The main glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.

Structure

Similar Structures

Synonyms

(11β)-11,17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
11beta-hydrocortisone
11beta,17alpha,21-Trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione
11β-hydrocortisone
17-Hydroxycorticosterone
4-pregnen-11β,17α,21-triol-3,20-dione
Cortisol
Hidrocortisona
Hydrocortisone
Hydrocortisonum
Kendall's compound F
Reichstein's substance M

External IDs

NSC-10483

Product Images

Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
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A-hydrocort Inj 1000mg/8ml	Powder, for solution	1 g	Intramuscular; Intravenous	Hospira, Inc.	1993-12-31	2012-08-03
A-hydrocort Inj 100mg/2ml	Powder, for solution	100 mg	Intramuscular; Intravenous	Hospira, Inc.	1992-12-31	2012-08-03
A-hydrocort Inj 250mg/2ml	Powder, for solution	250 mg	Intramuscular; Intravenous	Hospira, Inc.	1992-12-31	2012-08-03
A-hydrocort Inj 500mg/4ml	Powder, for solution	500 mg	Intramuscular; Intravenous	Hospira, Inc.	1992-12-31	2012-08-03
Aquacort Lotion 2.5%	Lotion	2.5 %	Topical	Merit Industries Inc.	1992-12-31	2002-05-14
Barriere HC 1%	Cream; Jelly	1 %	Topical	Allen & Hanburys A Glaxo Canada Ltd. Co.	1979-12-31	1998-07-29
Cortate Crm 1%	Cream	10 mg	Topical	Schering Plough	1980-12-31	2013-07-31
Cortate Ont 1%	Ointment	10 mg	Topical	Schering Plough	1980-12-31	2013-07-31
Cortef	Tablet	10 mg/1	Oral	Pharmacia and Upjohn Company LLC	1952-12-15	Not applicable
Cortef	Tablet	5 mg/1	Oral	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	1952-12-15	2001-06-30

Additional Data Available

Application Number

A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.

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Product Code

A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.

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Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
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Alacort	Cream	25 mg/1g	Topical	Crown Laboratories	2016-01-06	Not applicable
Alacort	Cream	10 mg/1g	Topical	Crown Laboratories	1973-03-09	Not applicable
Anusol HC	Cream	25 mg/1g	Topical	Salix Pharmaceuticals	1984-06-06	Not applicable
Colocort	Suspension	100 mg/60mL	Rectal	Paddock Laboratories, LLC	1999-12-31	Not applicable
Home PapKit	Cream	25 mg/1g	Topical	International Brand Management, Llc	2016-09-15	Not applicable
Hydrocortisone	Ointment	25 mg/1g	Topical	Remedy Repack	2013-11-11	2015-09-30
Hydrocortisone	Cream	10 mg/1g	Topical	Stat Rx USA	2002-01-03	Not applicable
Hydrocortisone	Tablet	20 mg/1	Oral	PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	1973-06-18	Not applicable
Hydrocortisone	Tablet	10 mg/1	Oral	bryant ranch prepack	2007-03-30	Not applicable
Hydrocortisone	Tablet	5 mg/1	Oral	Core Pharma, Llc	2009-12-31	2015-02-28

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Application Number

A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.

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Product Code

A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.

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Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
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1% Hydrocortisone	Cream	1 g/100g	Topical	Yuyao Jessie Commodity Co.,Ltd.	2015-12-01	Not applicable
999 Itch Relieving	Ointment	1 g/100g	Topical	Guangdong CR. Shunfeng Pharmaceutical Co Ltd	1989-07-20	Not applicable
999 Itch Relieving	Ointment	1 g/100g	Topical	Guangdong CR. Shunfeng Pharmaceutical Co Ltd	1989-07-20	Not applicable
Advanced Hydrocortisone	Cream	10 mg/1g	Topical	Ultra Seal Corporation	2011-04-05	Not applicable
AFASSCO 1% Hydrocortisone	Ointment	0.01 g/1g	Topical	Afassco Inc.	2018-12-07	Not applicable
Ana Cool Rapid Soothing Cooling Formula	Cream	10 mg/1g	Topical	Ana-Cool, LLC	2015-11-25	Not applicable
Anti itch	Cream	1 g/100g	Topical	Rite Aid	2009-02-09	2011-02-03
Anti Itch	Ointment	1 g/100g	Topical	Rite Aid	2005-07-25	Not applicable
Anti Itch	Lotion	1 g/100g	Topical	Walgreen	2012-03-27	Not applicable
Anti Itch	Cream	1 g/100g	Topical	Hyvee	2015-11-01	Not applicable

Additional Data Available

Application Number

A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.

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Product Code

A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.

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Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Acetasol HC	Hydrocortisone (1.1 g/100mL) + Acetic acid (2.41 g/100mL)	Solution	Auricular (otic)	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	1994-12-15	2012-06-30
Acetasol HC	Hydrocortisone (1.1 g/100mL) + Acetic acid (2.41 g/100mL)	Solution	Auricular (otic)	Actavis Pharma Company	2002-09-10	Not applicable
Antibiotic Ear (Neo/Polym/HC)	Hydrocortisone (10 mg/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1mL) + Polymyxin B sulfate (10000 [USP'U]/1mL)	Solution / drops	Auricular (otic)	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	1995-12-29	Not applicable
Calmurid HC Crm	Hydrocortisone (10 mg) + Urea (100 mg)	Cream	Topical	Galderma	1994-12-31	2000-08-02
Cipro	Hydrocortisone (10 mg/1mL) + Benzyl alcohol (9 mg/1mL) + Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (2 mg/1mL)	Suspension	Auricular (otic)	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2009-02-12	Not applicable
Cipro HC	Hydrocortisone (10 mg/1mL) + Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (2 mg/1mL)	Suspension	Auricular (otic)	ALCON LABORATORIES, INC.	1999-03-15	Not applicable
Cipro HC	Hydrocortisone (10 mg/1mL) + Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (2.0 mg/1mL)	Suspension	Auricular (otic)	A-S Medication Solutions	1999-03-15	Not applicable
Cipro HC	Hydrocortisone (10 mg/1mL) + Benzyl alcohol (9 mg/1mL) + Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (2 mg/1mL)	Suspension	Auricular (otic)	Stat Rx USA	1998-02-10	Not applicable
Cipro HC Otic Suspension	Hydrocortisone (10 mg) + Ciprofloxacin (2 mg)	Suspension	Auricular (otic)	Alcon, Inc.	1999-06-22	2008-12-08
Cortisporin	Hydrocortisone (10 mg) + Bacitracin (400 unit) + Neomycin (5 mg) + Polymyxin B (5000 unit)	Ointment	Topical	Glaxosmithkline Inc	1986-12-31	2014-11-03

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Ala Quin	Hydrocortisone (5 mg/1g) + Clioquinol (30 mg/1g)	Cream	Topical	Crown Laboratories	1970-08-19	Not applicable
Alcortin	Hydrocortisone (2 g/100g) + Diiodohydroxyquinoline (1 g/100g)	Gel	Topical	Primus Pharmaceuticals	2003-07-25	Not applicable
Bencort	Hydrocortisone (5 mg/1g) + Benzoyl peroxide (350 mg/1g) + Benzoyl peroxide (50 mg/1g)	Kit		River's Edge Pharmaceuticals, LLC	2009-10-01	2011-01-13
Clindamycin 1% / Hydrocortisone 2.5% / Niacinamide 4%	Hydrocortisone (2.5 g/100g) + Clindamycin phosphate (1 g/100g) + Nicotinamide (4 g/100g)	Cream	Topical	Sincerus Florida, LLC	2019-05-10	Not applicable
Cortaine -B Aqueous	Hydrocortisone (10 mg/1mL) + Chloroxylenol (1 mg/1mL) + Pramoxine hydrochloride (10 mg/1mL)	Solution / drops	Auricular (otic)	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2010-09-09	2013-01-15
Cortane-B	Hydrocortisone (10 mg/1mL) + Chloroxylenol (1 mg/1mL) + Pramoxine hydrochloride (10 mg/1mL)	Lotion	Topical	Blansett Pharmacal Co	2017-03-20	Not applicable
Dermasorb AF Complete Kit	Hydrocortisone (5 mg/1g) + Clioquinol (30 mg/1g)	Kit	Topical	Crown Laboratories	2013-11-14	2018-01-02
Dermazene	Hydrocortisone (10 mg/1g) + Diiodohydroxyquinoline (10 mg/1g)	Cream	Topical	Stratus Pharmaceuticals	2001-06-11	Not applicable
Dr. Throwers Hydrotet	Hydrocortisone (1 g/100g) + Tretinoin (0.05 g/100g)	Cream	Topical	Dr. Thrower's Skincare, Inc.	2015-05-15	Not applicable
FIRST Dukes Mouthwash Compounding	Hydrocortisone (0.06 g/0.06g) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (0.525 g/0.525g) + Nystatin (0.6 g/0.6g)	Kit	Oral	CutisPharma, Inc.	2010-12-15	Not applicable

International/Other Brands

Acticort / Aeroseb HC / Ala-Scalp / Algicirtis / Beta-HC / Cetacort / Cortaid / Delacort / Ficortril / Genacort / Glycort / Komed HC / Lacticare HC / Lubricort / Meusicort / Mildison / Nogenic HC / Nutracort / Penecort / Permicort / Polcort H / Preparation H Hydrocortisone Cream / Prevex HC / Proctocream / Remederm HC / Sanatison / Scalpicin Capilar / Schericur / Sigmacort / Synacort / Systral Hydrocort / Timocort

Categories

UNII

WI4X0X7BPJ

CAS number

50-23-7

Weight

Average: 362.4599
Monoisotopic: 362.20932407

Chemical Formula

C₂₁H₃₀O₅

InChI Key

JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C21H30O5/c1-19-7-5-13(23)9-12(19)3-4-14-15-6-8-21(26,17(25)11-22)20(15,2)10-16(24)18(14)19/h9,14-16,18,22,24,26H,3-8,10-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1

IUPAC Name

(1R,3aS,3bS,9aR,9bS,10S,11aS)-1,10-dihydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9a,11a-dimethyl-1H,2H,3H,3aH,3bH,4H,5H,7H,8H,9H,9aH,9bH,10H,11H,11aH-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-one

SMILES

[H][C@@]12CC[C@](O)(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C

Pharmacology

Indication

For the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Also used to treat endocrine (hormonal) disorders (adrenal insufficiency, Addisons disease). It is also used to treat many immune and allergic disorders, such as arthritis, lupus, severe psoriasis, severe asthma, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease.

Associated Conditions

Pharmacodynamics

Hydrocortisone is the most important human glucocorticoid. It is essential for life and regulates or supports a variety of important cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic and homeostatic functions. Topical hydrocortisone is used for its anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive properties to treat inflammation due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger a variety of important cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic and homeostatic effects. Glucocorticoids are distinguished from mineralocorticoids and sex steroids by having different receptors, target cells, and effects. Technically, the term corticosteroid refers to both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, but is often used as a synonym for glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids suppress cell-mediated immunity. They act by inhibiting genes that code for the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha, the most important of which is the IL-2. Reduced cytokine production limits T cell proliferation. Glucocorticoids also suppress humoral immunity, causing B cells to express lower amounts of IL-2 and IL-2 receptors. This diminishes both B cell clonal expansion and antibody synthesis. The diminished amounts of IL-2 also leads to fewer T lymphocyte cells being activated.

Mechanism of action

Hydrocortisone binds to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor. After binding the receptor the newly formed receptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing the increase in expression of specific target genes. The anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Specifically glucocorticoids induce lipocortin-1 (annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to cell membranes preventing the phospholipase A2 from coming into contact with its substrate arachidonic acid. This leads to diminished eicosanoid production. The cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect. In other words, the two main products in inflammation Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes are inhibited by the action of Glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids also stimulate the lipocortin-1 escaping to the extracellular space, where it binds to the leukocyte membrane receptors and inhibits various inflammatory events: epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst and the release of various inflammatory mediators (lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, tissue plasminogen activator, chemokines etc.) from neutrophils, macrophages and mastocytes. Additionally the immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding.

Target	Actions	Organism
AGlucocorticoid receptor	agonist	Humans
AAnnexin A1	agonist	Humans
UCorticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2	Not Available	Humans
U3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1	Not Available	Humans

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Adverse Effects

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Contraindications

Structured data covering drug contraindications. Each contraindication describes a scenario in which the drug is not to be used. Includes restrictions on co-administration, contraindicated populations, and more.

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Blackbox Warnings

Structured data representing warnings from the black box section of drug labels. These warnings cover important and dangerous risks, contraindications, or adverse effects.

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Absorption

Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. Inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin increase percutaneous absorption.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

95%

Metabolism

Primarily hepatic via CYP3A4

Hydrocortisone
6-beta-hydrocortisol

Route of elimination

Corticosteroids are metabolized primarily in the liver and are then excreted by the kidneys. Some of the topical corticosteroids and their metabolites are also excreted into the bile.

Half life

6-8 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Toxicity

Side effects include inhibition of bone formation, suppression of calcium absorption and delayed wound healing

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Pathway	Category
Adrenal Hyperplasia Type 5 or Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 17 alpha-Hydroxylase Deficiency	Disease
Corticosterone Methyl Oxidase I Deficiency (CMO I)	Disease
3-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency	Disease
Corticotropin Activation of Cortisol Production	Signaling
Congenital Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia (CLAH) or Lipoid CAH	Disease
11-beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency (CYP11B1)	Disease
Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome	Disease
Steroidogenesis	Metabolic
Adrenal Hyperplasia Type 3 or Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency	Disease
17-alpha-Hydroxylase Deficiency (CYP17)	Disease
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (CYP21)	Disease
Corticosterone Methyl Oxidase II Deficiency (CMO II)	Disease

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Drug	Interaction
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(R)-warfarin	The metabolism of (R)-warfarin can be increased when combined with Hydrocortisone.
(S)-Warfarin	The metabolism of (S)-Warfarin can be increased when combined with Hydrocortisone.
1-Testosterone	The risk or severity of edema formation can be increased when 1-Testosterone is combined with Hydrocortisone.
16-Bromoepiandrosterone	The risk or severity of edema formation can be increased when 16-Bromoepiandrosterone is combined with Hydrocortisone.
19-norandrostenedione	The risk or severity of edema formation can be increased when 19-norandrostenedione is combined with Hydrocortisone.
1alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D5	The therapeutic efficacy of 1alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D5 can be decreased when used in combination with Hydrocortisone.
2-Methoxyethanol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydrocortisone is combined with 2-Methoxyethanol.
2,4-thiazolidinedione	The therapeutic efficacy of 2,4-thiazolidinedione can be decreased when used in combination with Hydrocortisone.
3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid	The metabolism of 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid can be increased when combined with Hydrocortisone.
4-hydroxycoumarin	The metabolism of 4-hydroxycoumarin can be increased when combined with Hydrocortisone.

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Extended Description

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Severity

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Evidence Level

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Action

Evidence Level

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Food Interactions

Take with food to reduce irritation. Calcium, phosphorous, potassium, Vitamin A, C, D and zinc needs increased with long term use.

References

Synthesis Reference

Manfred Baumgarth, Dieter Orth, Jurgen Harting, Hans Schaefer, Achim Zesch, "Hydrocortisone orthoesters, pharmaceutical formulations thereof and processes for the preparation thereof." U.S. Patent US4264584, issued March, 1974.

US4264584

General References

de Weerth C, Zijl RH, Buitelaar JK: Development of cortisol circadian rhythm in infancy. Early Hum Dev. 2003 Aug;73(1-2):39-52. [PubMed:12932892]
Palacios R, Sugawara I: Hydrocortisone abrogates proliferation of T cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction by rendering the interleukin-2 Producer T cells unresponsive to interleukin-1 and unable to synthesize the T-cell growth factor. Scand J Immunol. 1982 Jan;15(1):25-31. [PubMed:6461917]
KNIGHT RP Jr, KORNFELD DS, GLASER GH, BONDY PK: Effects of intravenous hydrocortisone on electrolytes of serum and urine in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1955 Feb;15(2):176-81. [PubMed:13233328]

External Links

Human Metabolome Database: HMDB0000063
KEGG Drug: D00088
KEGG Compound: C00735
PubChem Compound: 5754
PubChem Substance: 46505089
ChemSpider: 5551
BindingDB: 13775
ChEBI: 17650
ChEMBL: CHEMBL389621
Therapeutic Targets Database: DAP000718
PharmGKB: PA449905
Guide to Pharmacology: GtP Drug Page
HET: HCY
Wikipedia: Hydrocortisone

ATC Codes

A01AC03 — Hydrocortisone

A07EA02 — Hydrocortisone

C05AA01 — Hydrocortisone

D07AA02 — Hydrocortisone

D07BA04 — Hydrocortisone and antiseptics

D07CA01 — Hydrocortisone and antibiotics

D07XA01 — Hydrocortisone

H02AB09 — Hydrocortisone

R01AD60 — Hydrocortisone, combinations

S01BA02 — Hydrocortisone

S01BB01 — Hydrocortisone and mydriatics

S01CA03 — Hydrocortisone and antiinfectives

S01CB03 — Hydrocortisone

S02BA01 — Hydrocortisone

S02CA03 — Hydrocortisone and antiinfectives

S03CA04 — Hydrocortisone and antiinfectives

AHFS Codes

68:04.00 — Adrenals
84:06.00 — Anti-inflammatory Agents
56:36.00 — Anti-inflammatory Agents

PDB Entries

2v95 / 2vdy / 4c49 / 4p6x / 5hgc

FDA label

Download (30 KB)

MSDS

Download (73.6 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
0	Active Not Recruiting	Other	Insulin Resistance	1
0	Completed	Treatment	Fibromyalgia	1
0	Recruiting	Basic Science	Depression	1
0	Recruiting	Basic Science	Healthy Volunteers	1
0	Recruiting	Basic Science	Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)	1
0	Recruiting	Treatment	Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)	1
0	Withdrawn	Basic Science	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Hyperandrogenemia / Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome	2
1	Active Not Recruiting	Basic Science	BMI >30 kg/m2	1
1	Completed	Not Available	Infection NOS	1
1	Completed	Not Available	Relative Adrenal Insufficiency / Sepsis	1
1	Completed	Basic Science	Healthy Volunteers	2
1	Completed	Basic Science	Healthy Volunteers / Inflammatory Reaction / Pain NOS	1
1	Completed	Basic Science	Smoking, Cigarette	1
1	Completed	Other	Adrenal Insufficiency	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL) / Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) / Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) / Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Adrenal Insufficiency	2
1	Completed	Treatment	Adrenal Insufficiency / Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Arterial Hypotension / Blood Pressures / Infant, Low Birth Weight / Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Infants, Premature / Newborn Infants	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Erythemas / Pain NOS	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Healthy Volunteers	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Knee Osteoarthritis (Knee OA)	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)	1
1	Completed	Treatment	Psoriasis Vulgaris (Plaque Psoriasis)	1
1	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Myeloid Leukemia Arising From Previous Myelodysplastic Syndrome / Acute, recurrent Myeloid Leukemia / Blasts 0.1 Percent or More of Bone Marrow Nucleated Cells / Blasts 5 Percent or More of Bone Marrow Nucleated Cells / Recurrent High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome / Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia	1
1	Recruiting	Basic Science	Sleep Restriction	1
1	Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL)	1
1	Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With Failed Remission / Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, in Relapse	1
1	Recruiting	Treatment	Heroin Dependence / Opioid Use Disorders	1
1	Recruiting	Treatment	Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)	1
1	Recruiting	Treatment	Leukemia, Acute / Leukemia, Lymphocytic / Leukemia, T-Cell / Lymphoma, Lymphoblastic / Recurrent Disease / T-Cell Lymphomas	1
1	Recruiting	Treatment	Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute, Childhood / Lymphoma, Lymphoblastic / Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (PTCL)	1
1	Terminated	Treatment	Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) / Myelodysplastic Syndrome	1
1	Unknown Status	Treatment	Ovarian Epithelial Cancer	1
1	Withdrawn	Basic Science	Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1	1
1, 2	Completed	Diagnostic	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)	1
1, 2	Completed	Treatment	21-Hydroxylase Deficiency / Adrenogenital Syndrome / Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)	1
1, 2	Completed	Treatment	Cardiac Arrest	1
1, 2	Completed	Treatment	Inhospital Cardiac Arrest	1
1, 2	Completed	Treatment	Recurrent Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	1
1, 2	Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL)	1
1, 2	Recruiting	Treatment	Addison's Disease / Adrenal Hyperplasia Congenital	1
1, 2	Recruiting	Treatment	Adrenal Gland Diseases / Adrenal Hyperplasia / Adrenocortical Hyperfunction / Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) / Congenital Disorders / Disorders of Sex Development / Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Hydrocortisone / Hyperplasia / Steroid Metabolic Diseases, Inborn / Urogenital Abnormalities	1
1, 2	Recruiting	Treatment	Adult Burkitt Lymphoma / B-Cell Lymphoma, Unclassifiable, With Features Intermediate Between Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Burkitt Lymphoma / Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse (DLBCL) / MYC Gene Mutation / Plasmablastic Lymphoma	1
1, 2	Terminated	Basic Science	Renin Angiotensin	1
1, 2	Terminated	Treatment	Adenocarcinoma, Prostate / Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma / Stage III Prostate Cancer / Stage IV Prostate Cancer	1
1, 2	Terminated	Treatment	Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma / Recurrent Childhood Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma	1
1, 2	Terminated	Treatment	Prostate Cancer	1
2	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL)	2
2	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) / Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma	1
2	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) / Growth Disorders	1
2	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Lymphoma, Lymphoblastic	1
2	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Prostate Cancer	1
2	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)	1
2	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Recurrent B-Cell Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Recurrent Childhood B-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma	1
2	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Severe Sepsis / Shock, Septic	1
2	Completed	Not Available	Postoperative Complications / Postoperative Pancreatitis	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity / Encephalomalacia / Premature Births	1
2	Completed	Prevention	Memory Disturbances	1
2	Completed	Supportive Care	Advanced Malignant Neoplasm / Dermatologic Complication / Dermatologic Complications / Neoplasms, Malignant	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) / Multiple Organ Failure	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Adenocarcinoma, Prostate / Prostate Cancer	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Adrenal Insufficiency / Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) / Excess Androgen	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Angioedema	1
2	Completed	Treatment	B-cell Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / B-cell Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Recurrent Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Recurrent Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Recurrent Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Recurrent Childhood Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / T-cell Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / T-cell Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Blood Cancers / Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) / Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) / Hodgkins Disease (HD) / Leukemias / Malignancies / NHL / Smith-Magenis Syndrome	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Blood and Marrow Transplant (BMT) / Multiple Myeloma (MM) / Transplantation, Autologous / Transplantation, Homologous	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Cardiac Output, Low	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Childhood Burkitt Lymphoma / Childhood Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma / Childhood Immunoblastic Large Cell Lymphoma / Stage I Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma / Stage I Childhood Small Noncleaved Cell Lymphoma / Stage II Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma / Stage II Childhood Small Noncleaved Cell Lymphoma / Stage III Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma / Stage III Childhood Small Noncleaved Cell Lymphoma / Stage IV Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma / Stage IV Childhood Small Noncleaved Cell Lymphoma / Untreated Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Hemorrhoids	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Jet Lag Syndrome	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Leukemia, Mast-Cell / Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL)	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Leukemias	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Leukemias / Malignant Lymphomas	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Opioid Dependence	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Paediatric Sepsis / Pediatric Sepsis / Sepsis	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Prostate Cancer	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Prurigo Nodularis	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Recurrent Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Recurrent Childhood Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / T-cell Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Rheumatoid Arthritis	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Skin rashes	1
2	Not Yet Recruiting	Basic Science	Adolescent Development / Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)	1
2	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)	1
2	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Shock, Septic	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL)	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL) / Childhood Cancers / Down Syndrome (DS)	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Apomorphine-induced Skin Reactions / Parkinson's Disease (PD)	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Colorectal Cancers / Head and Neck Carcinoma	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Critically-ill Patients / Sepsis / Shock, Septic / Vasoplegic Syndrome	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) / Myelodysplastic Syndromes	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Prostate Cancer	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Sickle Cell Disorders	1
2	Suspended	Treatment	Acute Leukemias of Ambiguous Lineage / Childhood B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / KMT2A Gene Rearrangement / Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL)	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL) / Leukemia, B-Cell / Leukemia, T-Cell / Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL) / Lymphoma, Lymphoblastic	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) / Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) / Mixed Lineage Acute Leukemia	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Blood and Marrow Transplant (BMT) / Diffuse Large B-Cell / Lymphoma, B-Cell / Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse (DLBCL) / Lymphomas: Non-Hodgkin / Malignant Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC)	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) / Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)	1
2	Terminated	Treatment	Phobic Disorders	1
2	Unknown Status	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL)	1
2	Unknown Status	Treatment	Addison's Disease	1
2	Unknown Status	Treatment	Cirrhosis With Ascites	1
2	Unknown Status	Treatment	Injuries, Whiplash	1
2	Unknown Status	Treatment	Leukemias	1
2, 3	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Asphyxia / Hypoxic-Ischaemic Encephalopathy	1
2, 3	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Childhood B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Childhood Burkitt Leukemia / Childhood Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma / Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma / Stage III Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma / Stage IV Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma	1
2, 3	Completed	Prevention	Injuries, Multiple	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Addison's Disease	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Adrenal Insufficiency	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Adult B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With t(9;22)(q34;q11.2); BCR-ABL1 / Childhood B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With t(9;22)(q34;q11.2); BCR-ABL1 / Untreated Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Untreated Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	1
2, 3	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation	1
2, 3	Recruiting	Treatment	Left Ventricular Remodeling / ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)	1
2, 3	Recruiting	Treatment	Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder	1
2, 3	Unknown Status	Treatment	The Mortality Rate / Ventilations, Mechanical	1
3	Active Not Recruiting	Prevention	Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity / Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Infants, Premature / Newborn Infants / Very Low Birth Weight Infant	1
3	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)	1
3	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Severe Septic Syndrome (Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock) Diagnosed and Treated by Mobile Intensive Care Unit	1
3	Completed	Supportive Care	Cardiac Toxicity / Leukemias / Malignant Lymphomas	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL) / Acute Undifferentiated Leukemia (AUL) / Childhood T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / T-cell Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Untreated Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Alcohol Craving / Stress, Physiological / Stress, Psychological	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Alopecia Areata (AA)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Cardiac Arrest	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Cardiovascular Insufficiency / Infant, Newborn, Diseases	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Childhood Acute Erythroleukemia (M6) / Childhood Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (M7) / Childhood Acute Monoblastic Leukemia (M5a) / Childhood Acute Monocytic Leukemia (M5b) / Childhood Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia With Maturation (M2) / Childhood Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Without Maturation (M1) / Childhood Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (M4) / Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia / De Novo Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Refractory Anemia / Refractory Anemia With Excess Blasts / Refractory Anemia With Excess Blasts in Transformation / Refractory Anemia With Ringed Sideroblasts / Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Untreated Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Other Myeloid Malignancies	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Coagulation Dysfunction in Septic Shock / Hemodynamic Improvement Induced by Hydrocortisone	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Healthy Volunteers	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Herpes Labialis	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Leukemias / Malignant Lymphomas	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Leukemias / Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Neonatal Hypotension	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Oral Submucous Fibrosis	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Otitis Externa	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Patient Admitted in Reanimation	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Prostate Cancer	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Psoriasis Vulgaris (Plaque Psoriasis)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Sepsis / Shock, Septic	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Severe Sepsis	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Shock, Septic	3
3	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Adrenal Insufficiency	1
3	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Immune Thrombocytopenia / Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic	1
3	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Shock, Cardiogenic	1
3	Recruiting	Supportive Care	Sepsis	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL) / B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2); BCR-ABL1 / BCR-ABL1 Fusion Protein Expression / Minimal Residual Disease / Philadelphia Chromosome Positive / T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Untreated Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Untreated Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Pediatric	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Central Nervous System Leukemia / Cognitive Side Effects of Cancer Therapy / Neurotoxicity Syndrome / Osteonecrosis / Pain NOS / Testicular Leukemia / Therapy-Related Toxicity / Untreated Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Untreated Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Recurrent Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Recurrent Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Liver Cirrhosis	1
3	Suspended	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL) / Adult T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Ann Arbor Stage II Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Ann Arbor Stage II Childhood Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Ann Arbor Stage III Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Ann Arbor Stage III Childhood Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Ann Arbor Stage IV Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Ann Arbor Stage IV Childhood Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Childhood T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Stage II Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Stage II Childhood Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Stage II Contiguous Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Stage II Non-Contiguous Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Stage III Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Stage III Childhood Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Stage IV Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Stage IV Childhood Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / Untreated Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Untreated Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	1
3	Suspended	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL) / B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Central Nervous System Leukemia / Cognitive Side Effects of Cancer Therapy / Neurotoxicity Syndrome / Osteonecrosis / Pain NOS / Ph-Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Testicular Leukemia / Therapy-Related Toxicity / Untreated Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Untreated Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	1
3	Suspended	Treatment	Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)	1
3	Terminated	Treatment	Evidence of Liver Transplantation / Transplantations	1
3	Terminated	Treatment	Influenza in Humans / Viral Pneumonia	1
3	Terminated	Treatment	Prostatic Neoplasms	1
3	Unknown Status	Treatment	Back Pain Lower Back	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Prevention	Neoplasms, Pancreatic / Pancreatic Fistula	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL)	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Function of Renal Transplant	1
4	Completed	Not Available	Minor burns	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Feeling Anxious	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Healthy Volunteers	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Stress Disorders, Posttraumatic	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Patients / Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation / Prevention / Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After CABG	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Postoperative Inflammatory Response	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Posttraumatic Stress Disorders / Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemias (ALL)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Adrenal Insufficiency	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Asthma Bronchial	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Atopic Dermatitis (AD)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Atopic Dermatitis (AD) / Psoriasis	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Coronary Artery Disease / Mitral Valve Regurgitation	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Corticotropin Deficiency / Fasting	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Hip Injuries	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Hyperglycemias	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Knee Replacement Surgery	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Rheumatic Diseases	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Shock	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Shock, Septic	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Snake Bites	1
4	Enrolling by Invitation	Treatment	Adrenal Insufficiency	1
4	Enrolling by Invitation	Treatment	Granuloma / Tracheostomy care	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Basic Science	Depression / Healthy Volunteers / Hydrocortisone	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Shock, Septic	1
4	Recruiting	Supportive Care	Rheumatoid Arthritis	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Atopic Dermatitis (AD)	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Granulomatous Mastitis	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Post-Dural Puncture Headache	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Ulcerative Colitis (UC)	2
4	Terminated	Not Available	Asthma Bronchial	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Critical Illness / Fluid Overload / Sepsis / Shock, Septic	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Partial Corticotrope Insufficiency	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Shock, Septic	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) / Adrenal Insufficiency	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Crohn's Disease (CD)	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Pituitary Neoplasms / Postsurgical craniopharyngioma	1
4	Withdrawn	Treatment	Adrenal Insufficiency / Sepsis	1
4	Withdrawn	Treatment	Atopic Dermatitis (AD)	1
4	Withdrawn	Treatment	Phimosis	1
4	Withdrawn	Treatment	Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)	1
Not Available	Active Not Recruiting	Supportive Care	Sjögren's Syndrome	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Anxiety Disorders / Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Dependence, Cocaine	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Heroin Dependence / Learning and Memory	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Knee Osteoarthritis (Knee OA)	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Sepsis	1
Not Available	Completed	Basic Science	Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) / Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)	1
Not Available	Completed	Basic Science	Intrusive Memories	1
Not Available	Completed	Basic Science	Posttraumatic Stress Disorders	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Dialysis Hypotension	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Fevers / Hemodynamics Instability / Hypothermia / Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension	1
Not Available	Completed	Screening	Other Diseases or Conditions	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Acute Lung Injury (ALI) / Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) / Severe Sepsis / Shock, Septic	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Addison's Disease	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Addison's Disease / BMI >30 kg/m2	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Atopic Dermatitis (AD)	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Heart Arrest	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Heart Disease Congenital Complex	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Phobic Disorders	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Pituitary Adenomas / Pituitary Diseases	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Rotator Cuff Tear - Partial Thickness	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Total Hip Replacement	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Basic Science	Sepsis / Shock, Septic	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Hyperlactacidaemia	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Atopic Dermatitis (AD)	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Intussusception	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Plantar fascial fibromatosis	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Shock, Septic	1
Not Available	Suspended	Not Available	Some Studies Shows That the Steroid Can Reduce the Injury of the I/R of the Liver	1
Not Available	Terminated	Not Available	Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation	1
Not Available	Terminated	Prevention	Brain Death	1
Not Available	Terminated	Treatment	Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Hydrocortisone / Hypopituitarism / Insulin Sensitivity / Lipids	1
Not Available	Terminated	Treatment	Necrotizing Enterocolitis	1
Not Available	Terminated	Treatment	Posttraumatic Stress Disorders	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Prevention	Posttraumatic Stress Disorders	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Treatment	Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)	1
Not Available	Withdrawn	Treatment	Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Hi tech pharmacal co inc
Allergan herbert div allergan inc
Del ray laboratories inc
Salix pharmaceuticals inc
Bayer pharmaceuticals corp
Monarch pharmaceuticals inc
Valeant pharmaceuticals international
Westwood squibb pharmaceuticals inc
C and m pharmacal inc
Pharmaceutical assoc inc div beach products
Actavis mid atlantic llc
Alpharma us pharmaceuticals division
Altana inc
Ambix laboratories div organics corp america
Everylife
E fougera div altana inc
G and w laboratories inc
Ingram pharmaceutical co
Ivax pharmaceuticals inc
Naska pharmacal co inc div rugby darby group cosmetics
Perrigo new york inc
Pharmaderm div altana inc
Pharmafair inc
Stiefel laboratories inc
Syosset laboratories inc
Taro pharmaceuticals usa inc
Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
Topiderm inc
Usl pharma inc
Vintage pharmaceuticals inc
Whiteworth towne paulsen inc
Sanofi aventis us llc
Coria laboratories ltd
Medicis pharmaceutical corp
Paddock laboratories inc
Ani pharmaceuticals inc
Teva pharmaceuticals usa
Healthpoint ltd
Allergan herbert skin care div allergan inc
Pharmacia and upjohn co
Baker norton pharmaceuticals inc
Solvay pharmaceuticals
Beta dermaceuticals inc
Bluline laboratories inc
Heran pharmaceutical inc
Mericon industries inc
Perrigo co
Pfizer global research development
Carolina medical products co
Dermik laboratories div aventis pharmaceuticals inc
Torch laboratories inc
X gen pharmaceuticals inc
Jsj pharmaceuticals llc
Pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc
Barr laboratories inc
Elkins sinn div ah robins co inc
John j ferrante
Impax laboratories inc
Inwood laboratories inc sub forest laboratories inc
Lannett co inc
Nexgen pharma inc
Panray corp sub ormont drug and chemical co inc
Parke davis div warner lambert co
Purepac pharmaceutical co
Roxane laboratories inc
Sandoz inc
Stiefel a gsk co
Vintage pharmaceuticals llc
Watson laboratories inc
West ward pharmaceutical corp
Merck and co inc
Pfipharmecs div pfizer inc
Schwarz pharma inc
Able laboratories inc
Hr cenci laboratories inc
Ferndale laboratories inc
Akorn inc
Bel mar laboratories inc
Colgate oral pharmaceuticals inc
Taro pharmaceutical industries ltd
Triax pharmaceuticals llc
Yamanouchi europe bv
Savage laboratories inc div altana inc
Abbott laboratories pharmaceutical products div
Abbott laboratories hosp products div
Hospira inc
Abraxis pharmaceutical products
Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care
International medication systems ltd
Taro pharmaceuticals inc
Ranbaxy laboratories inc

Packagers

Actavis Group
Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
AG Marin Pharmaceuticals
Alaven Pharmaceutical
Alcon Laboratories
Amerisource Health Services Corp.
Ani Pharmaceuticals
Anip Acquisition Co.
Arbor Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
A-S Medication Solutions LLC
Avidas Pharmaceuticals
Bay Pharma Inc.
Bayer Healthcare
Bergen Brunswig
Beta Dermaceuticals
Bio Pharm Inc.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
C.O. Truxton Inc.
Cardinal Health
Carlisle Laboratories Inc.
Carolina Medical Products Co.
Chattem Chemicals Inc.
Co Med Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Colgate Oral
Combe Inc.
Consolidated Midland Corp.
Contract Pharm
Crown Laboratories Inc.
Cutis Pharma Inc.
Cypress Pharmaceutical Inc.
Darby Dental Supply Co. Inc.
Del Ray Dermatology
Dermik Labs
DispenseXpress Inc.
Dispensing Solutions
Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
Dofs Laboratories
DPT Laboratories Ltd.
DSC Laboratories
E. Fougera and Co.
ECR Pharmaceuticals
Elkins-Sinn Inc.
Enterprises Importfab Inc.
Ferndale Labs
G & W Labs
Genesis Pharmaceutical Inc.
Gertz
H and H Laboratories
H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
Harmony Laboratories Inc.
Hi Tech Pharmacal Co. Inc.
Hospira Inc.
Inyx Usa Ltd.
JHP Pharmaceuticals LLC
Johnson & Johnson Healthcare
JSJ Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Kaiser Foundation Hospital
Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
Lehigh Valley Technologies Inc.
Lyne Laboratories Inc.
Major Pharmaceuticals
Mallinckrodt Inc.
Martin Surgical Supply
Meda AB
Mikart Inc.
Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
National Vitamin Company
Nexgen Pharma Inc.
Nycomed Inc.
Paddock Labs
Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Patheon Inc.
Perrigo Co.
Person & Covey
Pfizer Inc.
Pharmacia Inc.
Pharmaderm
Pharmedix
Physician Partners Ltd.
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Professional Co.
Prometic Pharma Inc.
Qualitest
Ranbaxy Laboratories
Rebel Distributors Corp.
Redpharm Drug
Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
Rising Pharmaceuticals
River's Edge Pharmaceuticals
Rouses Point Pharmaceuticals LLC
Salix Pharmaceuticals
Sandhills Packaging Inc.
Sandoz
Sanofi-Aventis Inc.
Schwarz Pharma Inc.
Solvay Pharmaceuticals
Southwood Pharmaceuticals
Stanley Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Stat Rx Usa
Stat Scripts LLC
Summers Labs
Suppositoria Laboratories Inc.
Taro Pharmaceuticals USA
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Topiderm Inc.
Triax Pharmaceuticals LLC
UCB Pharma
United Pharmaceuticals
United Research Laboratories Inc.
Universal Laboratories Inc.
Upsher Smith Laboratories
Veratex Corp.
Vertical Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Vintage Pharmaceuticals Inc.
West-Ward Pharmaceuticals
Wockhardt Ltd.
WraSer Pharmaceuticals
Wyeth Pharmaceuticals

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Ointment	Topical	0.01 g/1g
Gel	Topical
Cream	Topical	1 g/1mL
Solution	Topical	1 g/100g
Cream	Topical	.05 mg/1g
Lotion	Topical	0.01 g/1g
Ointment	Topical	1 g/100g
Cream; jelly	Topical	1 %
Cream	Topical	0.01 g/1g
Cream	Topical	0.284 g/28.4g
Spray	Topical	10 g/1mL
Ointment	Topical	10 mg
Tablet	Oral	10 mg
Tablet	Oral	20 mg
Enema	Rectal	100 mg
Enema; suspension	Rectal	100 mg
Ointment	Topical	100 g/1g
Ointment	Ophthalmic
Solution	Auricular (otic)
Suspension	Topical
Lotion	Topical	1 g/100g
Lotion	Topical	10 mg/1g
Gel	Topical	1 g/100g
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic
Gel	Topical	1 mg/1g
Lotion	Topical	1 mg/1mL
Kit	Topical
Lotion	Topical	0.75 g/100mL
Cream	Topical	.284 g/28.4g
Cream	Topical	.284 g/287.4g
Cream	Topical	1 g/100mL
Cream	Topical	2.5 %
Solution	Topical	2.5 %
Kit	Oral
Ointment	Topical	10 mg/1mL
Cream	Topical	0.5 g/100g
Gel	Topical	10 mg/1g
Lotion	Topical	1 g/1mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	1.13 g/113g
Cream	Topical	1 h/100g
Cream	Topical	10 mg/1g
Cream	Topical	10 mg/1mL
Cream	Topical	25 mg/1g
Cream	Topical	5 mg/1g
Enema	Rectal	100 mg/60mL
Liquid	Topical	10 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	10 mg/1g
Lotion	Topical	1 g/100.65mL
Lotion	Topical	10 mg/1mL
Lotion	Topical	25 mg/1mL
Ointment	Topical	10 mg/1g
Ointment	Topical	25 mg/1g
Ointment	Topical	5 mg/1g
Powder	Not applicable	1 g/1g
Shampoo	Topical	1 g/100mL
Suspension	Rectal	100 mg/60mL
Tablet	Oral	10 mg/1
Tablet	Oral	20 mg/1
Tablet	Oral	5 mg/1
Emulsion	Topical
Cream	Topical	500 mg
Cream	Topical	1 g
Cream	Topical	1.02 g/100g
Cream	Topical	0.5 %
Cream	Topical	5 mg
Cream	Topical	10 mg
Ointment	Topical	0.5 %
Ointment	Topical	1 %
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	100 mg
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	250 mg
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	500 mg
Powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	1 g
Cream	Topical	140 mg/14g
Lotion	Topical	1 g/100mL
Spray	Topical	1 g/100g
Lotion	Topical	1.02 g/100g
Kit
Liquid	Topical	5 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	9 mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	10 mg/1mL
Ointment	Topical	1.02 g/100g
Cream	Topical	1 g/100g
Cream	Topical	0.009 g/1
Solution / drops	Auricular (otic)
Suspension	Ophthalmic
Suspension / drops	Auricular (otic)
Lotion	Topical	5 mg/1g
Liquid	Auricular (otic)
Suspension	Auricular (otic)
Kit		20 mg/1mL
Lipstick	Topical	0.005 g/1g
Lotion	Topical	0.025 mg/2.5mL
Cream	Topical	7.5 g/100mL
Cream	Topical	1 mg/1g
Liquid	Topical	0.28 mg/100mL
Ointment	Rectal
Suppository	Rectal
Ointment	Rectal; Topical	750 mg
Suppository	Rectal	10 mg
Cream	Topical	.01 mg/1g
Cream	Topical	0.51 g/100g
Spray	Topical	500 g/1g
Cream	Topical	1 mg/100mL
Lotion	Topical	2.5 %
Liquid	Topical	1 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical
Solution	Topical	25 mg/1mL
Lotion	Topical	1 %
Lotion	Topical	1 mL/100mL
Lotion	Topical
Ointment	Topical
Cream	Topical
Cream	Topical	10 mg/1L
Spray	Topical	10 g/1L

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Locoid Lipocream 0.1% Cream 60 gm Tube	335.36USD	tube
Cortifoam 90 mg Foam 15 gm Can	239.99USD	can
Locoid 0.1% Solution 60ml Bottle	233.15USD	bottle
Locoid Lipocream 0.1% Cream 45 gm Tube	200.98USD	tube
Locoid 0.1% Cream 45 gm Tube	183.83USD	tube
Locoid 0.1% Ointment 45 gm Tube	174.86USD	tube
Pandel 0.1% Cream 45 gm Tube	161.37USD	tube
Pandel 0.1% Cream 15 gm Tube	138.56USD	tube
Proctocort 1% Cream 28.35 gm Tube	127.51USD	tube
Anusol-HC 2.5% Cream 30 gm Tube	106.45USD	tube
Locoid Lipocream 0.1% Cream 15 gm Tube	85.41USD	tube
Texacort 2.5% Solution 30ml Bottle	85.41USD	bottle
Cortisporin 3.5-10000-1 Solution 10ml Bottle	84.33USD	bottle
Proctofoam HC 1-1% Foam 10 gm Can	81.9USD	can
Cortisporin 3.5-10000-1 Suspension 10ml Bottle	79.55USD	bottle
Locoid 0.1% Solution 20ml Bottle	79.28USD	bottle
Cortisporin 1% Ointment 15 gm Tube	75.09USD	tube
Locoid 0.1% Cream 15 gm Tube	67.49USD	tube
Hydrocortisone Ace-Pramoxine 2.5-1% Cream 28.35 gm Tube	64.75USD	tube
Locoid 0.1% Ointment 15 gm Tube	62.04USD	tube
Hydrocortisone Valerate 0.2% Ointment 60 gm Tube	56.74USD	tube
Hydrocortisone 2.5% Lotion 59 gm Bottle	55.61USD	bottle
Westcort 0.2% Ointment 60 gm Tube	55.0USD	tube
Cortisporin 0.5-0.5-10000 Cream 7.5 gm Tube	54.37USD	tube
Westcort 0.2% Ointment 15 gm Tube	50.99USD	tube
Hydrocortisone Butyrate 0.1% Cream 45 gm Tube	49.43USD	tube
Hydrocortisone Valerate 0.2% Ointment 45 gm Tube	48.73USD	tube
Hydrocortisone 2.5% Lotion 59ml Bottle	47.47USD	bottle
Westcort 0.2% Ointment 45 gm Tube	46.97USD	tube
Hydrocortisone Valerate 0.2% Cream 60 gm Tube	44.99USD	tube
Hydrocortisone Valerate 0.2% Cream 45 gm Tube	33.99USD	tube
Ala Scalp 2% Lotion 29.6ml Bottle	30.99USD	bottle
Hydrocortisone Valerate 0.2% Ointment 15 gm Tube	30.56USD	tube
Westcort 0.2% Cream 15 gm Tube	25.99USD	tube
Hydrocortisone Valerate 0.2% Cream 15 gm Tube	19.99USD	tube
Cortisporin eye drops	19.74USD	ml
Solu-Cortef 1 g/vial	17.55USD	vial
Hydrocortisone 1% Lotion 118ml Bottle	15.99USD	bottle
Hydrocortisone Acetate 12 25 mg Suppository Box	15.01USD	box
Hydrocortisone 2.5% Ointment 28.35 gm Tube	13.68USD	tube
Hydrocortisone 2.5% Cream 30 gm Tube	13.67USD	tube
Colocort 100 mg/60ml Enema 60ml Bottle	13.15USD	bottle
Hydrocortisone 100 mg/60ml Enema 60ml Bottle	12.6USD	bottle
Hydrocortisone 0.5% Cream 28.35 gm Tube	11.99USD	tube
Hydrocortisone 1% Cream 15 gm Tube	11.99USD	tube
Hydrocortisone 1% Cream 28 gm Tube	11.99USD	tube
Hydrocortisone Acetate 1-1% Ointment 30 gm Tube	11.99USD	tube
Solu-Cortef 500 mg/vial	10.47USD	vial
Hydrocortisone hemisucc powder	9.9USD	g
Cortifoam 10% aerosol	9.35USD	g
Hydrocortisone Sod. Succinate 1 g/vial	9.01USD	vial
Solu-cortef (pf) 250 mg vial	8.58USD	vial
Cortisporin-tc ear susp	8.3USD	ml
Cortisporin ear suspension	7.86USD	ml
Solu-Cortef 250 mg/vial	7.05USD	vial
Cortenema (100 mg/60Ml) 100 mg/enm Enema	6.96USD	enema
Proctofoam-hc foam	6.77USD	g
Cortifoam 10 % Foam	6.14USD	g
Hycort (100 mg/60Ml) 100 mg/enm Enema	5.79USD	enema
Cortamed 2.5 % Ointment	5.67USD	g
Hydrocortisone Sod. Succinate 500 mg/vial	5.34USD	vial
Hydrocortisone powder	5.19USD	g
Solu-cortef (pf) 100 mg vial	4.85USD	vial
Solu-cortef 100 mg vial	4.63USD	vial
Proctocort 1% cream	4.37USD	g
Pandel 0.1% cream	4.34USD	g
Locoid 0.1% lipocream	4.3USD	g
Solu-Cortef 100 mg/vial	4.07USD	vial
Locoid 0.1% cream	3.92USD	g
Hydrocortisone Sod. Succinate 250 mg/vial	3.56USD	vial
Hydrocortisone ss 250 mg vial	3.5USD	vial
Anusol-hc 2.5% cream	3.45USD	g
Hydrocortisone acet powder	3.15USD	g
Proctofoam	2.89USD	g
A-hydrocort 100 mg vial	2.42USD	each
Proctocream-hc 2.5% cream	2.17USD	g
Hydrocortisone Sod. Succinate 100 mg/vial	2.1USD	vial
Hydrocortisone val 0.2% cream	2.07USD	g
Hytone 2.5% cream	1.46USD	g
Hydrocortisone buty 0.1% cream	1.31USD	g
First hydrocort 10% gel	1.18USD	g
Westcort 0.2% cream	1.17USD	g
Procto-kit 1% cream	1.08USD	g
Ala-scalp hp 2% lotion	1.03USD	ml
Cortef 20 mg tablet	0.9USD	tablet
Proctosol-hc 2.5% cream	0.89USD	g
Proctozone-hc 2.5% cream	0.83USD	g
Orabase plain paste	0.77USD	g
Hydrocortisone 2.5% lotion	0.6USD	ml
Cortef 10 mg tablet	0.55USD	tablet
Orabase-b 20% gel	0.55USD	g
Hydrocortisone 2.5% cream	0.53USD	g
Hydrocortisone 10 mg tablet	0.52USD	tablet
Cortef 5 mg tablet	0.45USD	tablet
Ala-cort 1% cream	0.43USD	g
Hydrocortisone 5 mg tablet	0.38USD	tablet
Corticaine 0.5% cream	0.37USD	g
Hydrocortisone 20 mg tablet	0.32USD	tablet
Prevex Hc 1 % Occlusive Cream	0.3USD	g
Emo-Cort 2.5 % Cream	0.26USD	g
Preparation h 1% cream	0.24USD	g
Tucks hydrocortisone ointment	0.24USD	g
Emo-Cort 2.5 % Lotion	0.23USD	g
Emo-Cort Scalp 2.5 % Lotion	0.22USD	g
Colocort 100 mg enema	0.21USD	ml
Cortenema 100 mg enema	0.21USD	ml
Sarna Hc 2.5 % Lotion	0.2USD	g
Emo-Cort 1 % Cream	0.19USD	g
Balneol lotion	0.18USD	ml
Emo-Cort 1 % Lotion	0.18USD	g
Lanacort 1% cool creme	0.18USD	g
Hyderm 0.5 % Cream	0.18USD	g
Hytone 1% cream	0.17USD	g
Cortoderm Mild 0.5 % Ointment	0.15USD	g
Beta hc 1% lotion	0.14USD	ml
Cortizone-10 1% spray	0.14USD	ml
Hydroval 0.2 % Cream	0.13USD	g
Hydroval 0.2 % Ointment	0.13USD	g
Aquanil hc 1% lotion	0.12USD	ml
Hydrocortisone plus 12 1% crm	0.12USD	g
Scalpicin 3% liquid	0.12USD	ml
Slender cortisol capsule	0.12USD	capsule
Cortaid 1% spray	0.1USD	ml
Sarna Hc 1 % Lotion	0.1USD	g
Hydrocortisone 0.5% cream	0.08USD	g
Hydrocortisone 1% cream	0.08USD	g
Uniderm moisturizer	0.05USD	ml
Cortoderm Regular 1 % Ointment	0.04USD	g
Hyderm 1 % Cream	0.04USD	g

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
Unlock Additional Data
US5635497	No	1997-06-03	2014-06-03
US7378405	No	2008-05-27	2026-12-19
US7981877	No	2011-07-19	2025-01-23
USRE39264	No	2006-09-05	2016-08-02
US6514980	No	2003-02-04	2019-01-24
US7223387	No	2007-05-29	2021-07-24

Additional Data Available

Filed On

The date on which a patent was filed with the relevant government.

Learn more

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	220 °C	PhysProp
water solubility	320 mg/L (at 25 °C)	YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP	1.61	HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
logS	-2.97	ADME Research, USCD
Caco2 permeability	-4.66	ADME Research, USCD

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.199 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	1.79	ALOGPS
logP	1.28	ChemAxon
logS	-3.3	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	12.59	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-2.8	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	5	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	94.83 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	97.4 m³·mol^-1	ChemAxon
Polarizability	39.45 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	4	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted ADMET features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	0.9918
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.9383
Caco-2 permeable	-	0.5096
P-glycoprotein substrate	Substrate	0.7861
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.7847
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.8383
Renal organic cation transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.7463
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8496
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.9138
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Substrate	0.7407
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Non-inhibitor	0.9406
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9072
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9418
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9253
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8902
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.9095
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.9132
Carcinogenicity	Non-carcinogens	0.9597
Biodegradation	Not ready biodegradable	0.925
Rat acute toxicity	1.8914 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.95
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Non-inhibitor	0.584

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Download (2.96 KB)

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 MEOX; 3 TMS)	GC-MS	splash10-0f7o-3930000000-b7b43b2fc9f20acfd20b
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	GC-MS	splash10-0f7o-3930000000-b7b43b2fc9f20acfd20b
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF	GC-MS	splash10-052f-2910000000-2625335a031486ecb302
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positive	LC-MS/MS	Not Available
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positive	LC-MS/MS	Not Available
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-015a-0189000000-61afe49a8d4a96aae3f9
MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-00lu-0149000000-b95a11b27f7e7d44dd51
MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-001l-0019000000-4c4924e6ac472ad52886
MS/MS Spectrum - , negative	LC-MS/MS	splash10-001j-0259000000-fda4e876e9ef04015946
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-03di-0009000000-cc8188e19dbdd6210b77
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-07r1-1985000000-b6d756bd554367393be3
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-00dj-1930000000-120dc8893cc4709c1f6b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-00dm-2910000000-d1f01e1bce5fe0108f40
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-05tf-3900000000-4ffd79c22013fe5479b6
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-054o-4900000000-fdbed869a0cadc21b64b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-002f-7900000000-dac7b2c5b3f8e8b85086
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-016u-7900000000-3a770c3819f82ea45841
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-016r-9800000000-d261cf7141fbf30715f5
MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-056r-0289000000-9a48511b5c3d5fa404e9
MS/MS Spectrum - , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-03di-0759000000-b337a46ecfd6de91776b
MS/MS Spectrum - , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-05fs-3940000000-2bf712a915c3a2c100a2

Taxonomy

Description: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. These are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone.
Kingdom: Organic compounds
Super Class: Lipids and lipid-like molecules
Class: Steroids and steroid derivatives
Sub Class: Hydroxysteroids
Direct Parent: 21-hydroxysteroids
Alternative Parents: Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives / 20-oxosteroids / 3-oxo delta-4-steroids / 17-hydroxysteroids / 11-beta-hydroxysteroids / Delta-4-steroids / Cyclohexenones / Tertiary alcohols / Alpha-hydroxy ketones / Secondary alcohols
show 4 more
Substituents: Progestogin-skeleton / 21-hydroxysteroid / 20-oxosteroid / Pregnane-skeleton / 3-oxo-delta-4-steroid / 3-oxosteroid / Oxosteroid / 11-beta-hydroxysteroid / 11-hydroxysteroid / 17-hydroxysteroid
show 16 more
Molecular Framework: Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors: 3-oxo steroid, 11beta-hydroxy steroid, 17alpha-hydroxy steroid, glucocorticoid, 20-oxo steroid, 21-hydroxy steroid, C21-steroid (CHEBI:17650) / Pregnane and derivatives [Fig], Glucocorticoids, C21 steroids (gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogens) and derivatives (C00735) / C21 steroids (gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins) and derivatives (LMST02030001)

Targets

Property	Measurement	pH	Temperature (°C)	References
Ki (nM)	30	N/A	N/A	20334371

Details1. Glucocorticoid receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Agonist

General Function: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function: Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modula...
Gene Name: NR3C1
Uniprot ID: P04150
Uniprot Name: Glucocorticoid receptor
Molecular Weight: 85658.57 Da

References

Grossman R, Yehuda R, Golier J, McEwen B, Harvey P, Maria NS: Cognitive effects of intravenous hydrocortisone in subjects with PTSD and healthy control subjects. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Jul;1071:410-21. [PubMed:16891588]
Rautanen A, Eriksson JG, Kere J, Andersson S, Osmond C, Tienari P, Sairanen H, Barker DJ, Phillips DI, Forsen T, Kajantie E: Associations of body size at birth with late-life cortisol concentrations and glucose tolerance are modified by haplotypes of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4544-51. Epub 2006 Aug 8. [PubMed:16895953]
Hammer F, Stewart PM: Cortisol metabolism in hypertension. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Sep;20(3):337-53. [PubMed:16980198]
Shaw JR, Gabor K, Hand E, Lankowski A, Durant L, Thibodeau R, Stanton CR, Barnaby R, Coutermarsh B, Karlson KH, Sato JD, Hamilton JW, Stanton BA: Role of glucocorticoid receptor in acclimation of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) to seawater and effects of arsenic. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Feb;292(2):R1052-60. Epub 2006 Oct 12. [PubMed:17038445]
Sher L: Combined dexamethasone suppression-corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in studies of depression, alcoholism, and suicidal behavior. ScientificWorldJournal. 2006 Oct 31;6:1398-404. [PubMed:17086345]

Details2. Annexin A1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Agonist

General Function: Structural molecule activity
Specific Function: Plays important roles in the innate immune response as effector of glucocorticoid-mediated responses and regulator of the inflammatory process. Has anti-inflammatory activity (PubMed:8425544). Play...
Gene Name: ANXA1
Uniprot ID: P04083
Uniprot Name: Annexin A1
Molecular Weight: 38713.855 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
Sato-Matsumura KC, Matsumura T, Nakamura H, Sawa H, Nagashima K, Koizumi H: Membrane expression of annexin I is enhanced by calcium and TPA in cultured human keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res. 2000 Oct;292(10):496-9. [PubMed:11142771]
White MV, Igarashi Y, Lundgren JD, Shelhamer J, Kaliner M: Hydrocortisone inhibits rat basophilic leukemia cell mediator release induced by neutrophil-derived histamine releasing activity as well as by anti-IgE. J Immunol. 1991 Jul 15;147(2):667-73. [PubMed:1712816]
Serres M, Viac J, Comera C, Schmitt D: Expression of annexin I in freshly isolated human epidermal cells and in cultured keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res. 1994;286(5):268-72. [PubMed:8060156]

Details3. Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Steroid binding
Specific Function: Catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. Modulates intracellular glucocorticoid levels, thus protecting the nonselective mineralocorticoid receptor from occupation...
Gene Name: HSD11B2
Uniprot ID: P80365
Uniprot Name: Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2
Molecular Weight: 44126.06 Da

References

Furstenberger C, Vuorinen A, Da Cunha T, Kratschmar DV, Saugy M, Schuster D, Odermatt A: The anabolic androgenic steroid fluoxymesterone inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2-dependent glucocorticoid inactivation. Toxicol Sci. 2012 Apr;126(2):353-61. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs022. Epub 2012 Jan 23. [PubMed:22273746]

Details4. 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Steroid delta-isomerase activity
Specific Function: 3-beta-HSD is a bifunctional enzyme, that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of Delta(5)-ene-3-beta-hydroxy steroid, and the oxidative conversion of ketosteroids. The 3-beta-HSD enzymatic system pl...
Gene Name: HSD3B1
Uniprot ID: P14060
Uniprot Name: 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1
Molecular Weight: 42251.25 Da

References

Bhatia C, Oerum S, Bray J, Kavanagh KL, Shafqat N, Yue W, Oppermann U: Towards a systematic analysis of human short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR): Ligand identification and structure-activity relationships. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Jun 5;234:114-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.013. Epub 2014 Dec 16. [PubMed:25526675]

Enzymes

Property	Measurement	pH	Temperature (°C)	References
IC 50 (nM)	>50000	N/A	N/A	12699389

Details1. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate
Inducer

General Function: Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name: CYP3A4
Uniprot ID: P08684
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight: 57342.67 Da

References

Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
Ekins S, Bravi G, Wikel JH, Wrighton SA: Three-dimensional-quantitative structure activity relationship analysis of cytochrome P-450 3A4 substrates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Oct;291(1):424-33. [PubMed:10490933]
Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table [Link]

Details2. Cytochrome P450 3A5

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Oxygen binding
Specific Function: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name: CYP3A5
Uniprot ID: P20815
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 3A5
Molecular Weight: 57108.065 Da

References

Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table [Link]

Details3. Cytochrome P450 3A7

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Oxygen binding
Specific Function: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name: CYP3A7
Uniprot ID: P24462
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 3A7
Molecular Weight: 57525.03 Da

References

Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table [Link]

Details4. Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Steroid 11-beta-monooxygenase activity
Specific Function: Has steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase activity. In addition to this activity, the 18 or 19-hydroxylation of steroids and the aromatization of androstendione to estrone have also been ascribed to cytochro...
Gene Name: CYP11B1
Uniprot ID: P15538
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial
Molecular Weight: 57572.44 Da

References

Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]

Details5. Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Steroid 11-beta-monooxygenase activity
Specific Function: Preferentially catalyzes the conversion of 11-deoxycorticosterone to aldosterone via corticosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone.
Gene Name: CYP11B2
Uniprot ID: P19099
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial
Molecular Weight: 57559.62 Da

References

Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]

Details6. Cytochrome P450 2C8

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inducer

General Function: Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name: CYP2C8
Uniprot ID: P10632
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 2C8
Molecular Weight: 55824.275 Da

References

Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
Bauersachs J, Christ M, Ertl G, Michaelis UR, Fisslthaler B, Busse R, Fleming I: Cytochrome P450 2C expression and EDHF-mediated relaxation in porcine coronary arteries is increased by cortisol. Cardiovasc Res. 2002 Jun;54(3):669-75. [PubMed:12031713]

Carriers

Property	Measurement	pH	Temperature (°C)	References
Kd (nM)	631	N/A	N/A	18330978

Details1. Sex hormone-binding globulin

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Androgen binding
Specific Function: Functions as an androgen transport protein, but may also be involved in receptor mediated processes. Each dimer binds one molecule of steroid. Specific for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone...
Gene Name: SHBG
Uniprot ID: P04278
Uniprot Name: Sex hormone-binding globulin
Molecular Weight: 43778.755 Da

References

Khoromi S, Muniyappa R, Nackers L, Gray N, Baldwin H, Wong KA, Matheny LA, Moquin B, Rainer A, Hill S, Remaley A, Johnson LL, Max MB, Blackman MR: Effects of chronic osteoarthritis pain on neuroendocrine function in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4313-8. Epub 2006 Aug 15. [PubMed:16912126]
Stroud LR, Solomon C, Shenassa E, Papandonatos G, Niaura R, Lipsitt LP, Lewinn K, Buka SL: Long-term stability of maternal prenatal steroid hormones from the National Collaborative Perinatal Project: still valid after all these years. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007 Feb;32(2):140-50. Epub 2007 Jan 31. [PubMed:17270355]
Lombardi G, Mondaini N, Macchiarella A, Del Popolo G: Female sexual dysfunction and hormonal status in spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. J Androl. 2007 Sep-Oct;28(5):722-6. Epub 2007 May 9. [PubMed:17494102]
Shifren JL, Desindes S, McIlwain M, Doros G, Mazer NA: A randomized, open-label, crossover study comparing the effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen therapy on serum androgens, thyroid hormones, and adrenal hormones in naturally menopausal women. Menopause. 2007 Nov-Dec;14(6):985-94. [PubMed:17507833]
Rizzo L, Dobrovsky V, Danilowicz K, Kral M, Cross G, Serra HA, Bruno OD: Low-dose glucocorticoids in hyperandrogenism. Medicina (B Aires). 2007;67(3):247-52. [PubMed:17628912]

Details2. Corticosteroid-binding globulin

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Steroid binding
Specific Function: Major transport protein for glucocorticoids and progestins in the blood of almost all vertebrate species.
Gene Name: SERPINA6
Uniprot ID: P08185
Uniprot Name: Corticosteroid-binding globulin
Molecular Weight: 45140.49 Da

References

Henley DE, Lightman SL: New insights into corticosteroid-binding globulin and glucocorticoid delivery. Neuroscience. 2011 Apr 28;180:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.053. Epub 2011 Mar 1. [PubMed:21371536]

Transporters

Property	Measurement	pH	Temperature (°C)	References
IC 50 (nM)	>50000	N/A	N/A	12699389

Details1. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function: Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name: ABCB1
Uniprot ID: P08183
Uniprot Name: Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight: 141477.255 Da

References

Schwab D, Fischer H, Tabatabaei A, Poli S, Huwyler J: Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery. J Med Chem. 2003 Apr 24;46(9):1716-25. [PubMed:12699389]
Kim RB, Wandel C, Leake B, Cvetkovic M, Fromm MF, Dempsey PJ, Roden MM, Belas F, Chaudhary AK, Roden DM, Wood AJ, Wilkinson GR: Interrelationship between substrates and inhibitors of human CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 1999 Mar;16(3):408-14. [PubMed:10213372]
Yates CR, Chang C, Kearbey JD, Yasuda K, Schuetz EG, Miller DD, Dalton JT, Swaan PW: Structural determinants of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of glucocorticoids. Pharm Res. 2003 Nov;20(11):1794-803. [PubMed:14661924]
Ueda K, Okamura N, Hirai M, Tanigawara Y, Saeki T, Kioka N, Komano T, Hori R: Human P-glycoprotein transports cortisol, aldosterone, and dexamethasone, but not progesterone. J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 5;267(34):24248-52. [PubMed:1360010]
Orlowski S, Mir LM, Belehradek J Jr, Garrigos M: Effects of steroids and verapamil on P-glycoprotein ATPase activity: progesterone, desoxycorticosterone, corticosterone and verapamil are mutually non-exclusive modulators. Biochem J. 1996 Jul 15;317 ( Pt 2):515-22. [PubMed:8713080]

Details2. ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function: High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
Gene Name: ABCG2
Uniprot ID: Q9UNQ0
Uniprot Name: ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
Molecular Weight: 72313.47 Da

References

Imai Y, Asada S, Tsukahara S, Ishikawa E, Tsuruo T, Sugimoto Y: Breast cancer resistance protein exports sulfated estrogens but not free estrogens. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;64(3):610-8. [PubMed:12920197]

Details3. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function: Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids (By similarity). Selectively inhibit...
Gene Name: SLCO1A2
Uniprot ID: P46721
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
Molecular Weight: 74144.105 Da

References

Kanai N, Lu R, Bao Y, Wolkoff AW, Schuster VL: Transient expression of oatp organic anion transporter in mammalian cells: identification of candidate substrates. Am J Physiol. 1996 Feb;270(2 Pt 2):F319-25. [PubMed:8779893]
Bossuyt X, Muller M, Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ: Polyspecific drug and steroid clearance by an organic anion transporter of mammalian liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Mar;276(3):891-6. [PubMed:8786566]

Details4. Solute carrier family 22 member 8

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate
Curator comments: Cortisol demonstrated substrate activity in vitro using human OAT3 expressed on Xenopus Laevis.

General Function: Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function: Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
Gene Name: SLC22A8
Uniprot ID: Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Molecular Weight: 59855.585 Da

References

VanWert AL, Gionfriddo MR, Sweet DH: Organic anion transporters: discovery, pharmacology, regulation and roles in pathophysiology. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2010 Jan;31(1):1-71. doi: 10.1002/bdd.693. [PubMed:19953504]

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on May 20, 2019 07:06

Hydrocortisone

Identification

Structure for Hydrocortisone (DB00741)

Pharmacology

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Pharmacoeconomics

Properties

Spectra

Taxonomy

Targets

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Enzymes

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Carriers

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Transporters

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