Identification
- Name
- Ubidecarenone
- Accession Number
- DB09270
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical
- Description
Ubidecarenone, also called coenzyme Q10, is a 1,4-benzoquinone. From his name (Q10), the Q refers to the constitutive quinone group, and 10 is related to the number of isoprenyl subunits in its tail.1 It is a powerful antioxidant, a lipid-soluble and essential cofactor in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.2 The ubidecarenone is the coenzyme destined for mitochondrial enzyme complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation in the production of ATP. It is fundamental for cells that have a high metabolic demand.7 Ubidecarenone is sold as a dietary supplement and is not FDA approved as a drug thus, it is not meant to treat, cure or prevent any disease. FDA does not approve this dietary supplements before sold nor regulate the manufacturing process.8
- Structure
Structure for Ubidecarenone (DB09270)
- Synonyms
- Coenzyme Q-10
- Coenzyme Q10
- Ubidecarenone
- External IDs
- API 31510 / API-31510 / NSC-140865
- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Coenzyme q10, (2z)- U705VLF0VW 65085-29-2 ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-LLOLQPSSSA-N - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Unlock Additional DataActi-ubiquinone 50 Cap 50mg Capsule Oral Acti Form Ltd. 1991-12-31 2005-03-21 Canada 
Biogard Ubiquinone Cap 30mg Capsule Oral Sisu Inc. 1994-12-31 2001-08-01 Canada Biomed Co Q 10 Capsule Oral Sisu Inc. 1998-02-11 2008-07-25 Canada Cell Tech Coenzyme Q10 - Cap 30mg Capsule Oral Cell Tech 1996-11-12 2000-10-05 Canada Cellsparc 360 Capsule Oral Aim International, Inc. 1998-07-29 2008-09-03 Canada Co Q 10 - 50mg Cap Capsule Oral Albi Naturals 1994-12-31 2008-07-17 Canada Co-enzyme Q-10 Capsule Oral Holista Health (Canada) Inc. 1996-12-31 2002-08-06 Canada Co-enzyme Q-10 Capsule Oral Seroyal International Inc. 1995-12-31 2008-07-14 Canada Co-enzyme Q10 100mg Capsule Oral Natural Factors Nutritional Products Ltd. 1999-07-12 2009-09-28 Canada Co-enzyme Q10 30mg Capsules Capsule Oral Alive Vitamins 1998-07-27 2005-07-04 Canada Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication Number
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct Code
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
Learn more
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End B.E.T. Complex Ubidecarenone (10 mg) + Beta carotene (1250 unit) + Calcium ascorbate (75 mg) + Chromium (400 mcg) + Cyanocobalamin (100 mcg) + Folic acid (0.2 mg) + Iodine (0.15 mg) + Magnesium (200 mg) + Manganese (5 mg) + Nicotinamide (35 mg) + Sodium metavanadate (75 mcg) + Vitamin A palmitate (1250 unit) + alpha-Tocopherol succinate (50 unit) Tablet Oral Abundance Naturally Ltd 2000-12-06 2004-06-30 Canada Biosculpt Ubidecarenone (1.5 mg) + Choline bitartrate (0.3 mg) + Chromium (40 mcg) + Inositol (0.3 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (60 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (4 mg) Solution Oral Maxion Nutrition Corp. 2002-06-10 2004-07-20 Canada C.V. Formula Ubidecarenone (30 mg) + Vitamin E (30 unit) Liquid Oral Morinda Canada 2001-06-27 2005-07-13 Canada Co-q10 and Vitamin E Ubidecarenone (100 mg) + alpha-Tocopherol succinate (300 unit) Capsule Oral Biomed International Products Corp. 2003-10-01 2006-06-29 Canada Co-q10 M.R.B. 100mg and Vitamin E Ubidecarenone (100 mg) + Vitamin E (150 unit) Capsule Oral Inno Vite Incorporated 2004-01-23 2007-07-31 Canada Co-q10 M.R.B. 60mg Ubidecarenone (60 mg) + Vitamin E (150 unit) Capsule Oral Inno Vite Incorporated 2003-09-17 2007-07-31 Canada Coen.q10w.vit.c and E Beta-car.se Cu Zn Mn Ubidecarenone (10 mg) + Ascorbic acid (300 mg) + Beta carotene (5000 unit) + Copper (1 mg) + D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (200 unit) + Manganese (5 mg) + Selenium (15 mcg) + Zinc (5 mg) Capsule Oral Jamieson Laboratories Ltd 1995-12-31 2001-09-14 Canada Coenzyme Q10 + Ubidecarenone (30 mg) + Vitamin E (30 mg) Capsule Oral Body Wise International Llc Not applicable Not applicable Canada Coenzyme Q10 Isotonix Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Ubidecarenone (30.03 mg) + Potassium (32.43 mg) + Riboflavin (0.9 mg) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (60.06 mg) Powder Oral Market America 2002-06-04 2008-09-04 Canada Coq10 With E400 Iu Ubidecarenone (30 mg) + Vitamin E (400 unit) Capsule Oral Pharmavite 1999-09-15 2004-07-20 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Dyzbac Ubidecarenone (25 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (125 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (500 [iU]/1) + Leucovorin (1 mg/1) + Lipoic acid (150 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (1 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (12.5 mg/1) + Resveratrol (50 mg/1) Tablet Oral Basiem 2015-11-05 2016-01-01 US 
Dyzbac Ubidecarenone (50 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (150 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (0.0125 mg/1) + Leucovorin (1 mg/1) + Lipoic acid (125 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (1 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (12.5 mg/1) + Resveratrol (50 mg/1) Tablet Oral Basiem 2015-10-28 2015-11-01 US IQQU Acne Serum Ubidecarenone (0.0012 g/1g) + Lecithin, soybean (0.024 g/30g) + Levocarnitine (0.012 g/1g) Lotion Topical Iqqu Usa Co. 2009-08-01 Not applicable US Lexazin Coenzyme q10, (2z)- (50 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (125 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (500 [iU]/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (5 mg/1) + NADH (5 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (12.5 mg/1) + Thiamine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) Capsule Oral Sterling Knight Pharmaceuticals LLC 2018-01-02 2018-10-01 US Mebolex Ubidecarenone (25 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (125 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (0.0125 mg/1) + Leucovorin (1 mg/1) + Lipoic acid (150 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (1 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (12.5 mg/1) + Resveratrol (50 mg/1) Tablet Oral Solubiomix 2015-10-28 2016-01-01 US Medi-10 Ubidecarenone (16 mg/1) + Acetylcysteine (200 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (1000 [iU]/1) + Chromium picolinate (1 mg/1) + Levomefolate calcium (2.5 mg/1) + Lipoic acid (200 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (2.5 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (10 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (20 mg/1) + Resveratrol (83 mg/1) Capsule Oral Medicap Laboratories Inc. 2015-05-01 2016-01-12 US Methazel Coenzyme q10, (2z)- (25 mg/1) + Acetylcysteine (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Lipoic acid (50 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (2.5 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (50 mg/1) Capsule Oral Sterling-Knight Pharmaceuticals, LLC 2015-10-12 2019-12-01 US PreQue 10 Ubidecarenone (50 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (30 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (120 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (1 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (1 ug/1) + Doconexent (50 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (25 mg/1) + Folic acid (0.5 mg/1) + Iron (15 mg/1) + Lycopene (5 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (10 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.7 mg/1) + Selenium (7.5 ug/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1 mg/1) + Vitamin A (1250 [iU]/1) + Zinc oxide (12.5 mg/1) + alpha-Tocopherol succinate (15 [iU]/1) Tablet Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 2011-11-01 2013-02-11 US PreQue 10 Ubidecarenone (50 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (30 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (120 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (1 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (1 ug/1) + Doconexent (50 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (25 mg/1) + Folic acid (0.5 mg/1) + Iron (15 mg/1) + Lycopene (5 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (10 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.7 mg/1) + Selenium (7.5 ug/1) + Thiamine chloride (1 mg/1) + Vitamin A (1250 [iU]/1) + Vitamin E (15 [iU]/1) + Zinc oxide (12.5 mg/1) Tablet Oral Actavis Pharma, Inc. 2011-11-01 2017-10-31 US Vita-Rx Diabetic Vitamin Ubidecarenone (50 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Biotin (2.5 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (0.0625 mg/1) + Chromium picolinate (0.465 mg/1) + Folic acid (0.8 mg/1) + Lipoic acid (150 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (0.0025 mg/1) + Niacin (20 mg/1) + Calcium pantothenate (10 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (12.5 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.7 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.5 mg/1) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (10 mg/1) Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Pure Source, Llc 2015-08-11 Not applicable US - Categories
- Agents Causing Muscle Toxicity
- Benzoquinones
- Cardiac Therapy
- Coenzymes
- Diet, Food, and Nutrition
- Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins
- Enzymes and Coenzymes
- Food
- Food and Beverages
- Growth Substances
- Hypoglycemia-Associated Agents
- Micronutrients
- Other Nutritional Agents
- P-glycoprotein substrates
- Physiological Phenomena
- Quinones
- Vitamins
- UNII
- EJ27X76M46
- CAS number
- 303-98-0
- Weight
- Average: 863.3435
Monoisotopic: 862.683911368 - Chemical Formula
- C59H90O4
- InChI Key
- ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C59H90O4/c1-44(2)24-15-25-45(3)26-16-27-46(4)28-17-29-47(5)30-18-31-48(6)32-19-33-49(7)34-20-35-50(8)36-21-37-51(9)38-22-39-52(10)40-23-41-53(11)42-43-55-54(12)56(60)58(62-13)59(63-14)57(55)61/h24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40,42H,15-23,25,27,29,31,33,35,37,39,41,43H2,1-14H3/b45-26+,46-28+,47-30+,48-32+,49-34+,50-36+,51-38+,52-40+,53-42+
- IUPAC Name
- 2-[(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E,26E,30E,34E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39-decamethyltetraconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38-decaen-1-yl]-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
- SMILES
- COC1=C(OC)C(=O)C(C\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C1=O
Pharmacology
- Indication
The diet supplements containing ubidecarenone are indicated, as stated in the product label, to assist individuals with cardiovascular complaints including congestive heart failure and systolic hypertension. In the product, ubidecarenone is used to increase the cardiac input as well as for the prevention of several other diseases like Parkinson, fibromyalgia, migraine, periodontal disease and diabetes, based on preclinical studies.9 It is important to highlight that these products are not FDA approved and it is recommended to use under discretion.
- Associated Conditions
- Pharmacodynamics
Ubidecarenon has roles in many prysiological process including sulfide oxidation, regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and translocation of protons and calcium ions accross biological membranes. Studies have shown its benefitial effect in treating cancer, statin myopathy, congestive heart failure and hypertension.2
- Mechanism of action
Ubidecarenone is an essential cofactor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Its functions are the acceptance of electrons from the complex I and II and this activity is vital for the production of ATP. It acts as a mobile redox agent shuttling electrons and protons in the electron transport chain.5 Ubidecarenone also presents antioxidant activity in mitochondria and cellular membranes, protecting against peroxidation of lipid membranes as well as inhibiting oxidation of LDL-cholesterol.10
Target Actions Organism ANADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial cofactorHumans ASuccinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial cofactorHumans - Absorption
Ubidecarenone is absorbed from the small intestine into the lymphatics and then it can enter the blood. The hydrophobicity and large molecular weight limit its absorption making it very poor and variable depending on the food intake and the number of lipids presented in the food. The absorption is lower in the presence of an empty stomach and greater in presence of high lipid food diet. The daily dosage of ubidecarenone presents the reach of maximal serum concentration by reaching a plateau after three weeks.10 The pharmacokinetic properties may vary between different brands but studies have reported an AUC of 11.51 mcg h/ml and a Cmax of 0.32 mcg/ml at a time of 7.9 h.3
- Volume of distribution
Ubidecarenone is distributed to the various tissues of the body and it is able to enter the brain.10 In preclinical studies with intravenous administration of ubidecarenone, it is reported a volume of distribution of 20.4 L/kg which reflects its ability to penetrate extensively into organs and tissues.4 AS a general rule, tissues with high-energy requirements or metabolic activity tend to presents higher amounts of ubidecarenone, these organs can be heart, kidney, liver and muscle.5
- Protein binding
In the blood, ubidecarenone is split into the various lipoprotein particles including LDL and VLDL.10 The plasma concentration of ubidecarenone is highly dependent on the presence of plasma lipoproteins and about 95% of the administered form is found in the reduced form.5
- Metabolism
Studies indicate that there is no saturation process during the metabolism of ubidecarenone. It is metabolized in all tissues by the phosphorylation in the cells and transportation to the kidneys for further excretion by the urine.11 After exerting its action, ubidecarenone is reduced and forms hydroquinone which is capable of recycling and regenerates other antioxidants such as tocopherol and ascorbate. The later metabolism of hydroquinone generates the formation of Q acid I and Q acid II in free and conjugated forms.5
- Route of elimination
The main elimination route of ubidecarenone is through the bile. After its oral administration, over 60% of the dose is excreted in the feces in the form of unchanged ubidecarenone and a small fraction of the metabolites.10,5 In the urine, ubidecarenone is bound to saposin B protein and represents only 8.3% of the total administered dose.5
- Half life
The pharmacokinetic properties may vary between different brands but studies have reported a half-life of ubidecarenone of 21.7 h.3
- Clearance
In preclinical studies with intravenous administration of ubidecarenone, it is reported a total clearance of 1.18 ml h/kg which was indicative of a prolonged elimination.4
- Toxicity
There have not been reports of adverse events of diet supplementation with ubidecarenone.6 The normal side effects reported in humans are related to the gastrointestinal tract.5
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Comprehensive structured data on known drug adverse effects with statistical prevalence. MedDRA and ICD10 ids are provided for adverse effect conditions and symptoms.
Learn moreStructured data covering drug contraindications. Each contraindication describes a scenario in which the drug is not to be used. Includes restrictions on co-administration, contraindicated populations, and more.
Learn moreStructured data representing warnings from the black box section of drug labels. These warnings cover important and dangerous risks, contraindications, or adverse effects.
Learn moreInteractions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Unlock Additional Data(R)-warfarin The therapeutic efficacy of (R)-warfarin can be decreased when used in combination with Ubidecarenone. (S)-Warfarin The therapeutic efficacy of (S)-Warfarin can be decreased when used in combination with Ubidecarenone. 2,4-thiazolidinedione The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Ubidecarenone is combined with 2,4-thiazolidinedione. 4-hydroxycoumarin The therapeutic efficacy of 4-hydroxycoumarin can be decreased when used in combination with Ubidecarenone. Acarbose The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Acarbose is combined with Ubidecarenone. Acenocoumarol The therapeutic efficacy of Acenocoumarol can be decreased when used in combination with Ubidecarenone. Acetohexamide The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Ubidecarenone is combined with Acetohexamide. Acipimox The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Acipimox is combined with Ubidecarenone. AICA ribonucleotide The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Ubidecarenone is combined with AICA ribonucleotide. Alaproclate The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Ubidecarenone is combined with Alaproclate. Additional Data Available- Extended DescriptionExtended Description
Extended description of the mechanism of action and particular properties of each drug interaction.
Learn more - Severity
- Evidence Level
- ActionAction
An effect category for each drug interaction. Know how this interaction affects the subject drug.
Learn more
- Food Interactions
- Take with or without food. Many different products contain ubidecarenone; refer to the product monograph for more specific instructions.
References
- General References
- Ernster L, Dallner G: Biochemical, physiological and medical aspects of ubiquinone function. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 May 24;1271(1):195-204. [PubMed:7599208]
- Xue R, Yang J, Wu J, Meng Q, Hao J: Coenzyme Q10 inhibits the activation of pancreatic stellate cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Oncotarget. 2017 Sep 23;8(54):92300-92311. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.21247. eCollection 2017 Nov 3. [PubMed:29190916]
- Kang EY, Choi JW, Gwak HS, Chun IK: Comparison of bioavailability of two ubidecarenone products in healthy Korean volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Mar;47(3):207-14. [PubMed:19281730]
- Kalenikova EI, Gorodetskaya EA, Medvedev OS: Pharmacokinetics of coenzyme q10. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2008 Sep;146(3):313-6. [PubMed:19240848]
- Bhagavan HN, Chopra RK: Coenzyme Q10: absorption, tissue uptake, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Free Radic Res. 2006 May;40(5):445-53. doi: 10.1080/10715760600617843. [PubMed:16551570]
- Shults CW, Oakes D, Kieburtz K, Beal MF, Haas R, Plumb S, Juncos JL, Nutt J, Shoulson I, Carter J, Kompoliti K, Perlmutter JS, Reich S, Stern M, Watts RL, Kurlan R, Molho E, Harrison M, Lew M: Effects of coenzyme Q10 in early Parkinson disease: evidence of slowing of the functional decline. Arch Neurol. 2002 Oct;59(10):1541-50. [PubMed:12374491]
- FDA Reports [Link]
- Pubmedhealth [Link]
- Diet supplement label [Link]
- Coenzyme Q [Link]
- Journal of Health Science [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0001072
- KEGG Drug
- D01065
- KEGG Compound
- C11378
- PubChem Compound
- 5281915
- PubChem Substance
- 310265165
- ChemSpider
- 4445197
- RxNav
- 21406
- ChEBI
- 46245
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL454801
- ZINC
- ZINC000085427689
- PDBe Ligand
- U10
- Wikipedia
- Coenzyme_Q10
- ATC Codes
- C01EB09 — Ubidecarenone
- AHFS Codes
- 88:30.00* — Other Nutritional Agents
- PDB Entries
- 1aig / 1aij / 1bcc / 1ds8 / 1dv3 / 1dv6 / 1e14 / 1e6d / 1f6n / 1fnp … show 94 more
- MSDS
- Download (92.4 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Solution Oral Liquid Oral Tablet Oral Capsule Oral Powder Oral Tablet, coated Oral Lotion Topical Capsule Oral Capsule, liquid filled Oral Tablet Oral Capsule, coated Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 50-52ºC MSDS water solubility Sparingly soluble MSDS logP 10 Lucangioli S. and Tripodi V., Der Pharmacia Sinica, (2012), 3 (4):406-407 - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.000193 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 9.94 ALOGPS logP 17.16 ChemAxon logS -6.6 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Basic) -4.7 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 4 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 52.6 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 31 ChemAxon Refractivity 286.61 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 112.38 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 1 ChemAxon Bioavailability 0 ChemAxon Rule of Five No ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Taxonomy
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ubiquinones. These are coenzyme Q derivatives containing a 5, 6-dimethoxy-3-methyl(1,4-benzoquinone) moiety to which an isoprenyl group is attached at ring position 2(or 6).
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Lipids and lipid-like molecules
- Class
- Prenol lipids
- Sub Class
- Quinone and hydroquinone lipids
- Direct Parent
- Ubiquinones
- Alternative Parents
- Polyterpenoids / Polyprenylbenzoquinones / P-benzoquinones / Vinylogous esters / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- Polyterpenoid / Polyprenylbenzoquinone / Ubiquinone skeleton / Quinone / P-benzoquinone / Vinylogous ester / Cyclic ketone / Ketone / Organic oxygen compound / Organic oxide
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- ubiquinones (CHEBI:46245) / ubiquinones, Coenzymes (C11378) / Ubiquinones (LMPR02010001)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Poly(a) rna binding
- Specific Function
- Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
- Gene Name
- NDUFV3
- Uniprot ID
- P56181
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 11940.435 Da
References
- Bhagavan HN, Chopra RK: Coenzyme Q10: absorption, tissue uptake, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Free Radic Res. 2006 May;40(5):445-53. doi: 10.1080/10715760600617843. [PubMed:16551570]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Succinate dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function
- Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate ...
- Gene Name
- SDHA
- Uniprot ID
- P31040
- Uniprot Name
- Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 72690.975 Da
References
- Bhagavan HN, Chopra RK: Coenzyme Q10: absorption, tissue uptake, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Free Radic Res. 2006 May;40(5):445-53. doi: 10.1080/10715760600617843. [PubMed:16551570]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Nadph binding
- Specific Function
- Transmembrane glycoprotein that is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis as well as in the biosynthesis of nonsterol isoprenoids that are essential for normal cell function including...
- Gene Name
- HMGCR
- Uniprot ID
- P04035
- Uniprot Name
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 97475.155 Da
References
- Coenzyme Q [Link]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Virus receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Binds LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, and transports it into cells by endocytosis. In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complexes must first cluster into clat...
- Gene Name
- LDLR
- Uniprot ID
- P01130
- Uniprot Name
- Low-density lipoprotein receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 95375.105 Da
References
- Coenzyme Q [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Binds VLDL and transports it into cells by endocytosis. In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complexes must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits. Binding to Reelin induces tyrosine p...
- Gene Name
- VLDLR
- Uniprot ID
- P98155
- Uniprot Name
- Very low-density lipoprotein receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 96097.45 Da
References
- Coenzyme Q [Link]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Journal of Health Science [Link]
Drug created on October 28, 2015 09:41 / Updated on July 11, 2020 00:05
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