Ubidecarenone

Identification

Summary

Ubidecarenone is a cofactor found in various dietary supplements.

Generic Name
Ubidecarenone
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09270
Background

Ubidecarenone, also called coenzyme Q10, is a 1,4-benzoquinone. From its name (Q10), the Q refers to the constitutive quinone group, and 10 is related to the number of isoprenyl subunits in its tail.1 It is a powerful antioxidant, a lipid-soluble and essential cofactor in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.2 The ubidecarenone is the coenzyme destined for mitochondrial enzyme complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation in the production of ATP. It is fundamental for cells that have a high metabolic demand.7 Ubidecarenone is sold as a dietary supplement and is not FDA approved as a drug - it is not meant to treat, cure or prevent any disease. FDA does not approve this dietary supplements before sold nor regulate the manufacturing process.8

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical
Structure
Weight
Average: 863.3435
Monoisotopic: 862.683911368
Chemical Formula
C59H90O4
Synonyms
  • Coenzyme Q-10
  • Coenzyme Q10
  • CoQ10
  • Ubidecarenone
  • Ubiquinone
  • Vitamin Q10
External IDs
  • API 31510
  • API-31510
  • NSC-140865

Pharmacology

Indication

The diet supplements containing ubidecarenone are indicated, as stated in the product label, to assist individuals with cardiovascular complaints including congestive heart failure and systolic hypertension. In the product, ubidecarenone is used to increase the cardiac input as well as for the prevention of several other diseases like Parkinson, fibromyalgia, migraine, periodontal disease and diabetes, based on preclinical studies.9 It is important to highlight that these products are not FDA approved and it is recommended to use under discretion.

Reduce drug development failure rates
Build, train, & validate machine-learning models
with evidence-based and structured datasets.
See how
Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.
See how
Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Prophylaxis ofMigraine••• •••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events Today
Tap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.
Learn more
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
Learn more
Pharmacodynamics

Ubidecarenon has roles in many prysiological process including sulfide oxidation, regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and translocation of protons and calcium ions accross biological membranes. Studies have shown its benefitial effect in treating cancer, statin myopathy, congestive heart failure and hypertension.2

Mechanism of action

Ubidecarenone is an essential cofactor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Its functions are the acceptance of electrons from the complex I and II and this activity is vital for the production of ATP. It acts as a mobile redox agent shuttling electrons and protons in the electron transport chain.5 Ubidecarenone also presents antioxidant activity in mitochondria and cellular membranes, protecting against peroxidation of lipid membranes as well as inhibiting oxidation of LDL-cholesterol.10

TargetActionsOrganism
ANADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial
cofactor
Humans
ASuccinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial
cofactor
Humans
Absorption

Ubidecarenone is absorbed from the small intestine into the lymphatics and then it can enter the blood. The hydrophobicity and large molecular weight limit its absorption making it very poor and variable depending on the food intake and the number of lipids presented in the food. The absorption is lower in the presence of an empty stomach and greater in presence of high lipid food diet. The daily dosage of ubidecarenone presents the reach of maximal serum concentration by reaching a plateau after three weeks.10 The pharmacokinetic properties may vary between different brands but studies have reported an AUC of 11.51 mcg h/ml and a Cmax of 0.32 mcg/ml at a time of 7.9 h.3

Volume of distribution

Ubidecarenone is distributed to the various tissues of the body and it is able to enter the brain.10 In preclinical studies with intravenous administration of ubidecarenone, it is reported a volume of distribution of 20.4 L/kg which reflects its ability to penetrate extensively into organs and tissues.4 AS a general rule, tissues with high-energy requirements or metabolic activity tend to presents higher amounts of ubidecarenone, these organs can be heart, kidney, liver and muscle.5

Protein binding

In the blood, ubidecarenone is split into the various lipoprotein particles including LDL and VLDL.10 The plasma concentration of ubidecarenone is highly dependent on the presence of plasma lipoproteins and about 95% of the administered form is found in the reduced form.5

Metabolism

Studies indicate that there is no saturation process during the metabolism of ubidecarenone. It is metabolized in all tissues by the phosphorylation in the cells and transportation to the kidneys for further excretion by the urine.11 After exerting its action, ubidecarenone is reduced and forms hydroquinone which is capable of recycling and regenerates other antioxidants such as tocopherol and ascorbate. The later metabolism of hydroquinone generates the formation of Q acid I and Q acid II in free and conjugated forms.5

Route of elimination

The main elimination route of ubidecarenone is through the bile. After its oral administration, over 60% of the dose is excreted in the feces in the form of unchanged ubidecarenone and a small fraction of the metabolites.10,5 In the urine, ubidecarenone is bound to saposin B protein and represents only 8.3% of the total administered dose.5

Half-life

The pharmacokinetic properties may vary between different brands but studies have reported a half-life of ubidecarenone of 21.7 h.3

Clearance

In preclinical studies with intravenous administration of ubidecarenone, it is reported a total clearance of 1.18 ml h/kg which was indicative of a prolonged elimination.4

Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomes
With structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!
See the data
Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
See a data sample
Toxicity

There have not been reports of adverse events of diet supplementation with ubidecarenone.6 The normal side effects reported in humans are related to the gastrointestinal tract.5

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AcarboseThe risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Ubidecarenone is combined with Acarbose.
AcenocoumarolThe therapeutic efficacy of Acenocoumarol can be decreased when used in combination with Ubidecarenone.
AcetohexamideThe risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Ubidecarenone is combined with Acetohexamide.
AcipimoxThe risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Acipimox is combined with Ubidecarenone.
AlbiglutideThe risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Ubidecarenone is combined with Albiglutide.
Food Interactions
  • Take with or without food. Many different products contain ubidecarenone; refer to the product monograph for more specific instructions.

Products

Drug product information from 10+ global regions
Our datasets provide approved product information including:
dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.
Access now
Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
Access now
Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Coenzyme q10, (2z)-U705VLF0VW65085-29-2ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-LLOLQPSSSA-N
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Acti-ubiquinone 50 Cap 50mgCapsule50 mg / capOralActi Form Ltd.1991-12-312005-03-21Canada flag
Biogard Ubiquinone Cap 30mgCapsule30 mgOralSisu Inc.1994-12-312001-08-01Canada flag
Biomed Co Q 10Capsule100 mg / capOralSisu Inc.1998-02-112008-07-25Canada flag
Cell Tech Coenzyme Q10 - Cap 30mgCapsule30 mg / capOralCell Tech1996-11-122000-10-05Canada flag
Cellsparc 360Capsule60 mg / capOralAim International, Inc.1998-07-292008-09-03Canada flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
B.E.T. ComplexUbidecarenone (10 mg) + Beta carotene (1250 unit) + Calcium ascorbate (75 mg) + Chromium (400 mcg) + Cyanocobalamin (100 mcg) + Folic acid (0.2 mg) + Iodine (0.15 mg) + Magnesium (200 mg) + Manganese (5 mg) + Nicotinamide (35 mg) + Sodium metavanadate (75 mcg) + Vitamin A palmitate (1250 unit) + alpha-Tocopherol succinate (50 unit)TabletOralAbundance Naturally Ltd2000-12-062004-06-30Canada flag
BiosculptUbidecarenone (1.5 mg / 30 mL) + Choline bitartrate (0.3 mg / 30 mL) + Chromium (40 mcg / 30 mL) + Inositol (0.3 mg / 30 mL) + Calcium pantothenate (60 mg / 30 mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (4 mg / 30 mL)SolutionOralMaxion Nutrition Corp.2002-06-102004-07-20Canada flag
C.V. FormulaUbidecarenone (30 mg / mL) + Vitamin E (30 unit / mL)LiquidOralMorinda Canada2001-06-272005-07-13Canada flag
Co-q10 and Vitamin EUbidecarenone (100 mg) + alpha-Tocopherol succinate (300 unit)CapsuleOralBiomed International Products Corp.2003-10-012006-06-29Canada flag
Co-q10 M.R.B. 100mg and Vitamin EUbidecarenone (100 mg) + Vitamin E (150 unit)CapsuleOralInno Vite Incorporated2004-01-232007-07-31Canada flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
DyzbacUbidecarenone (25 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (125 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (500 [iU]/1) + Leucovorin (1 mg/1) + Lipoic acid (150 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (1 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (12.5 mg/1) + Resveratrol (50 mg/1)TabletOralBasiem2015-11-052016-01-01US flag
DyzbacUbidecarenone (50 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (150 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (0.0125 mg/1) + Leucovorin (1 mg/1) + Lipoic acid (125 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (1 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (12.5 mg/1) + Resveratrol (50 mg/1)TabletOralBasiem2015-10-282015-11-01US flag
IQQU Acne SerumUbidecarenone (0.0012 g/1g) + Lecithin, soybean (0.024 g/30g) + Levocarnitine (0.012 g/1g)LotionTopicalIqqu Usa Co.2009-08-01Not applicableUS flag
LexazinCoenzyme q10, (2z)- (50 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (125 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (500 [iU]/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (5 mg/1) + NADH (5 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (12.5 mg/1) + Thiamine hydrochloride (25 mg/1)CapsuleOralSterling Knight Pharmaceuticals LLC2018-01-022018-10-01US flag
MebolexUbidecarenone (25 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (125 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (0.0125 mg/1) + Leucovorin (1 mg/1) + Lipoic acid (150 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (1 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (12.5 mg/1) + Resveratrol (50 mg/1)TabletOralSolubiomix2015-10-282016-01-01US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
C01EB09 — Ubidecarenone
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ubiquinones. These are coenzyme Q derivatives containing a 5, 6-dimethoxy-3-methyl(1,4-benzoquinone) moiety to which an isoprenyl group is attached at ring position 2(or 6).
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
Class
Prenol lipids
Sub Class
Quinone and hydroquinone lipids
Direct Parent
Ubiquinones
Alternative Parents
Polyterpenoids / Polyprenylbenzoquinones / P-benzoquinones / Vinylogous esters / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound / Carbonyl group / Cyclic ketone / Hydrocarbon derivative / Ketone / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organooxygen compound / P-benzoquinone / Polyprenylbenzoquinone
Molecular Framework
Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
ubiquinones (CHEBI:46245) / ubiquinones, Coenzymes (C11378) / Ubiquinones (LMPR02010001)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
EJ27X76M46
CAS number
303-98-0
InChI Key
ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C59H90O4/c1-44(2)24-15-25-45(3)26-16-27-46(4)28-17-29-47(5)30-18-31-48(6)32-19-33-49(7)34-20-35-50(8)36-21-37-51(9)38-22-39-52(10)40-23-41-53(11)42-43-55-54(12)56(60)58(62-13)59(63-14)57(55)61/h24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40,42H,15-23,25,27,29,31,33,35,37,39,41,43H2,1-14H3/b45-26+,46-28+,47-30+,48-32+,49-34+,50-36+,51-38+,52-40+,53-42+
IUPAC Name
2-[(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E,26E,30E,34E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39-decamethyltetraconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38-decaen-1-yl]-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
SMILES
COC1=C(OC)C(=O)C(C\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C1=O

References

General References
  1. Ernster L, Dallner G: Biochemical, physiological and medical aspects of ubiquinone function. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 May 24;1271(1):195-204. [Article]
  2. Xue R, Yang J, Wu J, Meng Q, Hao J: Coenzyme Q10 inhibits the activation of pancreatic stellate cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Oncotarget. 2017 Sep 23;8(54):92300-92311. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.21247. eCollection 2017 Nov 3. [Article]
  3. Kang EY, Choi JW, Gwak HS, Chun IK: Comparison of bioavailability of two ubidecarenone products in healthy Korean volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Mar;47(3):207-14. [Article]
  4. Kalenikova EI, Gorodetskaya EA, Medvedev OS: Pharmacokinetics of coenzyme q10. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2008 Sep;146(3):313-6. [Article]
  5. Bhagavan HN, Chopra RK: Coenzyme Q10: absorption, tissue uptake, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Free Radic Res. 2006 May;40(5):445-53. doi: 10.1080/10715760600617843. [Article]
  6. Shults CW, Oakes D, Kieburtz K, Beal MF, Haas R, Plumb S, Juncos JL, Nutt J, Shoulson I, Carter J, Kompoliti K, Perlmutter JS, Reich S, Stern M, Watts RL, Kurlan R, Molho E, Harrison M, Lew M: Effects of coenzyme Q10 in early Parkinson disease: evidence of slowing of the functional decline. Arch Neurol. 2002 Oct;59(10):1541-50. [Article]
  7. FDA Reports [Link]
  8. Pubmedhealth [Link]
  9. Diet supplement label [Link]
  10. Coenzyme Q [Link]
  11. Journal of Health Science [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0001072
KEGG Drug
D01065
KEGG Compound
C11378
PubChem Compound
5281915
PubChem Substance
310265165
ChemSpider
4445197
RxNav
21406
ChEBI
46245
ChEMBL
CHEMBL454801
ZINC
ZINC000085427689
PDBe Ligand
U10
Wikipedia
Coenzyme_Q10
PDB Entries
1aig / 1aij / 1bcc / 1ds8 / 1dv3 / 1dv6 / 1e14 / 1e6d / 1f6n / 1fnp
show 155 more
MSDS
Download (92.4 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentCoenzyme Q101
4CompletedTreatmentDilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)1
4CompletedTreatmentHemodialysis Treatment / Renal Failure, Chronic Renal Failure1
4CompletedTreatmentMuscle Weakness / Myalgia / Side Effects of Statins1
4RecruitingTreatmentChronic Kidney Disease (CKD)1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
CapsuleOral50 mg / cap
CapsuleOral150 mg
CapsuleOral50 mg
CapsuleOral30 mg
CapsuleOral100 mg / cap
SolutionOral
LiquidOral
CapsuleOral30 mg / cap
CapsuleOral30 mg / mg
TabletOral10 mg / tab
CapsuleOral50.0 mg
CapsuleOral60 mg / cap
Powder, for suspensionOral
CapsuleOral12 mg
Capsule, liquid filledOral100 mg/1
CapsuleOral10 mg
CapsuleOral100 mg
TabletOral100 mg
CapsuleOral60 mg
CapsuleOral80 mg
CapsuleOral15 mg
PowderOral
CapsuleOral10 mg / cap
CapsuleOral200 mg/1
Tablet, coatedOral
Tablet, coatedOral10 mg
TabletOral10 MG
TabletOral
LotionTopical
SolutionOral
CapsuleOral
Pill
CapsuleOral20 mg
Capsule, liquid filledOral
Capsule, liquid filledOral
TabletOral
CapsuleOral15 mg / cap
Capsule
TabletOral60 mg
CapsuleOral25 mg / cap
Capsule, coatedOral
SolutionOral50 MG/10ML
CapsuleOral20 mg / cap
CapsuleOral
Capsule, gelatin coatedOral
Tablet, sugar coatedOral10 mg
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)50-52ºCMSDS
water solubilitySparingly solubleMSDS
logP10Lucangioli S. and Tripodi V., Der Pharmacia Sinica, (2012), 3 (4):406-407
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.000193 mg/mLALOGPS
logP9.94ALOGPS
logP17.16Chemaxon
logS-6.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.7Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area52.6 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count31Chemaxon
Refractivity286.61 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability112.37 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings1Chemaxon
Bioavailability0Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-052r-2102202940-6be2473fdabfb060e89b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-03di-0000000090-832cd33e82accbccf9f8
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-02c2-6339853120-6961fb4cd77055f72267
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-02vj-0310010190-6101902ec40cc865f92f
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-08i3-1054911010-e2ac59b7e541faccb153
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0594140680-3d49aad2874937d25f4c
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-364.4592444
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-330.6725444
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-366.5449444
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-322.55243
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+365.0836444
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+366.2099444
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+324.44785
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+365.1877444
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+365.1860444
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+330.23193
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Cofactor
General Function
Poly(a) rna binding
Specific Function
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons ...
Gene Name
NDUFV3
Uniprot ID
P56181
Uniprot Name
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial
Molecular Weight
11940.435 Da
References
  1. Bhagavan HN, Chopra RK: Coenzyme Q10: absorption, tissue uptake, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Free Radic Res. 2006 May;40(5):445-53. doi: 10.1080/10715760600617843. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Cofactor
General Function
Succinate dehydrogenase activity
Specific Function
Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate ...
Gene Name
SDHA
Uniprot ID
P31040
Uniprot Name
Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial
Molecular Weight
72690.975 Da
References
  1. Bhagavan HN, Chopra RK: Coenzyme Q10: absorption, tissue uptake, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Free Radic Res. 2006 May;40(5):445-53. doi: 10.1080/10715760600617843. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Nadph binding
Specific Function
Transmembrane glycoprotein that is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis as well as in the biosynthesis of nonsterol isoprenoids that are essential for normal cell function including...
Gene Name
HMGCR
Uniprot ID
P04035
Uniprot Name
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
Molecular Weight
97475.155 Da
References
  1. Coenzyme Q [Link]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Virus receptor activity
Specific Function
Binds LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, and transports it into cells by endocytosis. In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complexes must first cluster into clat...
Gene Name
LDLR
Uniprot ID
P01130
Uniprot Name
Low-density lipoprotein receptor
Molecular Weight
95375.105 Da
References
  1. Coenzyme Q [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity
Specific Function
Binds VLDL and transports it into cells by endocytosis. In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complexes must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits. Binding to Reelin induces tyrosine p...
Gene Name
VLDLR
Uniprot ID
P98155
Uniprot Name
Very low-density lipoprotein receptor
Molecular Weight
96097.45 Da
References
  1. Coenzyme Q [Link]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Journal of Health Science [Link]

Drug created at October 28, 2015 15:41 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48