Apomorphine - DrugBank

ID Pharmacology Interactions References Trials Economics Properties Spectra Taxonomy

Targets (15)Enzymes (1)

Targets (15)Enzymes (1)Biointeractions (16)

Identification

Name

Apomorphine

Accession Number

DB00714 (APRD00531, DB05816)

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Investigational

Description

A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.

Structure

MOL SDF 3D-SDF PDB SMILES InChI View 3D Structure

Synonyms

(-)-10,11-Dihydroxyaporphine

(−)-10,11-dihydroxyaporphine

(6AR)-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol

(R)-5,6,6a,7-Tetrahydro-6-methyl-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol

Apomorphin

R-(-)-Apomorphine

R-(−)-apomorphine

External IDs

APL-130277 / VR-040 / VR-400 / VR040

Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key	Details
Apomorphine hydrochloride	F39049Y068	41372-20-7	CXWQXGNFZLHLHQ-DPFCLETOSA-N	Details

Approved Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Apokyn	Injection	30 mg/3mL	Subcutaneous	Tercica	2004-07-02	Not applicable	US
Apokyn	Injection	30 mg/3mL	Subcutaneous	Us World Meds, Llc	2004-07-02	Not applicable	US
Movapo	Solution	10 mg	Subcutaneous	Paladin Labs Inc	Not applicable	Not applicable	Canada
Movapo	Solution	10 mg	Subcutaneous	Paladin Labs Inc	Not applicable	Not applicable	Canada

Approved Generic Prescription Products

Not Available

Approved Over the Counter Products

Not Available

Unapproved/Other Products

Not Available

International Brands

Name	Company
Ixense	Takeda (discontinued)
Spontane	Not Available
Uprima	Abbott (discontinued)

Brand mixtures

Not Available

Categories

UNII

N21FAR7B4S

CAS number

58-00-4

Weight

Average: 267.3224
Monoisotopic: 267.125928793

Chemical Formula

C₁₇H₁₇NO₂

InChI Key

VMWNQDUVQKEIOC-CYBMUJFWSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C17H17NO2/c1-18-8-7-10-3-2-4-12-15(10)13(18)9-11-5-6-14(19)17(20)16(11)12/h2-6,13,19-20H,7-9H2,1H3/t13-/m1/s1

IUPAC Name

(9R)-10-methyl-10-azatetracyclo[7.7.1.0²,⁷.0¹³,¹⁷]heptadeca-1(16),2(7),3,5,13(17),14-hexaene-3,4-diol

SMILES

[H][C@]12CC3=C(C(O)=C(O)C=C3)C3=CC=CC(CCN1C)=C23

Pharmacology

Indication

For the acute, intermittent treatment of hypomobility, off episodes (end-of-dose wearing off and unpredictable on/off episodes) associated with advanced Parkinson's disease.

Structured Indications

Mobility decreased

Pharmacodynamics

Apomorphine is a type of dopaminergic agonist, a morphine derivative which primarily affects the hypothalamic region of the brain. Drugs containing this substance are sometimes used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease or erectile dysfunction. In higher doses it is a highly effective emetic.

Mechanism of action

The precise mechanism of action of apomorphine as a treatment for Parkinson's disease is unknown, although it is believed to be due to stimulation of post-synaptic dopamine D2-type receptors within the brain. Apomorphine has been shown to improve motor function in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. In particular, apomorphine attenuates the motor deficits induced by lesions in the ascending nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in primates.

Target	Kind	Pharmacological action	Actions	Organism	UniProt ID
D(3) dopamine receptor	Protein	yes	agonist	Human	P35462	details
D(4) dopamine receptor	Protein	yes	agonist	Human	P21917	details
D(2) dopamine receptor	Protein	yes	agonist	Human	P14416	details
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Protein	unknown	agonist	Human	P18825	details
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	Protein	unknown	agonist	Human	P18089	details
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Protein	unknown	agonist	Human	P28335	details
D(1B) dopamine receptor	Protein	unknown	agonist	Human	P21918	details
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Protein	unknown	agonist	Human	P08908	details
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Protein	unknown	agonist	Human	P28223	details
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Protein	unknown	agonist	Human	P41595	details
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Protein	unknown	agonist	Human	P08913	details
D(1A) dopamine receptor	Protein	unknown	agonist	Human	P21728	details
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D	Protein	unknown	agonist	Human	P28221	details
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	Protein	unknown	agonist	Human	P28222	details
Neuron-specific vesicular protein calcyon	Protein	unknown	agonist	Human	Q9NYX4	details

Absorption

100% following subcutaneous administration

Volume of distribution

123 to 404 L

Protein binding

~50%-albumin

Metabolism

Hepatic

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half life

40 minutes (range 30 - 60 minutes)

Clearance

223 L/hr

Toxicity

LD₅₀=0.6 mmoles/kg (mice, intraperitoneal)

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Drug	Interaction	Drug group
7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with 7,8-DICHLORO-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE.	Experimental
Acebutolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Acebutolol.	Approved
Acetazolamide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Acetazolamide.	Approved, Vet Approved
Aldesleukin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aldesleukin is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Aliskiren	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aliskiren is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Alprenolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Alprenolol.	Approved, Withdrawn
Amifostine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amifostine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Amiloride	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amiloride is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Amineptine	Amineptine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Illicit, Withdrawn
Amiodarone	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Amiodarone.	Approved, Investigational
Amisulpride	The therapeutic efficacy of Amisulpride can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Amitriptyline	Amitriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Amlodipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amlodipine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Amobarbital	Amobarbital may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved, Illicit
Amphotericin B	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amphotericin B is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Amyl Nitrite	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amyl Nitrite is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Anagrelide	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Anagrelide.	Approved
Apraclonidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apraclonidine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Aripiprazole	Aripiprazole may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Arotinolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Arotinolol.	Approved
Arsenic trioxide	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Arsenic trioxide.	Approved, Investigational
Artemether	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Artemether.	Approved
Asenapine	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Asenapine.	Approved
Atenolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Atenolol.	Approved
Azilsartan medoxomil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Azilsartan medoxomil is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Azithromycin	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Azithromycin.	Approved
Barbexaclone	Barbexaclone may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Experimental
Barbital	Barbital may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Illicit
Barnidipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Barnidipine.	Approved
Bedaquiline	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Bedaquiline.	Approved
Befunolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Befunolol.	Experimental
Benazepril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benazepril is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Bendroflumethiazide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bendroflumethiazide is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Benmoxin	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Benmoxin.	Withdrawn
Bepridil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Bepridil.	Approved, Withdrawn
Betaxolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Betaxolol.	Approved
Bevantolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Bevantolol.	Approved
Bisoprolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Bisoprolol.	Approved
Blonanserin	The therapeutic efficacy of Apomorphine can be decreased when used in combination with Blonanserin.	Approved
Bopindolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Bopindolol.	Approved
Bortezomib	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Bortezomib.	Approved, Investigational
Bretylium	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bretylium is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Brimonidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Brimonidine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Bromocriptine	Bromocriptine may increase the vasoconstricting activities of Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Bucindolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Bucindolol.	Investigational
Bufuralol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Bufuralol.	Experimental, Investigational
Bumetanide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bumetanide is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Bupivacaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Bupivacaine.	Approved, Investigational
Bupranolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Bupranolol.	Approved
Bupropion	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Bupropion.	Approved
Cabergoline	Cabergoline may increase the vasoconstricting activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Canagliflozin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Canagliflozin is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Candesartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Candesartan is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Captopril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Captopril is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Carbetocin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Carbetocin.	Approved
Cariprazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Apomorphine can be decreased when used in combination with Cariprazine.	Approved
Caroxazone	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Caroxazone.	Withdrawn
Carteolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Carteolol.	Approved
Carvedilol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Carvedilol.	Approved, Investigational
Celiprolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Celiprolol.	Approved, Investigational
Ceritinib	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ceritinib.	Approved
Chloroquine	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Chloroquine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Chlorothiazide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorothiazide is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Chlorpromazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Chlorpromazine can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Chlorprothixene	The therapeutic efficacy of Chlorprothixene can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved, Withdrawn
Chlorthalidone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorthalidone is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Cilazapril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cilazapril is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Cilnidipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Cilnidipine.	Approved
Ciprofloxacin	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ciprofloxacin.	Approved, Investigational
Cisapride	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Cisapride.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Citalopram	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Citalopram.	Approved
Clarithromycin	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Clarithromycin.	Approved
Clevidipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clevidipine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Clofarabine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Clofarabine.	Approved, Investigational
Clomipramine	Clomipramine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Clonidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clonidine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Clozapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Apomorphine can be decreased when used in combination with Clozapine.	Approved
Conivaptan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Conivaptan.	Approved, Investigational
Crizotinib	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Crizotinib.	Approved
Cyclobenzaprine	Cyclobenzaprine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Dapagliflozin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dapagliflozin is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Desflurane	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Desipramine	Desipramine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Desvenlafaxine	Desvenlafaxine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Dexmedetomidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dexmedetomidine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Diclofenamide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Diclofenamide is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Dihydroergotamine	Dihydroergotamine may increase the vasoconstricting activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Diltiazem	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Diltiazem is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Dinutuximab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dinutuximab is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Dipyridamole	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dipyridamole is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Disopyramide	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Disopyramide.	Approved
Dofetilide	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Dofetilide.	Approved
Dolasetron	Dolasetron may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Domperidone	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Domperidone.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Dosulepin	Dosulepin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Doxazosin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Doxazosin is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Doxepin	Doxepin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Dronedarone	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Dronedarone.	Approved
Droperidol	The therapeutic efficacy of Droperidol can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Droxidopa	Apomorphine may increase the hypertensive activities of Droxidopa.	Approved, Investigational
Duloxetine	Apomorphine may increase the orthostatic hypotensive activities of Duloxetine.	Approved
Efonidipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Efonidipine.	Approved
Eliglustat	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Eliglustat.	Approved
Empagliflozin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Empagliflozin is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Enalapril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Enalapril is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Enalaprilat	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Enalaprilat.	Approved
Eplerenone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Eplerenone is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Epoprostenol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Epoprostenol.	Approved
Eprosartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Eprosartan is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Ergoloid mesylate	Ergoloid mesylate may increase the vasoconstricting activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Ergonovine	Ergonovine may increase the vasoconstricting activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Ergotamine	Ergotamine may increase the vasoconstricting activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Erythromycin	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Erythromycin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Escitalopram	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Escitalopram.	Approved, Investigational
Esmirtazapine	Esmirtazapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Investigational
Esmolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Esmolol.	Approved
Etacrynic acid	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etacrynic acid is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Felodipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Felodipine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Fenoldopam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Fenoldopam.	Approved
Fimasartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Fimasartan.	Approved
Flecainide	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Flecainide.	Approved, Withdrawn
Fluoxetine	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Fluoxetine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Flupentixol	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Flupentixol.	Approved, Withdrawn
Fluphenazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Fluphenazine can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved
Fosinopril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fosinopril is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Furazolidone	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Furazolidone.	Approved, Vet Approved
Furosemide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Furosemide is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Gadobenic acid	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Gadobenic acid.	Approved
Gemifloxacin	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Gemifloxacin.	Approved, Investigational
Goserelin	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Goserelin.	Approved
Granisetron	Granisetron may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Guanfacine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Guanfacine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Haloperidol	The therapeutic efficacy of Haloperidol can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved
Halothane	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Halothane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Hexobarbital	Hexobarbital may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Hydracarbazine	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Hydracarbazine.	Experimental
Hydralazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydralazine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Hydrochlorothiazide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydrochlorothiazide is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Hydroflumethiazide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Hydroflumethiazide.	Approved
Ibutilide	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ibutilide.	Approved
Iloperidone	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Iloperidone.	Approved
Iloprost	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Iloprost.	Approved, Investigational
Imidapril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Imidapril.	Investigational
Imipramine	Imipramine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Indapamide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Indapamide is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Indenolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Indenolol.	Withdrawn
Indoramin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Indoramin.	Withdrawn
Iobenguane	The therapeutic efficacy of Iobenguane can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved
Iproclozide	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Iproclozide.	Withdrawn
Iproniazid	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Iproniazid.	Withdrawn
Irbesartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Irbesartan is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Isocarboxazid	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Isocarboxazid.	Approved
Isoflurane	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Isoflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Isosorbide Dinitrate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isosorbide Dinitrate is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Isosorbide Mononitrate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isosorbide Mononitrate is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Isoxsuprine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoxsuprine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Withdrawn
Isradipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isradipine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Labetalol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Labetalol.	Approved
Lacidipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Lacidipine.	Approved
Landiolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Aop200704.	Investigational
Lenvatinib	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Lenvatinib.	Approved
Lercanidipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Lercanidipine.	Approved, Investigational
Leuprolide	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Leuprolide.	Approved, Investigational
Levobunolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Levobunolol is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Levobupivacaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Levobupivacaine.	Approved
Levodopa	Apomorphine may increase the orthostatic hypotensive activities of Levodopa.	Approved
Levofloxacin	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Levofloxacin.	Approved, Investigational
Levomilnacipran	Levomilnacipran may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Levosimendan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Levosimendan.	Approved, Investigational
Lisinopril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lisinopril is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Lofexidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Lofexidine.	Approved, Investigational
Lopinavir	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Lopinavir.	Approved
Losartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Losartan is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Loxapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Loxapine can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved
Lumateperone	The therapeutic efficacy of Apomorphine can be decreased when used in combination with Lumateperone.	Investigational
Lumefantrine	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Lumefantrine.	Approved
Lurasidone	The therapeutic efficacy of Apomorphine can be decreased when used in combination with Lurasidone.	Approved
Mannitol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Mebanazine	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Mebanazine.	Withdrawn
Mecamylamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mecamylamine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Melperone	The therapeutic efficacy of Apomorphine can be decreased when used in combination with Melperone.	Approved
Mesoridazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Mesoridazine can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved
Methadone	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Methadone.	Approved
Methazolamide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methazolamide is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Methohexital	Methohexital may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Methotrimeprazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Methotrimeprazine can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved
Methyclothiazide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methyclothiazide is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Methyldopa	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methyldopa is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Methylene blue	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Methylene blue.	Investigational
Methylphenidate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methylphenidate is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Methylphenobarbital	Methylphenobarbital may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Metipranolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metipranolol is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Metoclopramide	The therapeutic efficacy of Apomorphine can be decreased when used in combination with Metoclopramide.	Approved, Investigational
Metolazone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metolazone is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Metoprolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Metoprolol.	Approved, Investigational
Mianserin	The therapeutic efficacy of Apomorphine can be decreased when used in combination with Mianserin.	Approved
Mifepristone	Mifepristone may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Milnacipran	Milnacipran may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Minaprine	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Minaprine.	Approved
Minoxidil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Minoxidil is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Mirtazapine	Mirtazapine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Moclobemide	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Moclobemide.	Approved
Moexipril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Moexipril is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Molindone	The therapeutic efficacy of Molindone can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved
Morphine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Morphine.	Approved, Investigational
Moxifloxacin	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Moxifloxacin.	Approved, Investigational
Moxonidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Moxonidine.	Approved
Nabilone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Nabilone.	Approved, Investigational
Nadolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Nadolol.	Approved
Nebivolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nebivolol is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Nesiritide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nesiritide is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Nialamide	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Nialamide.	Withdrawn
Nicardipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nicardipine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Nicorandil	Nicorandil may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Nifedipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nifedipine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Nilotinib	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Nilotinib.	Approved, Investigational
Nilvadipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Nilvadipine.	Approved
Nimodipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nimodipine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Nisoldipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nisoldipine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Nitrendipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Nitrendipine.	Approved
Nitric Oxide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Nitric Oxide.	Approved
Nitroglycerin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nitroglycerin is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Nitroprusside	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nitroprusside is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Nortriptyline	Nortriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Obinutuzumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Obinutuzumab.	Approved
Octamoxin	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Octamoxin.	Withdrawn
Ofloxacin	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ofloxacin.	Approved
Olanzapine	The therapeutic efficacy of Apomorphine can be decreased when used in combination with Olanzapine.	Approved, Investigational
Olmesartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Olmesartan is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Ondansetron	Ondansetron may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Opipramol	Opipramol may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Investigational
Oxprenolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Oxprenolol.	Approved
Paclitaxel	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Paclitaxel.	Approved, Vet Approved
Paliperidone	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Paliperidone.	Approved
Palonosetron	Palonosetron may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Panobinostat	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Panobinostat.	Approved, Investigational
Papaverine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Papaverine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Pargyline	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Pargyline.	Approved
Pazopanib	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Pazopanib.	Approved
Penbutolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Penbutolol.	Approved, Investigational
Pentamidine	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Pentamidine.	Approved
Pentobarbital	Pentobarbital may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Perflutren	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Perflutren.	Approved
Perindopril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Perindopril is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Perospirone	The therapeutic efficacy of Apomorphine can be decreased when used in combination with Perospirone.	Approved
Perphenazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Perphenazine can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved
Phenelzine	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Phenelzine.	Approved
Pheniprazine	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Pheniprazine.	Withdrawn
Phenobarbital	Phenobarbital may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Phenoxybenzamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Phenoxybenzamine.	Approved
Phenoxypropazine	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Phenoxypropazine.	Withdrawn
Phentolamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Phentolamine.	Approved
Pimavanserin	The therapeutic efficacy of Apomorphine can be decreased when used in combination with Pimavanserin.	Investigational
Pimozide	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Pimozide.	Approved
Pindolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Pindolol.	Approved
Pipamperone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Pipamperone.	Approved
Pirlindole	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Pirlindole.	Approved
Pivhydrazine	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Pivhydrazine.	Withdrawn
Practolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Practolol.	Approved
Pramipexole	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Pramipexole.	Approved, Investigational
Prazosin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prazosin is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Primaquine	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Primaquine.	Approved
Primidone	Primidone may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Procainamide	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide.	Approved
Prochlorperazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Prochlorperazine can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Promazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Promazine can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Propafenone	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Propafenone.	Approved
Propericiazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Propericiazine can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved
Propofol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Propofol.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Propranolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Propranolol.	Approved, Investigational
Protriptyline	Protriptyline may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Quetiapine	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Quetiapine.	Approved
Quinapril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Quinapril is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Quinidine	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Quinidine.	Approved
Quinine	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Quinine.	Approved
Ramipril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramipril is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Rasagiline	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Rasagiline.	Approved
Remifentanil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Remifentanil.	Approved
Reserpine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Reserpine is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Riociguat	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Riociguat is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Risperidone	Apomorphine may increase the hypotensive activities of Risperidone.	Approved, Investigational
Ropinirole	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Ropinirole.	Approved, Investigational
Ropivacaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Ropivacaine.	Approved
Rotigotine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Rotigotine.	Approved
RP5063	The therapeutic efficacy of Apomorphine can be decreased when used in combination with RP5063.	Investigational
Sacubitril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Sacubitril.	Approved
Safrazine	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Safrazine.	Withdrawn
Saquinavir	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Saquinavir.	Approved, Investigational
Secobarbital	Secobarbital may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Selegiline	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Selegiline.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Sertindole	The therapeutic efficacy of Apomorphine can be decreased when used in combination with Sertindole.	Approved, Withdrawn
Sevoflurane	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Sevoflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Sodium Nitrite	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Sodium Nitrite.	Approved
Sotalol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Sotalol.	Approved
Spironolactone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Spironolactone is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Streptokinase	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Streptokinase.	Approved
Sufentanil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Sufentanil.	Approved, Investigational
Sulfisoxazole	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Sulfisoxazole.	Approved, Vet Approved
Tamsulosin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Tamsulosin.	Approved, Investigational
Telavancin	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Telavancin.	Approved
Telithromycin	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Telithromycin.	Approved
Telmisartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Telmisartan is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Terazosin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Terazosin is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Tetrabenazine	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Tetrabenazine.	Approved
Thalidomide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Thalidomide.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Thiamylal	Thiamylal may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Thiopental	Thiopental may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Thioproperazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Thioproperazine can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved
Thioridazine	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Thioridazine.	Withdrawn
Thiothixene	The therapeutic efficacy of Thiothixene can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved
Tianeptine	Tianeptine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Timolol	Apomorphine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Timolol.	Approved
Tizanidine	The serum concentration of Tizanidine can be increased when it is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Tolazoline	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Tolazoline.	Approved, Vet Approved
Tolcapone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Tolcapone.	Approved, Withdrawn
Toloxatone	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Toloxatone.	Approved
Torasemide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Torasemide is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Toremifene	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Toremifene.	Approved, Investigational
Trandolapril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trandolapril is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Trans-2-Phenylcyclopropylamine	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Trans-2-Phenylcyclopropylamine.	Experimental
Tranylcypromine	The metabolism of Apomorphine can be decreased when combined with Tranylcypromine.	Approved
Tretinoin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Tretinoin.	Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical
Triamterene	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Triamterene is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Trifluoperazine	The therapeutic efficacy of Trifluoperazine can be decreased when used in combination with Apomorphine.	Approved
Trimipramine	Trimipramine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Tropisetron	Tropisetron may increase the hypotensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Valsartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Valsartan is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved, Investigational
Vandetanib	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Vandetanib.	Approved
Vemurafenib	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Vemurafenib.	Approved
Venlafaxine	Venlafaxine may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Apomorphine.	Approved
Verapamil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Apomorphine.	Approved
Ziprasidone	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ziprasidone.	Approved
Zotepine	The therapeutic efficacy of Apomorphine can be decreased when used in combination with Zotepine.	Approved
Zuclopenthixol	Apomorphine may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Zuclopenthixol.	Approved, Investigational

Food Interactions

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Narayanasamy Gurusamy, "Process for Making Apomorphine and Apocodeine." U.S. Patent US20100228032, issued September 09, 2010.

US20100228032

General References

Matsumoto K, Yoshida M, Andersson KE, Hedlund P: Effects in vitro and in vivo by apomorphine in the rat corpus cavernosum. Br J Pharmacol. 2005 Sep;146(2):259-67. [PubMed:16025145 ]
SCHWAB RS, AMADOR LV, LETTVIN JY: Apomorphine in Parkinson's disease. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1951;56:251-3. [PubMed:14913646 ]
Cotzias GC, Papavasiliou PS, Fehling C, Kaufman B, Mena I: Similarities between neurologic effects of L-dipa and of apomorphine. N Engl J Med. 1970 Jan 1;282(1):31-3. [PubMed:4901383 ]
Corsini GU, Del Zompo M, Gessa GL, Mangoni A: Therapeutic efficacy of apomorphine combined with an extracerebral inhibitor of dopamine receptors in Parkinson's disease. Lancet. 1979 May 5;1(8123):954-6. [PubMed:87620 ]
Chaudhuri KR, Clough C: Subcutaneous apomorphine in Parkinson's disease. BMJ. 1998 Feb 28;316(7132):641. [PubMed:9522772 ]

External Links

Resource	Link
Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)	HMDB14852
KEGG Drug	D07460
PubChem Compound	6005
PubChem Substance	46508653
ChemSpider	5783
BindingDB	50001955
ChEBI	48538
ChEMBL	CHEMBL53
Therapeutic Targets Database	DAP000281
PharmGKB	PA164781163
IUPHAR	33
Guide to Pharmacology	33
Drug Product Database	9268
RxList	http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/apokyn.htm
Drugs.com	http://www.drugs.com/cdi/apomorphine.html
Wikipedia	Apomorphine

ATC Codes

G04BE07 — Apomorphine

N04BC07 — Apomorphine

AHFS Codes

28:36.20.08

PDB Entries

Not Available

FDA label

Download (513 KB)

MSDS

Download (25.8 KB)

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
0	Completed	Basic Science	Healthy Volunteers	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Parkinson's Disease (PD)	5
2	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Off Episodes of Parkinson Disease / Parkinson's Disease (PD)	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Apomorphine-induced Skin Reactions / Parkinson's Disease (PD)	1
2	Recruiting	Treatment	Parkinson's Disease (PD) / Visual Hallucinations	1
2	Suspended	Treatment	Brain Injury	1
2	Unknown Status	Basic Science	Alcoholism	1
2	Withdrawn	Treatment	Parkinson's Disease (PD)	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Parkinson's Disease (PD)	1
3	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Parkinson's Disease (PD)	2
3	Completed	Basic Science	Parkinson's Disease (PD)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Parkinson's Disease (PD)	3
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Parkinson's Disease (PD)	2
4	Completed	Treatment	Akinesia / Delayed Levadopa Onset / Mobility decreased / Motor Symptoms / Parkinson's Disease (PD)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Parkinson's Disease (PD)	2
4	Terminated	Supportive Care	Motor Symptoms / Parkinson's Disease (PD)	1
Not Available	Completed	Basic Science	Parkinson's Disease (PD)	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Ipsen biopharm ltd

Packagers

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Injection	Subcutaneous	30 mg/3mL
Solution	Subcutaneous	10 mg

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
water solubility	1.66E+004 mg/L	Not Available
logP	3.1	Not Available
pKa	8.92	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.51 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	2.51	ALOGPS
logP	2.87	ChemAxon
logS	-2.7	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	6.58	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	13.25	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	43.7 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	79.99 m³·mol^-1	ChemAxon
Polarizability	29.7 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	4	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted ADMET features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	0.9816
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.9401
Caco-2 permeable	+	0.777
P-glycoprotein substrate	Substrate	0.8501
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.8781
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.964
Renal organic cation transporter	Inhibitor	0.6477
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.7577
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.9116
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Substrate	0.7039
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Inhibitor	0.9107
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9146
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9084
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8718
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9156
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.9262
Ames test	AMES toxic	0.6775
Carcinogenicity	Non-carcinogens	0.9736
Biodegradation	Not ready biodegradable	0.8928
Rat acute toxicity	2.6446 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.6544
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Inhibitor	0.7734

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397 )

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-014r-0090000000-29608efdadd8efd375a6	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-000i-0090000000-052772c02bbf103a3ef5	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-00kr-0290000000-1e831a8078d43cfbdb51	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-000i-0090000000-49baaafc781fbd1a40ea	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-000i-0090000000-b2abd157ce4880c73d0b	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-000i-0090000000-b747e9bb748f801c3f50	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-000i-0090000000-1a55345a571167f3fca6	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	Not Available

Taxonomy

Description

This compound belongs to the class of chemical entities known as aporphines. These are quinoline alkaloids containing the dibenzo[de,g]quinoline ring system or a dehydrogenated derivative thereof.

Kingdom

Chemical entities

Super Class

Organic compounds

Class

Alkaloids and derivatives

Sub Class

Aporphines

Direct Parent

Aporphines

Alternative Parents

Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Benzoquinolines / Naphthols and derivatives / Tetrahydroisoquinolines / Aralkylamines / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Trialkylamines / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds

Substituents

Aporphine / Benzoquinoline / Phenanthrene / 2-naphthol / 1-naphthol / Naphthalene / Quinoline / Tetrahydroisoquinoline / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

isoquinoline alkaloid, isoquinolines (CHEBI:48538 )

Targets

Details

1. D(3) dopamine receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist

General Function:: G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:: Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Promotes cell proliferation.
Gene Name:: DRD3
Uniprot ID:: P35462
Uniprot Name:: D(3) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight:: 44224.335 Da

References

Details

2. D(4) dopamine receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist

General Function:: Sh3 domain binding
Specific Function:: Dopamine receptor responsible for neuronal signaling in the mesolimbic system of the brain, an area of the brain that regulates emotion and complex behavior. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Modulates the circadian rhythm of contrast sensitivity by regulating the rhythmic expression of NPAS2 in the retinal ganglion cells (By similarity).
Gene Name:: DRD4
Uniprot ID:: P21917
Uniprot Name:: D(4) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight:: 48359.86 Da

References

Details

3. D(2) dopamine receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist

General Function:: Potassium channel regulator activity
Specific Function:: Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:: DRD2
Uniprot ID:: P14416
Uniprot Name:: D(2) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight:: 50618.91 Da

References

Details

4. Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: agonist

General Function:: Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function:: Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins.
Gene Name:: ADRA2C
Uniprot ID:: P18825
Uniprot Name:: Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight:: 49521.585 Da

References

Details

5. Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: agonist

General Function:: Epinephrine binding
Specific Function:: Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is clonidine > norepinephrine > epinephrine = oxymetazoline > dopamine > p-tyramine = phenylephrine > serotonin > p-synephrine / p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > chlorpromazine > phent...
Gene Name:: ADRA2B
Uniprot ID:: P18089
Uniprot Name:: Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight:: 49565.8 Da

References

Details

6. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: agonist

General Function:: Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:: G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modul...
Gene Name:: HTR2C
Uniprot ID:: P28335
Uniprot Name:: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
Molecular Weight:: 51820.705 Da

References

Details

7. D(1B) dopamine receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: agonist

General Function:: G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:: Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:: DRD5
Uniprot ID:: P21918
Uniprot Name:: D(1B) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight:: 52950.5 Da

References

Details

8. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: agonist

General Function:: Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:: G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G pro...
Gene Name:: HTR1A
Uniprot ID:: P08908
Uniprot Name:: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
Molecular Weight:: 46106.335 Da

References

Details

9. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: agonist

General Function:: Virus receptor activity
Specific Function:: G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates...
Gene Name:: HTR2A
Uniprot ID:: P28223
Uniprot Name:: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
Molecular Weight:: 52602.58 Da

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Details

10. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: agonist

General Function:: Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:: G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various ergot alkaloid derivatives and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins ...
Gene Name:: HTR2B
Uniprot ID:: P41595
Uniprot Name:: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B
Molecular Weight:: 54297.41 Da

References

Details

11. Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: agonist

General Function:: Thioesterase binding
Specific Function:: Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazoline > clonidine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > phenylephrine > dopamine > p-synephrine > p-tyramine > serotonin = p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > phentolamine = mianser...
Gene Name:: ADRA2A
Uniprot ID:: P08913
Uniprot Name:: Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight:: 48956.275 Da

References

Details

12. D(1A) dopamine receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: agonist

General Function:: G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:: Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:: DRD1
Uniprot ID:: P21728
Uniprot Name:: D(1A) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight:: 49292.765 Da

References

Details

13. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: agonist

General Function:: Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:: G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate c...
Gene Name:: HTR1D
Uniprot ID:: P28221
Uniprot Name:: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D
Molecular Weight:: 41906.38 Da

References

Details

14. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: agonist

General Function:: Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:: G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive substances, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of ...
Gene Name:: HTR1B
Uniprot ID:: P28222
Uniprot Name:: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B
Molecular Weight:: 43567.535 Da

References

Details

15. Neuron-specific vesicular protein calcyon

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: agonist

General Function:: Clathrin light chain binding
Specific Function:: Interacts with clathrin light chain A and stimulates clathrin self-assembly and clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Gene Name:: CALY
Uniprot ID:: Q9NYX4
Uniprot Name:: Neuron-specific vesicular protein calcyon
Molecular Weight:: 23433.49 Da

References

Enzymes

Details

1. Cytochrome P450 1A2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: inhibitor

General Function:: Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function:: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N...
Gene Name:: CYP1A2
Uniprot ID:: P05177
Uniprot Name:: Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight:: 58293.76 Da

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on August 02, 2017 16:26

Structure for DB00714 (Apomorphine)

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Enzymes