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IdentificationPharmacologyInteractionsReferencesTrialsEconomicsPropertiesSpectraTaxonomyIdentification
- Name
- Lopinavir
- Accession Number
- DB01601 (EXPT00388)
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Description
Lopinavir (ABT-378) is an antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class. It is marketed by Abbott as Kaletra, a co-formulation with a sub-therapeutic dose of ritonavir, as a component of combination therapy to treat HIV/AIDS.
- Structure
Structure for Lopinavir (DB01601)
- Synonyms
- Lopinavir
- LPV
- External IDs
- A-157378-0 / A-157378.0 / ABT-378
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Kaletra Lopinavir (80 mg) + Ritonavir (20 mg) Solution Oral Abbvie 2001-03-09 Not applicable Canada 
Kaletra Lopinavir (200 mg/1) + Ritonavir (50 mg/1) Tablet, film coated Oral AbbVie Inc. 2010-06-18 Not applicable US 
Kaletra Lopinavir (200 mg/1) + Ritonavir (50 mg/1) Tablet, film coated Oral HHS/Program Support Center/Supply Service Center 2010-06-18 Not applicable US Kaletra Lopinavir (200 mg/1) + Ritonavir (50 mg/1) Tablet, film coated Oral Doh Central Pharmacy 2009-07-01 Not applicable US Kaletra Lopinavir (100 mg) + Ritonavir (25 mg) Tablet Oral Abbvie 2008-08-11 Not applicable Canada Kaletra Lopinavir (200 mg/1) + Ritonavir (50 mg/1) Tablet, film coated Oral Dispensing Solutions, Inc. 2010-06-18 Not applicable US Kaletra Lopinavir (133.3 mg/1) + Ritonavir (33.3 mg/1) Capsule, liquid filled Oral Abbvie 2000-09-15 2005-12-21 US Kaletra Lopinavir (200 mg/1) + Ritonavir (50 mg/1) Tablet, film coated Oral A-S Medication Solutions 2010-06-18 Not applicable US Kaletra Lopinavir (100 mg/1) + Ritonavir (25 mg/1) Tablet, film coated Oral AbbVie Inc. 2010-06-18 Not applicable US Kaletra Lopinavir (200 mg/1) + Ritonavir (50 mg/1) Tablet, film coated Oral Rebel Distributors 2010-06-18 Not applicable US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Kaletra Lopinavir (200 mg/1) + Ritonavir (50 mg/1) Tablet Oral Remedy Repack 2010-09-27 2013-05-16 US - International/Other Brands
- Aluviran / Koletra
- Categories
- Anti-HIV Agents
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Anti-Retroviral Agents
- Antiinfectives for Systemic Use
- Antiviral Agents
- Antivirals for Systemic Use
- BSEP/ABCB11 Substrates
- Chemically-Induced Disorders
- CYP3A Substrates (Sensitive)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inhibitors (weak)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors (weak)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors (strong)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (weak)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors (moderate)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors (strong)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strong)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitors
- Direct Acting Antivirals
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Highest Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents
- HIV Protease Inhibitors
- Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents
- Nephrotoxic agents
- OATP1B1/SLCO1B1 Inhibitors
- OATP1B3 inhibitors
- Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 Inhibitors
- P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors
- Protease Inhibitors
- Pyrimidines
- Pyrimidinones
- QTc Prolonging Agents
- UNII
- 2494G1JF75
- CAS number
- 192725-17-0
- Weight
- Average: 628.8008
Monoisotopic: 628.362470666 - Chemical Formula
- C37H48N4O5
- InChI Key
- KJHKTHWMRKYKJE-SUGCFTRWSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C37H48N4O5/c1-25(2)34(41-20-12-19-38-37(41)45)36(44)39-30(21-28-15-7-5-8-16-28)23-32(42)31(22-29-17-9-6-10-18-29)40-33(43)24-46-35-26(3)13-11-14-27(35)4/h5-11,13-18,25,30-32,34,42H,12,19-24H2,1-4H3,(H,38,45)(H,39,44)(H,40,43)/t30-,31-,32-,34-/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (2S)-N-[(2S,4S,5S)-5-[2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)acetamido]-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]-3-methyl-2-(2-oxo-1,3-diazinan-1-yl)butanamide
- SMILES
- CC(C)[C@H](N1CCCNC1=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C[C@H](O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)COC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C)CC1=CC=CC=C1
Pharmacology
- Indication
Indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-infection.
- Associated Conditions
- Pharmacodynamics
Lopinavir is an antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class. Inhibiting HIV-1 protease (responsible for protein cleavage), results in selectively inhibiting the cleavage of HIV gag and gag-pol polyproteins, thereby preventing viral maturation.
- Mechanism of action
Lopinavir inhibits the HIV viral protease enzyme. This prevents cleavage of the gag-pol polyprotein and, therefore, improper viral assembly results. This subsequently results in non-infectious, immature viral particles.
Target Actions Organism AHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitorHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 - Absorption
Administered alone, lopinavir has insufficient bioavailability; however, like several HIV protease inhibitors, its blood levels are greatly increased by low doses of ritonavir, a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A4.
- Volume of distribution
- Not Available
- Protein binding
Lopinavir is highly bound to plasma proteins (98-99%).
- Metabolism
Hepatic. Lopinavir is extensively metabolized by the hepatic cytochrome P450 system, almost exclusively by the CYP3A isozyme.
- Route of elimination
- Not Available
- Half life
- Not Available
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Toxicity
Although human experience of acute overdosage with lopinavir is limited, accidental ingestion of the product by a young child could result in significant alcohol-related toxicity and could approach the potential lethal dose of alcohol.
- Affected organisms
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction (R)-warfarin The metabolism of Lopinavir can be decreased when combined with (R)-warfarin. (S)-Warfarin The metabolism of Lopinavir can be decreased when combined with (S)-Warfarin. 2,4-thiazolidinedione The therapeutic efficacy of 2,4-thiazolidinedione can be decreased when used in combination with Lopinavir. 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid The metabolism of Lopinavir can be decreased when combined with 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid. 4-hydroxycoumarin The metabolism of 4-hydroxycoumarin can be decreased when combined with Lopinavir. 4-Methoxyamphetamine The metabolism of 4-Methoxyamphetamine can be decreased when combined with Lopinavir. 5-androstenedione The metabolism of Lopinavir can be decreased when combined with 5-androstenedione. 6-Deoxyerythronolide B The metabolism of Lopinavir can be decreased when combined with 6-Deoxyerythronolide B. 6-O-benzylguanine The metabolism of Lopinavir can be decreased when combined with 6-O-benzylguanine. 9-aminocamptothecin The metabolism of Lopinavir can be decreased when combined with 9-aminocamptothecin. - Food Interactions
- Avoid St.John's Wort.
- Take with food.
References
- Synthesis Reference
- US5914332
- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015539
- KEGG Drug
- D01425
- KEGG Compound
- C12871
- PubChem Compound
- 92727
- PubChem Substance
- 46508588
- ChemSpider
- 83706
- BindingDB
- 578
- ChEBI
- 31781
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL729
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000708
- PharmGKB
- PA450264
- HET
- AB1
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Lopinavir
- ATC Codes
- J05AR10 — Lopinavir and ritonavir
- PDB Entries
- 1mui / 1rv7 / 2o4s / 2q5k / 2qhc / 2rkf / 2rkg / 2z54 / 3ogq / 4l1a … show 2 more
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral Capsule, liquid filled Oral Solution Oral Tablet Oral Tablet, film coated Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) US6703403 Yes 2004-03-09 2016-12-26 US US6037157 Yes 2000-03-14 2016-12-26 US US6232333 Yes 2001-05-15 2018-05-07 US US7432294 Yes 2008-10-07 2020-11-22 US US7141593 Yes 2006-11-28 2020-11-22 US US5914332 Yes 1999-06-22 2016-06-13 US US6284767 Yes 2001-09-04 2016-08-15 US US7364752 Yes 2008-04-29 2021-05-10 US US8309613 Yes 2012-11-13 2025-06-24 US US8377952 Yes 2013-02-19 2028-04-22 US US8691878 Yes 2014-04-08 2025-02-25 US US8025899 Yes 2011-09-27 2028-06-14 US US7148359 Yes 2006-12-12 2020-01-19 US US8470347 Yes 2013-06-25 2027-03-17 US US8268349 Yes 2012-09-18 2025-02-25 US US8399015 Yes 2013-03-19 2025-02-25 US US6458818 Yes 2002-10-01 2018-05-07 US US6521651 Yes 2003-02-18 2018-05-07 US US6911214 Yes 2005-06-28 2022-05-28 US US8501219 No 2013-08-06 2021-11-28 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.00192 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 3.91 ALOGPS logP 4.69 ChemAxon logS -5.5 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 13.39 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -1.5 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 5 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 4 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 120 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 15 ChemAxon Refractivity 179.36 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 69.2 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 4 ChemAxon Bioavailability 0 ChemAxon Rule of Five No ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule Yes ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.6593 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.9916 Caco-2 permeable + 0.8856 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.8755 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.7355 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Inhibitor 0.5277 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8578 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7508 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9116 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.6732 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.8935 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7326 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9438 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7983 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.6469 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9054 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8049 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.7865 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9182 Rat acute toxicity 2.2503 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.8605 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Inhibitor 0.8475
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available MS/MS Spectrum - , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0fb9-0119005000-e99616dc321beea979ae MS/MS Spectrum - , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0532-1900601000-f85a252f1640f27563a8
Taxonomy
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as valine and derivatives. These are compounds containing valine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of valine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Carboxylic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
- Direct Parent
- Valine and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Amphetamines and derivatives / m-Xylenes / Phenol ethers / Phenoxy compounds / Alkyl aryl ethers / Pyrimidones / Diazinanes / N-acyl amines / Secondary carboxylic acid amides / Ureas show 7 more
- Substituents
- Valine or derivatives / Amphetamine or derivatives / Phenoxy compound / Phenol ether / M-xylene / Xylene / Alkyl aryl ether / Pyrimidone / Monocyclic benzene moiety / 1,3-diazinane show 23 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- dicarboxylic acid diamide, amphetamines (CHEBI:31781)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human immunodeficiency virus 1
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Aspartic-type endopeptidase activity
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- pol
- Uniprot ID
- Q72874
- Uniprot Name
- Pol polyprotein
- Molecular Weight
- 10778.7 Da
References
- Garriga C, Perez-Elias MJ, Delgado R, Ruiz L, Najera R, Pumarola T, Alonso-Socas Mdel M, Garcia-Bujalance S, Menendez-Arias L: Mutational patterns and correlated amino acid substitutions in the HIV-1 protease after virological failure to nelfinavir- and lopinavir/ritonavir-based treatments. J Med Virol. 2007 Nov;79(11):1617-28. [PubMed:17854027]
- Reddy GS, Ali A, Nalam MN, Anjum SG, Cao H, Nathans RS, Schiffer CA, Rana TM: Design and synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating oxazolidinones as P2/P2' ligands in pseudosymmetric dipeptide isosteres. J Med Chem. 2007 Sep 6;50(18):4316-28. Epub 2007 Aug 16. [PubMed:17696512]
- Wittayanarakul K, Hannongbua S, Feig M: Accurate prediction of protonation state as a prerequisite for reliable MM-PB(GB)SA binding free energy calculations of HIV-1 protease inhibitors. J Comput Chem. 2008 Apr 15;29(5):673-85. [PubMed:17849388]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]
- Authors unspecified: Lopinavir/ritonavir: a protease inhibitor combination. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2001 Jan 8;43(1095):1-2. [PubMed:11151088]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Lopez Aspiroz E, Cabrera Figueroa SE, Iglesias Gomez A, Valverde Merino MP, Dominguez-Gil Hurle A: CYP3A4 polymorphism and lopinavir toxicity in an HIV-infected pregnant woman. Clin Drug Investig. 2015 Jan;35(1):61-6. doi: 10.1007/s40261-014-0245-7. [PubMed:25391550]
- Zhou SF: Drugs behave as substrates, inhibitors and inducers of human cytochrome P450 3A4. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 May;9(4):310-22. [PubMed:18473749]
- Yeh RF, Gaver VE, Patterson KB, Rezk NL, Baxter-Meheux F, Blake MJ, Eron JJ Jr, Klein CE, Rublein JC, Kashuba AD: Lopinavir/ritonavir induces the hepatic activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 but inhibits the hepatic and intestinal activity of CYP3A as measured by a phenotyping drug cocktail in healthy volunteers. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 May;42(1):52-60. doi: 10.1097/01.qai.0000219774.20174.64. [PubMed:16639344]
- Weemhoff JL, von Moltke LL, Richert C, Hesse LM, Harmatz JS, Greenblatt DJ: Apparent mechanism-based inhibition of human CYP3A in-vitro by lopinavir. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003 Mar;55(3):381-6. doi: 10.1211/002235702739. [PubMed:12724045]
- Sham HL, Betebenner DA, Herrin T, Kumar G, Saldivar A, Vasavanonda S, Molla A, Kempf DJ, Plattner JJ, Norbeck DW: Synthesis and antiviral activities of the major metabolites of the HIV protease inhibitor ABT-378 (Lopinavir). Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2001 Jun 4;11(11):1351-3. [PubMed:11378352]
- Drug Interactions & Labeling - FDA [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
- Gene Name
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID
- P10635
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2D6
- Molecular Weight
- 55768.94 Da
References
- Weemhoff JL, von Moltke LL, Richert C, Hesse LM, Harmatz JS, Greenblatt DJ: Apparent mechanism-based inhibition of human CYP3A in-vitro by lopinavir. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003 Mar;55(3):381-6. doi: 10.1211/002235702739. [PubMed:12724045]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID
- P33261
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- Molecular Weight
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Weemhoff JL, von Moltke LL, Richert C, Hesse LM, Harmatz JS, Greenblatt DJ: Apparent mechanism-based inhibition of human CYP3A in-vitro by lopinavir. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003 Mar;55(3):381-6. doi: 10.1211/002235702739. [PubMed:12724045]
- Kaletra, FDA label [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID
- P20813
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2B6
- Molecular Weight
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Weemhoff JL, von Moltke LL, Richert C, Hesse LM, Harmatz JS, Greenblatt DJ: Apparent mechanism-based inhibition of human CYP3A in-vitro by lopinavir. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003 Mar;55(3):381-6. doi: 10.1211/002235702739. [PubMed:12724045]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- InhibitorInducer
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- Molecular Weight
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Weemhoff JL, von Moltke LL, Richert C, Hesse LM, Harmatz JS, Greenblatt DJ: Apparent mechanism-based inhibition of human CYP3A in-vitro by lopinavir. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003 Mar;55(3):381-6. doi: 10.1211/002235702739. [PubMed:12724045]
- Hughes CA, Freitas A, Miedzinski LJ: Interaction between lopinavir/ritonavir and warfarin. CMAJ. 2007 Aug 14;177(4):357-9. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.061284. [PubMed:17698824]
- Lim ML, Min SS, Eron JJ, Bertz RJ, Robinson M, Gaedigk A, Kashuba AD: Coadministration of lopinavir/ritonavir and phenytoin results in two-way drug interaction through cytochrome P-450 induction. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Aug 15;36(5):1034-40. [PubMed:15247556]
- Kaletra FDA label [File]
- Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Transporters Induced by Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors in Human Hepatocytes: Implications for Predicting Clinical Drug Interactions [File]
- Kaletra EPAR [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Components:
| Name | UniProt ID |
|---|---|
| Cytochrome P450 3A4 | P08684 |
| Cytochrome P450 3A43 | Q9HB55 |
| Cytochrome P450 3A5 | P20815 |
| Cytochrome P450 3A7 | P24462 |
References
- Drug Interactions & Labeling - FDA [Link]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Vishnuvardhan D, Moltke LL, Richert C, Greenblatt DJ: Lopinavir: acute exposure inhibits P-glycoprotein; extended exposure induces P-glycoprotein. AIDS. 2003 May 2;17(7):1092-4. [PubMed:12700464]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostagland...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1B1
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y6L6
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
- Molecular Weight
- 76447.99 Da
References
- Annaert P, Ye ZW, Stieger B, Augustijns P: Interaction of HIV protease inhibitors with OATP1B1, 1B3, and 2B1. Xenobiotica. 2010 Mar;40(3):163-76. doi: 10.3109/00498250903509375. [PubMed:20102298]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, taurocholate, triiodothyronine (T3), leukotriene C4, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), methotre...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1B3
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NPD5
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
- Molecular Weight
- 77402.175 Da
References
- FDA Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes.
- Gene Name
- ABCB11
- Uniprot ID
- O95342
- Uniprot Name
- Bile salt export pump
- Molecular Weight
- 146405.83 Da
References
- Pedersen JM, Matsson P, Bergstrom CA, Hoogstraate J, Noren A, LeCluyse EL, Artursson P: Early identification of clinically relevant drug interactions with the human bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11). Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):328-43. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft197. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:24014644]
Drug created on August 29, 2007 12:45 / Updated on December 16, 2018 06:49