the limbs.

Structured Indications

Pharmacodynamics

Pentoxifylline, a synthetic dimethylxanthine derivative structurally related to theophylline and caffeine, is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.

Mechanism of action

Pentoxifylline inhibits erythrocyte phosphodiesterase, resulting in an increase in erythrocyte cAMP activity. Subsequently, the erythrocyte membrane becomes more resistant to deformity. Along with erythrocyte activity, pentoxifylline also decreases blood viscosity by reducing plasma fibrinogen concentrations and increasing fibrinolytic activity. It is also a non selective adenosine receptor antagonist.

Target	Kind	Pharmacological action	Actions	Organism	UniProt ID
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B	Protein	yes	inhibitor	Human	Q07343	details
Adenosine receptor A1	Protein	yes	antagonist	Human	P30542	details
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase	Protein	yes	inhibitor	Human	O76074	details
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A	Protein	yes	inhibitor	Human	P27815	details
Adenosine receptor A2a	Protein	yes	antagonist	Human	P29274	details
5'-nucleotidase	Protein	unknown	inhibitor	Human	P21589	details

Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

70%

Metabolism

Not Available

Route of elimination

Excretion is almost totally urinary; the main biotransformation product is Metabolite V. Essentially no parent drug is found in the urine.

Half life

0.4-0.8 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Toxicity

LD₅₀=1385 mg/kg(orally in mice)

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Drug	Interaction	Drug group
Abciximab	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Abciximab.	Approved
Abiraterone	The serum concentration of Pentoxifylline can be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone.	Approved
Acebutolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Acebutolol.	Approved
Acenocoumarol	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Acenocoumarol.	Approved
Acetylsalicylic acid	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Acetylsalicylic acid.	Approved, Vet Approved
Aliskiren	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Aliskiren.	Approved, Investigational
Alprenolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Alprenolol.	Approved, Withdrawn
Alprostadil	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Alprostadil.	Approved, Investigational
Alteplase	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Alteplase.	Approved
Ambrisentan	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Ambrisentan.	Approved, Investigational
Ambroxol acefyllinate	The serum concentration of Ambroxol acefyllinate can be increased when it is combined with Pentoxifylline.	Experimental
Aminophylline	The serum concentration of Aminophylline can be increased when it is combined with Pentoxifylline.	Approved
Aminosalicylic Acid	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentoxifylline is combined with Aminosalicylic Acid.	Approved
Amlodipine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Amlodipine.	Approved
Anagrelide	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Anagrelide.	Approved
Ancrod	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod.	Investigational
Anistreplase	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Anistreplase.	Approved
Antithrombin III human	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Antithrombin III human.	Approved
Apixaban	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentoxifylline is combined with Apixaban.	Approved
Ardeparin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ardeparin.	Approved, Withdrawn
Argatroban	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Argatroban.	Approved, Investigational
Atenolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Atenolol.	Approved
Azelastine	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Azelastine.	Approved
Azithromycin	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when combined with Azithromycin.	Approved
Balsalazide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentoxifylline is combined with Balsalazide.	Approved, Investigational
Becaplermin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Becaplermin.	Approved, Investigational
Bemiparin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Bemiparin.	Approved
Benazepril	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Benazepril.	Approved, Investigational
Bendroflumethiazide	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Bendroflumethiazide.	Approved
Bepridil	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Bepridil.	Approved, Withdrawn
Beraprost	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Beraprost.	Investigational
Betaxolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Betaxolol.	Approved
Bethanidine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Bethanidine.	Approved
Bimatoprost	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Bimatoprost.	Approved, Investigational
Bisoprolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Bisoprolol.	Approved
Bivalirudin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Bivalirudin.	Approved, Investigational
Bortezomib	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when combined with Bortezomib.	Approved, Investigational
Bosentan	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Bosentan.	Approved, Investigational
Bretylium	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Bretylium.	Approved
Brimonidine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Brimonidine.	Approved
Bupranolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Bupranolol.	Approved
Caffeine	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when combined with Caffeine.	Approved
Candesartan	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Candesartan.	Approved
Candoxatril	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Candoxatril.	Experimental
Cangrelor	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Cangrelor.	Approved
Captopril	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Captopril.	Approved
Carbamazepine	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be increased when combined with Carbamazepine.	Approved, Investigational
Carteolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Carteolol.	Approved
Carvedilol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Carvedilol.	Approved, Investigational
Celiprolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Celiprolol.	Approved, Investigational
Certoparin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Certoparin.	Approved
Chlorothiazide	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Chlorothiazide.	Approved, Vet Approved
Chlorthalidone	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Chlorthalidone.	Approved
Cilazapril	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Cilazapril.	Approved
Cilostazol	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Cilostazol.	Approved
Cimetidine	The serum concentration of Pentoxifylline can be increased when it is combined with Cimetidine.	Approved
Citalopram	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when combined with Citalopram.	Approved
Citric Acid	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Citric Acid.	Nutraceutical, Vet Approved
Clonidine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Clonidine.	Approved
Clopidogrel	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Clopidogrel.	Approved, Nutraceutical
Clotrimazole	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when combined with Clotrimazole.	Approved, Vet Approved
Cryptenamine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Cryptenamine.	Approved
Cyclothiazide	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Cyclothiazide.	Approved
Cyproterone acetate	The serum concentration of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when it is combined with Cyproterone acetate.	Approved, Investigational
Dabigatran etexilate	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dabigatran etexilate.	Approved
Dalteparin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dalteparin.	Approved
Dasatinib	Dasatinib may increase the anticoagulant activities of Pentoxifylline.	Approved, Investigational
Debrisoquin	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Debrisoquin.	Approved
Deferasirox	The serum concentration of Pentoxifylline can be increased when it is combined with Deferasirox.	Approved, Investigational
Defibrotide	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Defibrotide.	Approved, Investigational
Deoxycholic Acid	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentoxifylline is combined with Deoxycholic Acid.	Approved
Deserpidine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Deserpidine.	Approved
Desirudin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Desirudin.	Approved
Desmoteplase	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Desmoteplase.	Investigational
Dextran	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dextran.	Approved, Vet Approved
Dextran 40	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dextran 40.	Approved
Diazoxide	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Diazoxide.	Approved
Dicoumarol	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Dicoumarol.	Approved
Diflunisal	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentoxifylline is combined with Diflunisal.	Approved
Diltiazem	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Diltiazem.	Approved
Dipyridamole	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Dipyridamole.	Approved
Ditazole	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ditazole.	Approved, Withdrawn
Dorzolamide	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Dorzolamide.	Approved
Doxazosin	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Doxazosin.	Approved
Drotrecogin alfa	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Drotrecogin alfa.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Dyphylline	The serum concentration of Dyphylline can be increased when it is combined with Pentoxifylline.	Approved
Edetic Acid	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Edetic Acid.	Approved, Vet Approved
Edoxaban	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Edoxaban.	Approved
Efonidipine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Efonidipine.	Approved
Enalapril	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Enalapril.	Approved, Vet Approved
Enalaprilat	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Enalaprilat.	Approved
Enoxaparin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Enoxaparin.	Approved
Epinastine	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Epinastine.	Approved, Investigational
Epoprostenol	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Epoprostenol.	Approved
Eprosartan	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Eprosartan.	Approved
Eptifibatide	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Eptifibatide.	Approved, Investigational
Ethyl biscoumacetate	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ethyl biscoumacetate.	Withdrawn
Felodipine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Felodipine.	Approved, Investigational
Fenoldopam	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Fenoldopam.	Approved
Fibrinolysin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Plasmin.	Investigational
Fluvoxamine	The serum concentration of Pentoxifylline can be increased when it is combined with Fluvoxamine.	Approved, Investigational
Fondaparinux sodium	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Fondaparinux sodium.	Approved, Investigational
Fosinopril	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Fosinopril.	Approved
Gabexate	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Gabexate.	Investigational
Glucosamine	Glucosamine may increase the antiplatelet activities of Pentoxifylline.	Approved
Guanabenz	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Guanabenz.	Approved
Guanadrel	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Guanadrel.	Approved
Guanethidine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Guanethidine.	Approved
Guanfacine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Guanfacine.	Approved, Investigational
Heparin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Heparin.	Approved, Investigational
Hexamethonium	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Hexamethonium.	Experimental
Hydralazine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Hydralazine.	Approved
Hydrochlorothiazide	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Hydrochlorothiazide.	Approved, Vet Approved
Hydroflumethiazide	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Hydroflumethiazide.	Approved
Ibritumomab tiuxetan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentoxifylline is combined with Ibritumomab tiuxetan.	Approved
Ibrutinib	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ibrutinib is combined with Pentoxifylline.	Approved
Ibudilast	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ibudilast.	Approved, Investigational
Icosapent ethyl	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Icosapent ethyl.	Approved, Nutraceutical
Ifenprodil	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ifenprodil.	Approved, Withdrawn
Iloprost	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Iloprost.	Approved, Investigational
Indapamide	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Indapamide.	Approved
Indenolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Indenolol.	Withdrawn
Indoramin	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Indoramin.	Withdrawn
Irbesartan	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Irbesartan.	Approved, Investigational
Isradipine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Isradipine.	Approved
Ketorolac	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ketorolac is combined with Pentoxifylline.	Approved
Labetalol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Labetalol.	Approved
Lacidipine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Lacidipine.	Approved
Latanoprost	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Latanoprost.	Approved, Investigational
Lepirudin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Lepirudin.	Approved
Lercanidipine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Lercanidipine.	Approved, Investigational
Lidocaine	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when combined with Lidocaine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Limaprost	Limaprost may increase the antiplatelet activities of Pentoxifylline.	Approved
Lisinopril	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Lisinopril.	Approved, Investigational
Lofexidine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Lofexidine.	Approved, Investigational
Losartan	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Losartan.	Approved
Macitentan	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Macitentan.	Approved
Manidipine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Manidipine.	Approved
Mecamylamine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Mecamylamine.	Approved
Mesalazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentoxifylline is combined with Mesalazine.	Approved
Methyldopa	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Methyldopa.	Approved
Metipranolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Metipranolol.	Approved
Metolazone	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Metolazone.	Approved
Metoprolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Metoprolol.	Approved, Investigational
Metyrosine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Metyrosine.	Approved
Mexiletine	The serum concentration of Pentoxifylline can be increased when it is combined with Mexiletine.	Approved
Mibefradil	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Mibefradil.	Withdrawn
Milrinone	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Milrinone.	Approved
Minoxidil	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Minoxidil.	Approved
Moexipril	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Moexipril.	Approved
Moxonidine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Moxonidine.	Approved
Nadolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Nadolol.	Approved
Nadroparin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Nadroparin.	Approved
Nafamostat	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Nafamostat.	Approved, Investigational
NCX 4016	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of NCX 4016.	Investigational
Nebivolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Nebivolol.	Approved, Investigational
Nevirapine	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when combined with Nevirapine.	Approved
Nicardipine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Nicardipine.	Approved
Nicorandil	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Nicorandil.	Approved
Niguldipine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Niguldipine.	Experimental
Nilvadipine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Nilvadipine.	Approved
Nimesulide	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Nimesulide.	Approved, Withdrawn
Nimodipine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Nimodipine.	Approved
Nisoldipine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Nisoldipine.	Approved
Nitrendipine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Nitrendipine.	Approved
Nitroprusside	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Nitroprusside.	Approved
Obinutuzumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentoxifylline is combined with Obinutuzumab.	Approved
Olmesartan	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Olmesartan.	Approved, Investigational
Olsalazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentoxifylline is combined with Olsalazine.	Approved
Omapatrilat	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Omapatrilat.	Investigational
Omega-3 fatty acids	Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the antiplatelet activities of Pentoxifylline.	Approved, Nutraceutical
Osimertinib	The serum concentration of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when it is combined with Osimertinib.	Approved
Oxprenolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Oxprenolol.	Approved
Pargyline	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Pargyline.	Approved
Parnaparin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Parnaparin.	Approved
Peginterferon alfa-2b	The serum concentration of Pentoxifylline can be increased when it is combined with Peginterferon alfa-2b.	Approved
Penbutolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Penbutolol.	Approved, Investigational
Pentolinium	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Pentolinium.	Approved
Pentosan Polysulfate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentosan Polysulfate is combined with Pentoxifylline.	Approved
Perindopril	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Perindopril.	Approved
Phenindione	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Phenindione.	Approved
Phenobarbital	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be increased when combined with Phenobarbital.	Approved
Phenoxybenzamine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Phenoxybenzamine.	Approved
Phenprocoumon	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Phenprocoumon.	Approved
Phentolamine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Phentolamine.	Approved
Pindolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Pindolol.	Approved
Polythiazide	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Polythiazide.	Approved
Prasugrel	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Prasugrel.	Approved
Prazosin	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Prazosin.	Approved
Primidone	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be increased when combined with Primidone.	Approved, Vet Approved
Propranolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Propranolol.	Approved, Investigational
Protein S human	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Protein S human.	Approved
Quinapril	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Quinapril.	Approved, Investigational
Ramipril	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Ramipril.	Approved
Remikiren	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Remikiren.	Approved
Rescinnamine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Rescinnamine.	Approved
Reserpine	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Reserpine.	Approved
Resveratrol	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Resveratrol.	Experimental, Investigational
Reteplase	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Reteplase.	Approved
Reviparin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Reviparin.	Approved
Ridogrel	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ridogrel.	Approved
Rifampicin	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be increased when combined with Rifampicin.	Approved
Riociguat	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Riociguat.	Approved
Rivaroxaban	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Rivaroxaban.	Approved
Ropinirole	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when combined with Ropinirole.	Approved, Investigational
Rosiglitazone	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Rosiglitazone.	Approved, Investigational
Salicylic acid	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentoxifylline is combined with Salicylic acid.	Approved, Vet Approved
Saprisartan	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Saprisartan.	Experimental
Selexipag	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Selexipag.	Approved
Sevoflurane	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Sevoflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Simeprevir	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when combined with Simeprevir.	Approved
Sitaxentan	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Sitaxentan.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Spirapril	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Spirapril.	Approved
SRT501	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of SRT501.	Investigational
Streptokinase	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Streptokinase.	Approved
Sulodexide	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Sulodexide.	Approved, Investigational
Telmisartan	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Telmisartan.	Approved, Investigational
Temocapril	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Temocapril.	Experimental, Investigational
Tenecteplase	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Tenecteplase.	Approved
Tenofovir	The metabolism of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when combined with Tenofovir.	Approved, Investigational
Teriflunomide	The serum concentration of Pentoxifylline can be decreased when it is combined with Teriflunomide.	Approved
Terlipressin	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Terlipressin.	Approved, Investigational
Tesmilifene	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Tesmilifene.	Investigational
Theophylline	The serum concentration of Theophylline can be increased when it is combined with Pentoxifylline.	Approved
Tibolone	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Tibolone.	Approved
Ticagrelor	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ticagrelor.	Approved
Ticlopidine	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Ticlopidine.	Approved
Ticrynafen	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Ticrynafen.	Withdrawn
Timolol	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Timolol.	Approved
Tinzaparin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Tinzaparin.	Approved
Tipranavir	Tipranavir may increase the antiplatelet activities of Pentoxifylline.	Approved, Investigational
Tirofiban	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Tirofiban.	Approved
Tizanidine	The serum concentration of Tizanidine can be increased when it is combined with Pentoxifylline.	Approved
Tolazoline	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Tolazoline.	Approved, Vet Approved
Torasemide	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Torasemide.	Approved
Tositumomab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentoxifylline is combined with Tositumomab.	Approved
Trandolapril	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Trandolapril.	Approved
Tranilast	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Tranilast.	Approved, Investigational
Trapidil	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Trapidil.	Approved
Travoprost	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Travoprost.	Approved
Treprostinil	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Treprostinil.	Approved, Investigational
Trichlormethiazide	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Trichlormethiazide.	Approved, Vet Approved
Triflusal	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Triflusal.	Approved
Trimazosin	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Trimazosin.	Experimental
Trimethaphan	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Trimethaphan.	Approved
Unoprostone	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Unoprostone.	Approved
Urokinase	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Urokinase.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Valsartan	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Valsartan.	Approved, Investigational
Vemurafenib	The serum concentration of Pentoxifylline can be increased when it is combined with Vemurafenib.	Approved
Vitamin E	Vitamin E may increase the antiplatelet activities of Pentoxifylline.	Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet Approved
Vorapaxar	Pentoxifylline may increase the antiplatelet activities of Vorapaxar.	Approved
Warfarin	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Warfarin.	Approved
Ximelagatran	Pentoxifylline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ximelagatran.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Xylometazoline	Pentoxifylline may increase the hypotensive activities of Xylometazoline.	Approved

Food Interactions

Take with food to reduce irritation. Limit caffeine intake.

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General References

Authors unspecified: European Pentoxifylline Multi-Infarct Dementia Study. Eur Neurol. 1996;36(5):315-21. [PubMed:8864715 ]

External Links

Resource	Link
Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)	HMDB14944
KEGG Drug	D00501
KEGG Compound	C07424
PubChem Compound	4740
PubChem Substance	46505940
ChemSpider	4578
BindingDB	10850
ChEBI	7986
ChEMBL	CHEMBL628
Therapeutic Targets Database	DAP000048
PharmGKB	PA450864
HET	PNX
Drug Product Database	1929
RxList	http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/pentox.htm
Drugs.com	http://www.drugs.com/cdi/pentoxifylline.html
Wikipedia	Pentoxifylline

ATC Codes

C04AD03

AHFS Codes

20:24.00

PDB Entries

Not Available

FDA label

Download (51.7 KB)

MSDS

Download (73.9 KB)

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
0	Completed	Treatment	Acute Pancreatitis (AP)	1
0	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Crohn's Disease (CD)	1
0	Recruiting	Prevention	Pancreatitis	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections	1
1	Recruiting	Diagnostic	Dependence, Cocaine	1
1	Terminated	Treatment	Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH)	1
1	Terminated	Treatment	Hepatopulmonary Syndrome	1
1, 2	Completed	Treatment	Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne	2
2	Completed	Prevention	Fibrosis	1
2	Completed	Supportive Care	Cancer, Breast / Lymphedema of the extremities	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Atherosclerosis / Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / HIV Disease	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Atherosclerosis / Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / HIV Disease / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections / Vascular Diseases	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Coronary Artery Disease / Depressive State / Depressive Symptoms / Heart Diseases / Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Fatty Liver	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Fibrosis / Radiation Injuries	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC)	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary	1
2	Recruiting	Prevention	Brain Metastasis	1
2	Recruiting	Prevention	Neoplasms, Head and Neck	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Biliary Atresia	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Leishmaniasis	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Long-term Adverse Effects of Radiotherapy for Pelvic Cancer	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC)	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Neoplasms, Breast	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Wounds and Injuries	1
2	Unknown Status	Prevention	Colorectal Cancers / Hepatic Metastases / Irradiation Damage / Radiation Induced Liver Disease	1
2	Unknown Status	Treatment	Fibrosis	1
2	Unknown Status	Treatment	Necrotizing Enterocolitis	1
2	Unknown Status	Treatment	Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Diabetic Nephropathies	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous	2
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Liver Diseases / Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis	1
2, 3	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) / Pentoxifylline	1
2, 3	Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis	1
2, 3	Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL)	1
3	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Radiation Induced Brachial Plexopathy	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH) / Severe alcoholic liver disease	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Endometriosis-Associated Infertility	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Glomerulonephritis minimal lesion	1
3	Completed	Treatment	HTLV-1 / Immune System Diseases / Pentoxifylline / Physical Disability / Tropical Spastic Paraparesis	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Hepatic Failure / Liver Cirrhosis	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Intermittent Claudication Fontaine Stage II PAOD / Stage II Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Kidney Failure,Chronic	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Neonatal Late Onset Sepsis	1
3	Enrolling by Invitation	Treatment	Acute on Chronic Pancreatitis / Acute Pancreatitis (AP) / Autoimmune Pancreatitis / Cancer Acute Pancreatitis / Drug Induced AP / Gallstone Pancreatitis / Hypertriglyceridemia Acute Pancreatitis / Hypertriglyceridemia AP / Idiopathic (Unknown) Acute Pancreatitis / Medication Induced Acute Pancreatitis / Miscellaneous (i.e. Acute on Chronic Pancreatitis) / Pancreatitis, Alcoholic / Post-ERCP AP / Post-ERCP/Post-procedural Pancreatitis / Trauma Acute Pancreatitis / Trauma AP	1
3	Not Yet Recruiting	Supportive Care	Carcinoma, Breast / Fibrosis	1
3	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Avascular Necrosis / Bisphosphonate-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw / Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	HIV-1 Infections	1
3	Terminated	Treatment	Glomerulonephritis	1
3	Unknown Status	Treatment	Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH)	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Osteoradionecrosis	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Diabetic Nephropathies	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) / Hemodialysis-dependent patients / Inflammatory Reaction	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Lumbar Disc Disease / Lumbar Radiculopathy / Prolapsed Lumbar Disc	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Hepacivirus / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Sepsis of the Newborn	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH) / Severe alcoholic liver disease	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Primary Glomerulonephritis	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis	1
Not Available	Enrolling by Invitation	Treatment	Dizziness / Vertigo	1
Not Available	No Longer Available	Not Available	Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1	1
Not Available	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Advanced Gastric Cancer Adenocarcinoma of Esophagogastric Junction	1
Not Available	Terminated	Treatment	Graves Ophthalmopathy	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Prevention	Capsular Contractures	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Prevention	Renal Dysfunction	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Hepatopulmonary Syndrome	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Metabolic Parameters and Liver Histology	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis	1
Not Available	Withdrawn	Prevention	Contrast Induced Nephropathy (CIN) / Diabetes Mellitus (DM)	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Actavis elizabeth llc
Apotex inc
Biovail laboratories inc
Heritage pharmaceuticals inc
Impax laboratories inc
Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
Pliva inc
Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
Watson laboratories inc
Upsher smith laboratories inc
Sanofi aventis us llc

Packagers

Amerisource Health Services Corp.
Amneal Pharmaceuticals
Apotex Inc.
A-S Medication Solutions LLC
Atlantic Biologicals Corporation
Biovail Pharmaceuticals
Cardinal Health
Dept Health Central Pharmacy
Dispensing Solutions
Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
Gallipot
Golden State Medical Supply Inc.
Heartland Repack Services LLC
Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
Major Pharmaceuticals
Mckesson Corp.
Merrell Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
Mylan
Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Pharmedix
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Pliva Inc.
Prepak Systems Inc.
Remedy Repack
Sandhills Packaging Inc.
Sanofi-Aventis Inc.
Southwood Pharmaceuticals
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Torpharm Inc.
Tya Pharmaceuticals
UDL Laboratories
Upsher Smith Laboratories
Va Cmop Dallas
Vangard Labs Inc.
Zoetica Pharmaceutical Corp.

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Kit	Topical
Tablet, extended release	Oral	400 mg/1
Tablet, film coated, extended release	Oral	400 mg/1
Tablet, extended release	Oral	400 mg

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
TRENtal 400 mg Controlled Release Tabs	1.4USD	tab
Trental er 400 mg tablet	1.27USD	tablet
Pentoxifylline powder	0.91USD	g
Trental 400 mg Sustained-Release Tablet	0.88USD	tablet
Pentoxifylline 400 mg tablet sa	0.71USD	tablet
Pentoxifylline CR 400 mg Controlled Release Tabs	0.62USD	tab
Pentoxil 400 mg Controlled Release Tabs	0.62USD	tab
Pentoxil er 400 mg tablet	0.62USD	tablet
Pentoxifylline er 400 mg tablet	0.6USD	tablet
Apo-Pentoxifylline Sr 400 mg Sustained-Release Tablet	0.4USD	tablet
Nu-Pentoxifylline-Sr 400 mg Sustained-Release Tablet	0.4USD	tablet

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	105 °C	Not Available
water solubility	7.7E+004 mg/L (at 25 °C)	MERCK INDEX (1996)
logP	0.29	BIOBYTE (1995)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	5.17 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	0.08	ALOGPS
logP	0.23	ChemAxon
logS	-1.7	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	19.64	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-0.93	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	75.51 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	5	ChemAxon
Refractivity	73.52 m³·mol^-1	ChemAxon
Polarizability	29.27 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	2	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Predicted ADMET features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	1.0
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.9851
Caco-2 permeable	-	0.5056
P-glycoprotein substrate	Substrate	0.595
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.6905
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Inhibitor	0.7157
Renal organic cation transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.7023
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.7897
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.9117
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Substrate	0.6511
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Inhibitor	0.9107
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9518
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.943
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9313
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9827
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.901
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.7131
Carcinogenicity	Non-carcinogens	0.8965
Biodegradation	Not ready biodegradable	0.7457
Rat acute toxicity	2.4070 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.6463
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Non-inhibitor	0.8734

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397 )

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positive	splash10-0059-1890000000-c9be2fe26b2862cba4f5	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positive	splash10-001r-2900000000-d54457aaede5317cef72	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	splash10-0059-2970000000-95d1edcd63b61b13b22e	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	Not Available

Taxonomy

Description

This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthines. These are purine derivatives with a ketone group conjugated at carbons 2 and 6 of the purine moiety.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organoheterocyclic compounds

Class

Imidazopyrimidines

Sub Class

Purines and purine derivatives

Direct Parent

Xanthines

Alternative Parents

6-oxopurines / Alkaloids and derivatives / Pyrimidones / N-substituted imidazoles / Vinylogous amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Ureas / Lactams / Ketones / Azacyclic compounds

Substituents

Xanthine / 6-oxopurine / Purinone / Alkaloid or derivatives / Pyrimidone / N-substituted imidazole / Pyrimidine / Azole / Imidazole / Heteroaromatic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

oxopurine (CHEBI:7986 )

Targets

Details

1. cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

General Function:: Metal ion binding
Specific Function:: Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. May be involved in mediating central nervous system effects of therapeutic agents ranging from antidepressants to antiasthmatic and anti-inflammatory agents.
Gene Name:: PDE4B
Uniprot ID:: Q07343
Molecular Weight:: 83342.695 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]

Details

2. Adenosine receptor A1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antagonist

General Function:: Purine nucleoside binding
Specific Function:: Receptor for adenosine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:: ADORA1
Uniprot ID:: P30542
Molecular Weight:: 36511.325 Da

References

Daly JW, Jacobson KA, Ukena D: Adenosine receptors: development of selective agonists and antagonists. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1987;230:41-63. [PubMed:3588607 ]

Details

3. cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

General Function:: Metal ion binding
Specific Function:: Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides. This phosphodiesterase catalyzes the specific hydrolysis of cGMP to 5'-GMP (PubMed:9714779, PubMed:15489334). Specifically regulates nitric-oxide-generated cGMP (PubMed:15489334).
Gene Name:: PDE5A
Uniprot ID:: O76074
Molecular Weight:: 99984.14 Da

References

Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]

Details

4. cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

General Function:: Metal ion binding
Specific Function:: Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes.
Gene Name:: PDE4A
Uniprot ID:: P27815
Molecular Weight:: 98142.155 Da

References

Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]

Details

5. Adenosine receptor A2a

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antagonist

General Function:: Identical protein binding
Specific Function:: Receptor for adenosine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:: ADORA2A
Uniprot ID:: P29274
Molecular Weight:: 44706.925 Da

References

Kreth S, Ledderose C, Luchting B, Weis F, Thiel M: Immunomodulatory properties of pentoxifylline are mediated via adenosine-dependent pathways. Shock. 2010 Jul;34(1):10-6. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0b013e3181cdc3e2. [PubMed:19997047 ]

Details

6. 5'-nucleotidase

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor

General Function:: Nucleotide binding
Specific Function:: Hydrolyzes extracellular nucleotides into membrane permeable nucleosides. Exhibits AMP-, NAD-, and NMN-nucleosidase activities.
Gene Name:: NT5E
Uniprot ID:: P21589
Molecular Weight:: 63367.255 Da

References

Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
Ustunsoy H, Sivrikoz MC, Tarakcioglu M, Bakir K, Guldur E, Celkan MA: The effects of pentoxifylline on the myocardial inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Card Surg. 2006 Jan-Feb;21(1):57-61. [PubMed:16426349 ]

Enzymes

Details

1. Cytochrome P450 1A2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: substrateinhibitor

General Function:: Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function:: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N...
Gene Name:: CYP1A2
Uniprot ID:: P05177
Molecular Weight:: 58293.76 Da

References

Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on June 11, 2017 15:43

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Structure for DB00806 (Pentoxifylline)

Targets

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Enzymes

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