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IdentificationPharmacologyInteractionsReferencesTrialsEconomicsPropertiesSpectraTaxonomyIdentification
- Name
- Verapamil
- Accession Number
- DB00661 (APRD00335)
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Description
A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.
- Structure
Structure for DB00661 (Verapamil)
- Synonyms
- Iproveratril
- Vérapamil
- Verapamil
- Verapamilo
- Verapamilum
- External IDs
- CP-16,533-1 / D-365
- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Verapamil hydrochloride V3888OEY5R 152-11-4 DOQPXTMNIUCOSY-UHFFFAOYNA-N - Product Images
- Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Alti-verapamil - 120mg Tablet 120 mg Oral Altimed Pharma Inc. 1990-12-31 2004-08-03 Canada 
Alti-verapamil - 80mg Tablet 80 mg Oral Altimed Pharma Inc. 1990-12-31 2004-08-03 Canada Calan Tablet, film coated 120 mg/1 Oral G.D. Searle LLC Division of Pfizer Inc 1984-09-10 Not applicable US 
Calan Tablet, film coated 80 mg/1 Oral G.D. Searle LLC Division of Pfizer Inc 1984-09-10 Not applicable US Calan SR Tablet, film coated, extended release 180 mg/1 Oral G.D. Searle LLC Division of Pfizer Inc 1989-12-15 Not applicable US Calan SR Tablet, film coated, extended release 240 mg/1 Oral G.D. Searle LLC Division of Pfizer Inc 1986-12-16 Not applicable US 
Calan SR Tablet, film coated, extended release 120 mg/1 Oral G.D. Searle LLC Division of Pfizer Inc 1991-03-06 Not applicable US Covera-HS Tablet, extended release 180 mg/1 Oral G.D. Searle LLC Division of Pfizer Inc 1996-02-26 2016-10-13 US Covera-HS Tablet, extended release 240 mg Oral Pfizer 1997-11-13 2013-02-15 Canada Covera-HS Tablet, extended release 240 mg/1 Oral G.D. Searle LLC Division of Pfizer Inc 1996-02-26 2016-10-13 US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Apo-verap SR Tablet, extended release 240 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 2003-04-24 Not applicable Canada Apo-verap SR Tablet, extended release 180 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 2003-04-24 Not applicable Canada Apo-verap SR Tablet, extended release 120 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 2003-04-24 Not applicable Canada Apo-verap Tab 80mg Tablet 80 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 1989-12-31 Not applicable Canada Apo-verap Tablet 120mg Tablet 120 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 1989-12-31 Not applicable Canada Verapamil Tablet, film coated, extended release 240 mg/1 Oral Amerincan Health Packaging 2014-01-14 2016-04-30 US Verapamil Tablet, film coated, extended release 180 mg/1 Oral Apotex Corporation 2012-11-19 2016-12-31 US Verapamil Tablet, film coated, extended release 120 mg/1 Oral Apotex Corporation 2012-11-19 2016-12-31 US Verapamil Tablet, extended release 180 mg/1 Oral Pd Rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2011-08-05 Not applicable US 
Verapamil Tablet, film coated, extended release 180 mg/1 Oral Amerincan Health Packaging 2014-01-14 2015-12-31 US - International/Other Brands
- Bosoptin (Bosnalijek) / Isoptin (Abbott) / Verisop (Gerard) / Vermin (Ratiopharm) / Vermine (Pharmasant) / Verogalid (Ivax) / Verogalid ER (Ivax) / Verpamil (Mylan) / Vertab (Trinity-Chiesi) / Vetrimil (CCPC) / Zolvera (Rosemont)
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Tarka Verapamil hydrochloride (240 mg/1) + Trandolapril (2 mg/1) Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 2005-05-27 Not applicable US Tarka Verapamil hydrochloride (180 mg) + Trandolapril (2 mg) Tablet, extended release Oral Abbott 2002-07-15 2010-11-12 Canada Tarka Verapamil hydrochloride (180 mg/1) + Trandolapril (2 mg/1) Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral Abbvie 1996-10-22 Not applicable US Tarka Verapamil hydrochloride (240 mg/1) + Trandolapril (4 mg/1) Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral Abbvie 1996-10-22 Not applicable US Tarka Verapamil hydrochloride (240 mg) + Trandolapril (1 mg) Tablet, extended release Oral Abbott 2002-07-15 2010-11-12 Canada Tarka Verapamil hydrochloride (240 mg/1) + Trandolapril (4 mg/1) Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 2009-06-25 Not applicable US 
Tarka Verapamil hydrochloride (240 mg/1) + Trandolapril (1 mg/1) Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral Abbvie 1996-10-22 2018-02-28 US Tarka Verapamil hydrochloride (240 mg) + Trandolapril (4 mg) Tablet, extended release Oral Bgp Pharma Ulc 2002-07-15 Not applicable Canada Tarka Verapamil hydrochloride (240 mg) + Trandolapril (2 mg) Tablet, extended release Oral Bgp Pharma Ulc 2002-07-15 Not applicable Canada Tarka Verapamil hydrochloride (180 mg/1) + Trandolapril (2 mg/1) Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 2009-01-01 Not applicable US - Categories
- Alpha1 Antagonists
- Amines
- Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
- BCRP/ABCG2 Inhibitors
- Bradycardia-Causing Agents
- BSEP/ABCB11 Inhibitors
- Calcium Channel Blockers
- Calcium Channel Blockers (Nondihydropyridine)
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Cardiovascular System
- Combined Inhibitors of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors (weak)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors (weak)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (moderate)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Ethylamines
- Hypotensive Agents
- Membrane Transport Modulators
- P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inducers
- P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors
- P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Substrates
- Phenethylamines
- Phenylalkylamine Derivatives
- Selective Calcium Channel Blockers With Direct Cardiac Effects
- Vasodilator Agents
- UNII
- CJ0O37KU29
- CAS number
- 52-53-9
- Weight
- Average: 454.6016
Monoisotopic: 454.283157714 - Chemical Formula
- C27H38N2O4
- InChI Key
- SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C27H38N2O4/c1-20(2)27(19-28,22-10-12-24(31-5)26(18-22)33-7)14-8-15-29(3)16-13-21-9-11-23(30-4)25(17-21)32-6/h9-12,17-18,20H,8,13-16H2,1-7H3
- IUPAC Name
- 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
- SMILES
- COC1=C(OC)C=C(CCN(C)CCCC(C#N)(C(C)C)C2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C2)C=C1
Pharmacology
- Indication
For the treatment of hypertension, angina, and cluster headache prophylaxis.
- Structured Indications
- Pharmacodynamics
Verapamil is an L-type calcium channel blocker that also has antiarrythmic activity. The R-enantiomer is more effective at reducing blood pressure compared to the S-enantiomer. However, the S-enantiomer is 20 times more potent than the R-enantiomer at prolonging the PR interval in treating arrhythmias.
- Mechanism of action
Verapamil inhibits voltage-dependent calcium channels. Specifically, its effect on L-type calcium channels in the heart causes a reduction in ionotropy and chronotropy, thuis reducing heart rate and blood pressure. Verapamil's mechanism of effect in cluster headache is thought to be linked to its calcium-channel blocker effect, but which channel subtypes are involved is presently not known.
- Absorption
90%
- Volume of distribution
- Not Available
- Protein binding
90%
- Metabolism
Reactions:
- Verapamil O-Desmethylverapamil (D-702)
- Verapamil Verapamil metabolite D-617
- Verapamil Norverapamil
- Verapamil O-Desmethylverapamil (D-703)
- O-Desmethylverapamil (D-702) Verapamil metabolite D-620
- Verapamil metabolite D-617 Verapamil metabolite D-620
- Verapamil metabolite D-617 Verapamil metabolite PR-25
- Norverapamil Verapamil metabolite D-715 (PR-22)
- Norverapamil Verapamil metabolite D-620
- Route of elimination
Approximately 70% of an administered dose is excreted as metabolites in the urine and 16% or more in the feces within 5 days. About 3% to 4% is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug.
- Half life
2.8-7.4 hours
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Toxicity
LD50=8 mg/kg (i.v. in mice)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
- Pathways
Pathway Category Verapamil Action Pathway Drug action - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Interacting Gene/Enzyme Allele name Genotype(s) Defining Change(s) Type(s) Description Details Beta-1 adrenergic receptor --- (G;G) / (C;G) G > C Effect Directly Studied Patients with this genotype require a lower dosage of verapamil to achieve a favourable rate-control response when treating atrial fibrillation. Details
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction Drug group 1,10-Phenanthroline The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with 1,10-Phenanthroline. Experimental 2-HYDROXY-1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when 2-HYDROXY-1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE is combined with Verapamil. Experimental 2-mercaptobenzothiazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when 2-mercaptobenzothiazole is combined with Verapamil. Vet Approved 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin. Experimental 4-(2-Aminoethyl)Benzenesulfonyl Fluoride The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with 4-(2-Aminoethyl)Benzenesulfonyl Fluoride. Experimental Abiraterone The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone. Approved Acebutolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Acebutolol. Approved Acenocoumarol The metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Acetaminophen The metabolism of Acetaminophen can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Acetyldigitoxin Verapamil may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Acetyldigitoxin. Approved Acetyldigoxin Verapamil may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Acetyldigoxin. Experimental Acetylsalicylic acid The serum concentration of Acetylsalicylic acid can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Adinazolam The metabolism of Adinazolam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Afatinib The serum concentration of Afatinib can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Albendazole The metabolism of Albendazole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Alclometasone The metabolism of Alclometasone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Aldesleukin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aldesleukin is combined with Verapamil. Approved Aldosterone The serum concentration of Aldosterone can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Alectinib The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Alectinib. Approved Alfentanil The metabolism of Alfentanil can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Alfuzosin The metabolism of Alfuzosin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Aliskiren The serum concentration of Aliskiren can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Alitretinoin The serum concentration of Alitretinoin can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Allylestrenol The metabolism of Allylestrenol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Almotriptan The metabolism of Almotriptan can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Alogliptin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Alogliptin. Approved Alosetron The metabolism of Alosetron can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Withdrawn Aloxiprin Verapamil may increase the anticoagulant activities of Aloxiprin. Experimental Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor. Approved Alprazolam The metabolism of Alprazolam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Alprenolol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Alprenolol. Approved, Withdrawn Amantadine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Amantadine. Approved Ambrisentan The metabolism of Ambrisentan can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Ambroxol The metabolism of Ambroxol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Amifostine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amifostine is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Amiloride The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amiloride is combined with Verapamil. Approved Aminohippuric acid The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Aminohippuric acid. Approved Aminophenazone The metabolism of Aminophenazone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Withdrawn Aminophylline The metabolism of Aminophylline can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Aminosalicylic Acid Verapamil may increase the anticoagulant activities of Aminosalicylic Acid. Approved Amiodarone Verapamil may increase the bradycardic activities of Amiodarone. Approved, Investigational Amitriptyline The metabolism of Amitriptyline can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Amlodipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amlodipine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Amobarbital Amobarbital may increase the hypotensive activities of Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Amorolfine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amorolfine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Amphotericin B The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amphotericin B is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Amprenavir The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Amprenavir. Approved Amsacrine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Amsacrine. Approved Amyl Nitrite The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Amyl Nitrite. Approved Anidulafungin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Anidulafungin is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Antipyrine The metabolism of Antipyrine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Antithrombin III human The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Antithrombin III human. Approved Apixaban The serum concentration of Apixaban can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Apomorphine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Apraclonidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Apraclonidine. Approved Apremilast The metabolism of Apremilast can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Aprepitant The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Aprepitant. Approved, Investigational Aprotinin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Aprotinin. Approved, Withdrawn Argatroban The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Argatroban. Approved, Investigational Aripiprazole The serum concentration of Aripiprazole can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Armodafinil The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Armodafinil. Approved, Investigational Arotinolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Arotinolol is combined with Verapamil. Approved Arsenic trioxide The serum concentration of Arsenic trioxide can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Artemether The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Artemether is combined with Verapamil. Approved Asenapine The metabolism of Asenapine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Astemizole The metabolism of Astemizole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Withdrawn Asunaprevir The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Asunaprevir. Approved, Investigational Atazanavir The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Atazanavir. Approved, Investigational Atenolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Atenolol is combined with Verapamil. Approved Atomoxetine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Atomoxetine. Approved Atorvastatin The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Atorvastatin. Approved Atosiban The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Atosiban. Approved Atracurium besylate Verapamil may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Atracurium besylate. Approved Avanafil The serum concentration of Avanafil can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Axitinib The metabolism of Axitinib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Azelastine The metabolism of Azelastine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Azilsartan medoxomil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Azilsartan medoxomil. Approved Azithromycin The metabolism of Azithromycin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Bafilomycin A1 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bafilomycin A1 is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Balsalazide Verapamil may increase the anticoagulant activities of Balsalazide. Approved, Investigational Banoxantrone The metabolism of Banoxantrone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Investigational Barbexaclone Barbexaclone may increase the hypotensive activities of Verapamil. Experimental Barbital Barbital may increase the hypotensive activities of Verapamil. Illicit Barnidipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Barnidipine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Batimastat The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Batimastat. Experimental Bedaquiline The metabolism of Bedaquiline can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Befunolol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Befunolol. Experimental Belinostat The serum concentration of Belinostat can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Benazepril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Benazepril. Approved, Investigational Bendroflumethiazide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bendroflumethiazide is combined with Verapamil. Approved Benzamidine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Benzamidine. Experimental Benzocaine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Benzocaine. Approved Benzoic Acid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzoic Acid is combined with Verapamil. Approved Benzphetamine The metabolism of Benzphetamine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Benzyl alcohol The metabolism of Benzyl alcohol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Bepridil The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Bepridil. Approved, Withdrawn Beractant Verapamil may increase the bradycardic activities of Beractant. Approved Betamethasone The serum concentration of Betamethasone can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Betaxolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Betaxolol is combined with Verapamil. Approved Bevantolol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Bevantolol. Approved Bexarotene The metabolism of Bexarotene can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Bezafibrate The metabolism of Bezafibrate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Bicalutamide The metabolism of Bicalutamide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Bifonazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bifonazole is combined with Verapamil. Approved Biperiden The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Biperiden. Approved Bisoprolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bisoprolol is combined with Verapamil. Approved Bivalirudin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Bivalirudin. Approved, Investigational Boceprevir The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Boceprevir. Withdrawn Bopindolol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Bopindolol. Approved Bortezomib The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Bortezomib. Approved, Investigational Bosentan The serum concentration of Bosentan can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Bosutinib The serum concentration of Bosutinib can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Brefeldin A The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when 1,6,7,8,9,11A,12,13,14,14A-DECAHYDRO-1,13-DIHYDROXY-6-METHYL-4H-CYCLOPENT[F]OXACYCLOTRIDECIN-4-ONE is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Brentuximab vedotin The serum concentration of Brentuximab vedotin can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Bretylium Bretylium may increase the bradycardic activities of Verapamil. Approved Brexpiprazole The serum concentration of Brexpiprazole can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Brimonidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Brimonidine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Brinzolamide The metabolism of Brinzolamide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Brivaracetam The metabolism of Brivaracetam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Bromazepam The metabolism of Bromazepam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Bromocriptine The metabolism of Bromocriptine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Brompheniramine The metabolism of Brompheniramine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Bucindolol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Bucindolol. Investigational Budesonide The serum concentration of Budesonide can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Bufuralol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Bufuralol. Experimental, Investigational Bumetanide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Bumetanide. Approved Bunazosin Bunazosin may increase the hypotensive activities of Verapamil. Investigational Bupivacaine The metabolism of Bupivacaine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Bupranolol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Bupranolol. Approved Buprenorphine The metabolism of Buprenorphine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet Approved Bupropion The metabolism of Bupropion can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Buspirone The metabolism of Buspirone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Busulfan The metabolism of Busulfan can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Butenafine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Butenafine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Butoconazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Butoconazole is combined with Verapamil. Approved Cabazitaxel The metabolism of Cabazitaxel can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Cabergoline The metabolism of Cabergoline can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Cabozantinib The metabolism of Cabozantinib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Caffeine The metabolism of Caffeine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Calcitriol The metabolism of Calcitriol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Nutraceutical Calcium The therapeutic efficacy of Verapamil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium. Nutraceutical Calcium Acetate The therapeutic efficacy of Verapamil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium Acetate. Approved Calcium Carbonate The therapeutic efficacy of Verapamil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium Carbonate. Approved Calcium Citrate The therapeutic efficacy of Verapamil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium Citrate. Approved Calcium glubionate The therapeutic efficacy of Verapamil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium glubionate. Approved Calcium Gluceptate The therapeutic efficacy of Verapamil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium Gluceptate. Approved Calcium gluconate The therapeutic efficacy of Verapamil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium gluconate. Approved, Vet Approved Calcium lactate The therapeutic efficacy of Verapamil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium lactate. Approved, Experimental, Vet Approved Calcium lactate gluconate The therapeutic efficacy of Verapamil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium lactate gluconate. Experimental Calcium laevulate The therapeutic efficacy of Verapamil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium laevulate. Experimental Calcium pangamate The therapeutic efficacy of Verapamil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium pangamate. Experimental Calcium Phosphate The therapeutic efficacy of Verapamil can be decreased when used in combination with Calcium Phosphate. Approved Calfactant Verapamil may increase the bradycardic activities of Calfactant. Approved Camostat The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Camostat. Experimental Camptothecin The serum concentration of Camptothecin can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Canagliflozin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Canagliflozin. Approved Candesartan cilexetil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Candesartan. Approved Candicidin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Candicidin is combined with Verapamil. Withdrawn Candoxatril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Candoxatril. Experimental Candoxatrilat The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Candoxatrilat. Experimental Capecitabine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Capecitabine. Approved, Investigational Capric acid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Capric acid is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Captopril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Captopril. Approved Carbamazepine The serum concentration of Carbamazepine can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Carbaspirin calcium Verapamil may increase the anticoagulant activities of Carbaspirin calcium. Experimental Carbetocin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carbetocin is combined with Verapamil. Approved Carbinoxamine The metabolism of Carbinoxamine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Carbomycin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Carbomycin. Vet Approved Carfilzomib The serum concentration of Carfilzomib can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Cariprazine The metabolism of Cariprazine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Carteolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carteolol is combined with Verapamil. Approved Carvedilol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Carvedilol. Approved, Investigational Casein The therapeutic efficacy of Verapamil can be decreased when used in combination with Casein. Approved Caspofungin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Caspofungin is combined with Verapamil. Approved Celecoxib The metabolism of Celecoxib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Celiprolol The metabolism of Celiprolol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Cephalexin The metabolism of Cephalexin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Ceritinib The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Ceritinib. Approved Cerivastatin The metabolism of Cerivastatin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Withdrawn Cerulenin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cerulenin is combined with Verapamil. Approved Cevimeline The metabolism of Cevimeline can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Chenodeoxycholic acid The metabolism of Chenodeoxycholic acid can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Chloramphenicol The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Chloramphenicol. Approved, Vet Approved Chlordiazepoxide The metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Chloroquine The metabolism of Chloroquine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Chlorothiazide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Chlorothiazide. Approved, Vet Approved Chloroxine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloroxine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Chlorphenamine The metabolism of Chlorphenamine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Chlorpromazine The metabolism of Chlorpromazine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Chlorpropamide The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Chlorpropamide. Approved Chlorprothixene The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Chlorprothixene. Approved, Withdrawn Chlorthalidone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorthalidone is combined with Verapamil. Approved Chlorzoxazone The metabolism of Chlorzoxazone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Cholecalciferol The metabolism of Cholecalciferol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Nutraceutical Cholesterol The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Cholesterol. Experimental Cholic Acid Verapamil may decrease the excretion rate of Cholic Acid which could result in a higher serum level. Approved Chymostatin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Chymostatin. Experimental Ciclesonide The metabolism of Ciclesonide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Ciclopirox The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ciclopirox is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Cilastatin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Cilastatin. Approved Cilazapril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Cilazapril. Approved Cilnidipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cilnidipine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Cilostazol The serum concentration of Cilostazol can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Cimetidine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Cimetidine. Approved Cinacalcet The metabolism of Cinacalcet can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Ciprofloxacin The serum concentration of Ciprofloxacin can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Cisapride The metabolism of Cisapride can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Cisplatin The serum concentration of Cisplatin can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Citalopram The metabolism of Citalopram can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Clarithromycin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Clarithromycin. Approved Clemastine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Clemastine. Approved Clevidipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Clevidipine. Approved Clindamycin The metabolism of Clindamycin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Clobazam The metabolism of Clobazam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Clofarabine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clofarabine is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Clofazimine The metabolism of Clofazimine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Clofibrate The metabolism of Clofibrate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved clomethiazole The metabolism of clomethiazole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Investigational Clomifene The serum concentration of Clomifene can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Clomipramine The metabolism of Clomipramine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Clonazepam The metabolism of Clonazepam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Clonidine Clonidine may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Verapamil. Approved Clopidogrel The therapeutic efficacy of Clopidogrel can be decreased when used in combination with Verapamil. Approved, Nutraceutical Cloranolol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Cloranolol. Experimental Clorazepate The metabolism of Clorazepate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Clotiazepam The metabolism of Clotiazepam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Clotrimazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clotrimazole is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Clozapine The metabolism of Clozapine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Cobicistat The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Cobicistat. Approved Cobimetinib The serum concentration of Cobimetinib can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Cocaine The metabolism of Cocaine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Codeine The metabolism of Codeine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Colchicine The serum concentration of Colchicine can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Colforsin The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Colforsin. Experimental Conivaptan The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Conivaptan. Approved, Investigational Conjugated estrogens The metabolism of Conjugated estrogens can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Copanlisib The metabolism of Copanlisib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Cordycepin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cordycepin is combined with Verapamil. Investigational Cortisone acetate The metabolism of Cortisone acetate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Crisaborole The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Crisaborole. Approved Crizotinib The metabolism of Crizotinib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Cyclobenzaprine The metabolism of Cyclobenzaprine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Cyclophosphamide The metabolism of Cyclophosphamide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Cyclosporine The metabolism of Cyclosporine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Cymarin Verapamil may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Cymarin. Experimental Cyproterone acetate The serum concentration of Verapamil can be decreased when it is combined with Cyproterone acetate. Approved, Investigational Cytarabine The metabolism of Cytarabine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Dabigatran etexilate The serum concentration of the active metabolites of Dabigatran etexilate can be increased when Dabigatran etexilate is used in combination with Verapamil. Approved Dabrafenib The serum concentration of Verapamil can be decreased when it is combined with Dabrafenib. Approved Daclatasvir The metabolism of Daclatasvir can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Dactinomycin The serum concentration of Dactinomycin can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Dantrolene Dantrolene may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Verapamil. Approved Dapagliflozin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Dapagliflozin. Approved Dapoxetine The serum concentration of Dapoxetine can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Investigational Dapsone The metabolism of Dapsone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Darexaban The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Darexaban. Investigational Darifenacin The metabolism of Darifenacin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Darunavir The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Darunavir. Approved Dasabuvir The metabolism of Dasabuvir can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Dasatinib The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Dasatinib. Approved, Investigational Daunorubicin The metabolism of Daunorubicin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Debrisoquin The serum concentration of Debrisoquin can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Deferasirox The serum concentration of Verapamil can be decreased when it is combined with Deferasirox. Approved, Investigational Deflazacort The metabolism of Deflazacort can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Delanzomib The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Delanzomib. Investigational Delapril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Delapril. Experimental Delavirdine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Delavirdine. Approved dersalazine Verapamil may increase the anticoagulant activities of dersalazine. Investigational Desflurane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Verapamil. Approved Desipramine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Desipramine. Approved Deslanoside Verapamil may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Deslanoside. Approved Desloratadine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Desloratadine. Approved, Investigational Desvenlafaxine The metabolism of Desvenlafaxine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Deutetrabenazine The metabolism of Deutetrabenazine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Dexamethasone The metabolism of Dexamethasone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Dexchlorpheniramine maleate The metabolism of Dexchlorpheniramine maleate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Dexlansoprazole The metabolism of Dexlansoprazole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Dexmedetomidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dexmedetomidine is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Dextromethorphan The metabolism of Dextromethorphan can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Dextropropoxyphene The metabolism of Dextropropoxyphene can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit, Withdrawn Diazepam The metabolism of Diazepam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit, Vet Approved Dichlorophene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dichlorophene is combined with Verapamil. Vet Approved Diclofenac The metabolism of Diclofenac can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Diclofenamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Diclofenamide. Approved Dienogest The metabolism of Dienogest can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Diethylstilbestrol The serum concentration of Diethylstilbestrol can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Diflunisal Verapamil may increase the anticoagulant activities of Diflunisal. Approved Digitoxin The metabolism of Digitoxin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Digoxin The metabolism of Digoxin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Dihydrocodeine The metabolism of Dihydrocodeine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Dihydroergotamine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Dihydroergotamine. Approved Dihydrotestosterone The serum concentration of Dihydrotestosterone can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Illicit Diltiazem The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Diltiazem is combined with Verapamil. Approved Dinutuximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Dinutuximab. Approved Dipyridamole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Dipyridamole. Approved Disopyramide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Disopyramide. Approved Disulfiram The metabolism of Disulfiram can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Docetaxel The metabolism of Docetaxel can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Dofetilide The serum concentration of Dofetilide can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Dolasetron The metabolism of Dolasetron can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Domperidone The serum concentration of Domperidone can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Donepezil The metabolism of Donepezil can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Dorzolamide The metabolism of Dorzolamide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Dosulepin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Dosulepin. Approved Doxazosin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Doxazosin is combined with Verapamil. Approved Doxepin The metabolism of Doxepin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Doxorubicin The serum concentration of Doxorubicin can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Doxorubicin The metabolism of Doxorubicin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Doxycycline The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Doxycycline. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Dronabinol The serum concentration of Dronabinol can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Dronedarone Verapamil may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Dronedarone. Approved Duloxetine Verapamil may increase the orthostatic hypotensive activities of Duloxetine. Approved Dutasteride The metabolism of Dutasteride can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Ecabet The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Ecabet. Approved, Investigational Econazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Econazole is combined with Verapamil. Approved Edoxaban The serum concentration of Edoxaban can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Efavirenz The serum concentration of Verapamil can be decreased when it is combined with Efavirenz. Approved, Investigational Efinaconazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Efinaconazole is combined with Verapamil. Approved Efonidipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Efonidipine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Elafin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Elafin. Investigational Elbasvir The serum concentration of Elbasvir can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Eletriptan The serum concentration of Eletriptan can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Eliglustat The serum concentration of Eliglustat can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Elvitegravir The metabolism of Elvitegravir can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Empagliflozin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Empagliflozin. Approved Enalapril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Enalapril. Approved, Vet Approved Enalaprilat The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Enalaprilat. Approved Enalkiren The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Enalkiren. Experimental Enasidenib The metabolism of Enasidenib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Enzalutamide The serum concentration of Verapamil can be decreased when it is combined with Enzalutamide. Approved Epanolol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Epanolol. Experimental Epigallocatechin Gallate The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Epigallocatechin Gallate. Investigational Epinastine The metabolism of Epinastine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Eplerenone The serum concentration of Eplerenone can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Epoprostenol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Epoprostenol is combined with Verapamil. Approved Eprosartan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Eprosartan. Approved Ergocalciferol The metabolism of Ergocalciferol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Nutraceutical Ergoloid mesylate The metabolism of Ergoloid mesylate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Ergonovine The metabolism of Ergonovine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Ergotamine The metabolism of Ergotamine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Erlotinib The metabolism of Erlotinib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Erythromycin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Erythromycin. Approved, Vet Approved Escitalopram The metabolism of Escitalopram can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Eslicarbazepine acetate The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Eslicarbazepine acetate. Approved Esmolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Esmolol is combined with Verapamil. Approved Esomeprazole The metabolism of Esomeprazole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Estazolam The metabolism of Estazolam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Estradiol The metabolism of Estradiol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Estradiol valerate/Dienogest The metabolism of Estradiol valerate/Dienogest can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Estramustine The metabolism of Estramustine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Estriol The serum concentration of Estriol can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Estrogens, esterified The metabolism of Estrogens, esterified can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Estrone The metabolism of Estrone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Estrone sulfate The metabolism of Estrone sulfate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Eszopiclone The metabolism of Eszopiclone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Etacrynic acid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Etacrynic acid. Approved Ethanol The serum concentration of Ethanol can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Ethinyl Estradiol The metabolism of Ethinyl Estradiol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Ethosuximide The metabolism of Ethosuximide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Ethylmorphine The metabolism of Ethylmorphine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Etizolam The metabolism of Etizolam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Etonogestrel The metabolism of Etonogestrel can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Etoposide The metabolism of Etoposide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Etoricoxib The metabolism of Etoricoxib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Etravirine The metabolism of Etravirine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Everolimus The serum concentration of Everolimus can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Exemestane The metabolism of Exemestane can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Ezetimibe The serum concentration of Ezetimibe can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Faldaprevir The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Faldaprevir. Investigational Famciclovir The metabolism of Famciclovir can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Felbamate The metabolism of Felbamate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Felodipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Felodipine. Approved, Investigational Fenofibrate The metabolism of Fenofibrate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Fenoldopam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fenoldopam is combined with Verapamil. Approved Fentanyl The serum concentration of Fentanyl can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet Approved Fenticonazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fenticonazole is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Fesoterodine The serum concentration of the active metabolites of Fesoterodine can be increased when Fesoterodine is used in combination with Verapamil. Approved Fexofenadine The bioavailability of Fexofenadine can be increased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Fidaxomicin The serum concentration of Fidaxomicin can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Fimasartan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fimasartan is combined with Verapamil. Approved Finasteride The metabolism of Finasteride can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Fingolimod Verapamil may increase the bradycardic activities of Fingolimod. Approved, Investigational Flecainide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Flecainide. Approved, Withdrawn Flibanserin The serum concentration of Flibanserin can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Floxuridine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Floxuridine. Approved Fluconazole The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Fluconazole. Approved Flucytosine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Flucytosine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Flunisolide The metabolism of Flunisolide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Flunitrazepam The metabolism of Flunitrazepam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Fluorometholone The metabolism of Fluorometholone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Fluorouracil The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Fluorouracil. Approved Fluoxetine The metabolism of Fluoxetine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Flupentixol The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Flupentixol. Approved, Withdrawn Fluphenazine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Fluphenazine. Approved Flurazepam The metabolism of Flurazepam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Flutamide The metabolism of Flutamide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Fluticasone furoate The metabolism of Fluticasone furoate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Fluticasone propionate The metabolism of Fluticasone propionate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Flutrimazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Flutrimazole is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Fluvastatin The metabolism of Fluvastatin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Fluvoxamine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Fluvoxamine. Approved, Investigational Fosamprenavir The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Fosamprenavir. Approved Fosaprepitant The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Fosaprepitant. Approved Fosinopril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Fosinopril. Approved Fosphenytoin The serum concentration of Fosphenytoin can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Fulvestrant The metabolism of Fulvestrant can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Furosemide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Furosemide. Approved, Vet Approved Fusidic Acid The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Fusidic Acid. Approved Gabexate The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Gabexate. Investigational Galantamine The metabolism of Galantamine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Gefitinib The metabolism of Gefitinib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Geldanamycin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Geldanamycin. Experimental Gemcitabine The serum concentration of Gemcitabine can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Gemfibrozil The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Gemfibrozil. Approved Genistein The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Genistein. Investigational Gitoformate Verapamil may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Gitoformate. Experimental Glecaprevir The serum concentration of Glecaprevir can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Glipizide The metabolism of Glipizide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Glyburide The metabolism of Glyburide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Glycerin The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Glycerin. Approved, Investigational Glyphosate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Glyphosate is combined with Verapamil. Experimental GM6001 The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with GM6001. Experimental Gramicidin D The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Gramicidin D. Approved Granisetron The metabolism of Granisetron can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Grazoprevir The serum concentration of Grazoprevir can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Grepafloxacin The metabolism of Grepafloxacin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Withdrawn Griseofulvin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Griseofulvin is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Guacetisal Verapamil may increase the anticoagulant activities of Guacetisal. Experimental Guanfacine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Guanfacine. Approved, Investigational Hachimycin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hachimycin is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Halofantrine The serum concentration of Halofantrine can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Haloperidol The metabolism of Haloperidol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Haloprogin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Haloprogin is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Withdrawn Halothane The metabolism of Halothane can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Hemoglobin crosfumaril Verapamil may increase the anticoagulant activities of Hemoglobin crosfumaril. Experimental Hexetidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hexetidine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Hexobarbital The metabolism of Hexobarbital can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Histamine The metabolism of Histamine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Hydralazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Hydralazine. Approved Hydrochlorothiazide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Hydrochlorothiazide. Approved, Vet Approved Hydrocodone The serum concentration of Hydrocodone can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Hydrocortisone The metabolism of Hydrocortisone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Hydroflumethiazide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydroflumethiazide is combined with Verapamil. Approved Hydromorphone The metabolism of Hydromorphone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Hydroxyprogesterone caproate The metabolism of Hydroxyprogesterone caproate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Ibrutinib The serum concentration of Ibrutinib can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Ibuprofen The serum concentration of Ibuprofen can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Icotinib The metabolism of Icotinib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Idelalisib The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Idelalisib. Approved Idraparinux The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Idraparinux. Investigational Ifosfamide The serum concentration of the active metabolites of Ifosfamide can be reduced when Ifosfamide is used in combination with Verapamil resulting in a loss in efficacy. Approved Iloperidone The metabolism of Iloperidone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Iloprost The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Iloprost is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Imatinib The serum concentration of Imatinib can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Imidafenacin The metabolism of Imidafenacin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Imidapril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Imidapril. Investigational Imipramine The metabolism of Imipramine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Imiquimod The metabolism of Imiquimod can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Indacaterol The metabolism of Indacaterol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Indapamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Indapamide. Approved Indenolol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Indenolol. Withdrawn Indinavir The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Indinavir. Approved Indomethacin The serum concentration of Indomethacin can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Indoramin Indoramin may increase the hypotensive activities of Verapamil. Withdrawn Inotuzumab ozogamicin The serum concentration of Inotuzumab ozogamicin can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Ipratropium bromide The metabolism of Ipratropium bromide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Irbesartan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Irbesartan. Approved, Investigational Irinotecan The metabolism of Irinotecan can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Isavuconazonium The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Isavuconazonium. Approved, Investigational Isocarboxazid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isocarboxazid is combined with Verapamil. Approved Isoconazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoconazole is combined with Verapamil. Approved Isoflurane The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Isoflurophate The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Isoflurophate. Approved, Withdrawn Isoniazid The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Isoniazid. Approved Isosorbide Dinitrate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Isosorbide Dinitrate. Approved Isosorbide Mononitrate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Isosorbide Mononitrate. Approved Isoxsuprine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Isoxsuprine. Approved, Withdrawn Isradipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isradipine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Itraconazole The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Itraconazole. Approved, Investigational Ivabradine Verapamil may increase the bradycardic activities of Ivabradine. Approved Ivacaftor The serum concentration of Ivacaftor can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Ivermectin The metabolism of Ivermectin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Ixabepilone The metabolism of Ixabepilone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Ixazomib The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Ixazomib. Approved Josamycin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Josamycin. Approved Ketamine The metabolism of Ketamine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Ketazolam The metabolism of Ketazolam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Ketobemidone The metabolism of Ketobemidone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Ketoconazole The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Ketoconazole. Approved, Investigational Kitasamycin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Kitasamycin. Experimental Labetalol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Labetalol is combined with Verapamil. Approved Lacidipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lacidipine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Lacosamide Verapamil may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Lacosamide. Approved Lamivudine The serum concentration of Lamivudine can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Lamotrigine The serum concentration of Lamotrigine can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Lanatoside C Verapamil may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Lanatoside C. Experimental Landiolol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Landiolol. Investigational Lanreotide Verapamil may increase the bradycardic activities of Lanreotide. Approved Lansoprazole The metabolism of Lansoprazole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Lapatinib The metabolism of Lapatinib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Laquinimod The metabolism of Laquinimod can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Investigational Ledipasvir The serum concentration of Ledipasvir can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Leflunomide The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Leflunomide. Approved, Investigational Lenalidomide The serum concentration of Lenalidomide can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Lenvatinib The metabolism of Lenvatinib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Lepirudin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Lepirudin. Approved Lercanidipine The metabolism of Lercanidipine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Letaxaban The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Letaxaban. Investigational Letrozole The metabolism of Letrozole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Levetiracetam The serum concentration of Levetiracetam can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Levobunolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Levobunolol. Approved Levobupivacaine The metabolism of Levobupivacaine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Levocetirizine The metabolism of Levocetirizine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Levodopa Verapamil may increase the orthostatic hypotensive activities of Levodopa. Approved Levofloxacin The serum concentration of Levofloxacin can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Levomethadyl Acetate The metabolism of Levomethadyl Acetate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Levomilnacipran The metabolism of Levomilnacipran can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Levonorgestrel The metabolism of Levonorgestrel can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Levosimendan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Levosimendan is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Levothyroxine The metabolism of Levothyroxine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Lidocaine The metabolism of Lidocaine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Linagliptin The serum concentration of Linagliptin can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Liothyronine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be decreased when it is combined with Liothyronine. Approved, Vet Approved Liotrix The serum concentration of Verapamil can be decreased when it is combined with Liotrix. Approved Lisinopril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Lisinopril. Approved, Investigational Lisuride The metabolism of Lisuride can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Lithium Verapamil may increase the neurotoxic activities of Lithium. Approved Lobeglitazone The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Lobeglitazone. Approved Lofexidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lofexidine is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Lomitapide The serum concentration of Lomitapide can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Loperamide The metabolism of Loperamide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Lopinavir The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Lopinavir. Approved Loratadine The metabolism of Loratadine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Lorcaserin The metabolism of Lorcaserin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Losartan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Losartan. Approved Lovastatin The serum concentration of Lovastatin can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Lucinactant Verapamil may increase the bradycardic activities of Lucinactant. Approved Luliconazole The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Luliconazole. Approved Lumacaftor The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Lumacaftor. Approved Lumefantrine The metabolism of Lumefantrine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Lurasidone The serum concentration of Lurasidone can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Macitentan The metabolism of Macitentan can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Magnesium Hydroxide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Magnesium Hydroxide. Approved Magnesium oxide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Magnesium oxide. Approved Magnesium salicylate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Magnesium salicylate. Approved Magnesium Sulfate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Magnesium Sulfate. Approved, Vet Approved Manidipine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Manidipine. Approved Mannitol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Mannitol. Approved, Investigational Maprotiline The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Maprotiline. Approved Maraviroc The metabolism of Maraviroc can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Mebendazole The metabolism of Mebendazole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Mecamylamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mecamylamine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Medroxyprogesterone acetate The metabolism of Medroxyprogesterone acetate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Mefloquine The metabolism of Mefloquine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Megestrol acetate The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Megestrol acetate. Approved, Vet Approved Melagatran The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Melagatran. Experimental Meloxicam The metabolism of Meloxicam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Mepartricin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mepartricin is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Mepindolol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Mepindolol. Experimental Meprobamate The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Meprobamate. Approved, Illicit Mesalazine Verapamil may increase the anticoagulant activities of Mesalazine. Approved Metformin The therapeutic efficacy of Metformin can be decreased when used in combination with Verapamil. Approved Methadone The metabolism of Methadone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Methaqualone The metabolism of Methaqualone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Illicit, Withdrawn Methazolamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Methazolamide. Approved Methohexital Methohexital may increase the hypotensive activities of Verapamil. Approved Methotrexate The serum concentration of Methotrexate can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Methoxsalen The metabolism of Methoxsalen can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Methoxyflurane The metabolism of Methoxyflurane can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Methyclothiazide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methyclothiazide is combined with Verapamil. Approved Methyl salicylate The metabolism of Methyl salicylate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Methyldopa The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Methyldopa. Approved Methylphenobarbital Methylphenobarbital may increase the hypotensive activities of Verapamil. Approved Methylprednisolone The metabolism of Methylprednisolone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Methyltestosterone The metabolism of Methyltestosterone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Metildigoxin Verapamil may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Metildigoxin. Experimental Metipranolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Metipranolol. Approved Metolazone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metolazone is combined with Verapamil. Approved Metoprolol The serum concentration of Metoprolol can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Metronidazole The metabolism of Metronidazole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Mevastatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mevastatin is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Mexiletine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Mexiletine. Approved Mianserin The metabolism of Mianserin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Mibefradil The metabolism of Mibefradil can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Withdrawn Micafungin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Micafungin is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Miconazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Miconazole is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Midazolam The metabolism of Midazolam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Midodrine Verapamil may increase the bradycardic activities of Midodrine. Approved Midostaurin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Midostaurin. Approved Mifepristone The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Mifepristone. Approved, Investigational Miltefosine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Miltefosine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Minoxidil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Minoxidil is combined with Verapamil. Approved Mirabegron The metabolism of Mirabegron can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Mirtazapine The metabolism of Mirtazapine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Mitomycin The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Mitomycin. Approved Mitotane The serum concentration of Verapamil can be decreased when it is combined with Mitotane. Approved Mitoxantrone The serum concentration of Mitoxantrone can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Mivacurium Verapamil may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Mivacurium. Approved Moclobemide The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Moclobemide. Approved Modafinil The metabolism of Modafinil can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Moexipril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Moexipril. Approved Monensin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Monensin is combined with Verapamil. Vet Approved Montelukast The metabolism of Montelukast can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Morphine The metabolism of Morphine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Moxonidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Moxonidine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Mycophenolate mofetil The metabolism of Mycophenolate mofetil can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Myxothiazol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Myxothiazol is combined with Verapamil. Experimental N-(3-Propylcarbamoyloxirane-2-Carbonyl)-Isoleucyl-Proline The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with N-(3-Propylcarbamoyloxirane-2-Carbonyl)-Isoleucyl-Proline. Experimental Nabilone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nabilone is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Nadolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Nadolol. Approved Nafamostat The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Nafamostat. Approved, Investigational Nafcillin The metabolism of Verapamil can be increased when combined with Nafcillin. Approved Naftifine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Naftifine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Naloxone The metabolism of Naloxone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Naltrexone The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Naltrexone. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Naringenin The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Naringenin. Experimental Natamycin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Natamycin is combined with Verapamil. Approved Nateglinide The metabolism of Nateglinide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Nebivolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Nebivolol. Approved, Investigational Nefazodone The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Nefazodone. Approved, Withdrawn Nelfinavir The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Nelfinavir. Approved Neostigmine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Neostigmine. Approved, Vet Approved Neratinib The metabolism of Neratinib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Nesiritide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Nesiritide. Approved, Investigational Netupitant The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Netupitant. Approved Nevirapine The metabolism of Verapamil can be increased when combined with Nevirapine. Approved Nicardipine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Nicardipine. Approved Nicorandil Nicorandil may increase the hypotensive activities of Verapamil. Approved Nicotine The metabolism of Nicotine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Nifedipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Nifedipine. Approved Nifuratel The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nifuratel is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Nikkomycin Z The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nikkomycin Z is combined with Verapamil. Investigational Nilotinib The metabolism of Nilotinib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Nilvadipine The metabolism of Nilvadipine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Nimodipine The serum concentration of Nimodipine can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Nintedanib The serum concentration of Nintedanib can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Nisoldipine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nisoldipine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Nitrazepam The metabolism of Nitrazepam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Nitrendipine The metabolism of Nitrendipine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Nitric Oxide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nitric Oxide is combined with Verapamil. Approved Nitroaspirin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Nitroaspirin. Investigational Nitroglycerin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Nitroglycerin. Approved, Investigational Nitroprusside Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Nitroprusside. Approved Nitroxoline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nitroxoline is combined with Verapamil. Approved Nizatidine The serum concentration of Nizatidine can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Norethisterone The metabolism of Norethisterone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Norgestrel The metabolism of Norgestrel can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Nortriptyline The metabolism of Nortriptyline can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Nystatin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nystatin is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Obinutuzumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Obinutuzumab is combined with Verapamil. Approved Octreotide Octreotide may increase the bradycardic activities of Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Odanacatib The metabolism of Odanacatib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Investigational Olanzapine The serum concentration of Olanzapine can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Olaparib The serum concentration of Olaparib can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Oleandomycin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Oleandomycin. Vet Approved Oleandrin Verapamil may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Oleandrin. Experimental Olmesartan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Olmesartan is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Olopatadine The metabolism of Olopatadine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Olsalazine Verapamil may increase the anticoagulant activities of Olsalazine. Approved Omapatrilat The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Omapatrilat. Investigational Ombitasvir The serum concentration of Ombitasvir can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Omeprazole The metabolism of Omeprazole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Omoconazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Omoconazole is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Ondansetron The metabolism of Ondansetron can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Orphenadrine The metabolism of Orphenadrine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Osimertinib The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Osimertinib. Approved Ospemifene The metabolism of Ospemifene can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Otamixaban The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Otamixaban. Investigational Ouabain Verapamil may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Ouabain. Approved Oxazepam The metabolism of Oxazepam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Oxiconazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxiconazole is combined with Verapamil. Approved Oxprenolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxprenolol is combined with Verapamil. Approved Oxybutynin The metabolism of Oxybutynin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Oxycodone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Oxycodone. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Oxymorphone The metabolism of Oxymorphone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved P-Nitrophenol The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with P-Nitrophenol. Experimental Paclitaxel The metabolism of Paclitaxel can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved pafuramidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when pafuramidine is combined with Verapamil. Investigational Palbociclib The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Palbociclib. Approved Palmitic Acid The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Palmitic Acid. Experimental Palonosetron The metabolism of Palonosetron can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Panobinostat The metabolism of Panobinostat can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Pantoprazole The metabolism of Pantoprazole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Papaverine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Papaverine. Approved Paramethadione The metabolism of Paramethadione can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Paramethasone The metabolism of Paramethasone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Parecoxib The metabolism of Parecoxib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Paricalcitol The metabolism of Paricalcitol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Paritaprevir The metabolism of Paritaprevir can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Paroxetine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Paroxetine. Approved, Investigational Pasireotide Verapamil may increase the bradycardic activities of Pasireotide. Approved Pazopanib The serum concentration of Pazopanib can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Peginterferon alfa-2b The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Peginterferon alfa-2b. Approved Penbutolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Penbutolol. Approved, Investigational Pentamidine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentamidine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Pentobarbital The metabolism of Verapamil can be increased when combined with Pentobarbital. Approved, Vet Approved Perampanel The metabolism of Perampanel can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Pergolide The metabolism of Pergolide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved, Withdrawn Perhexiline The metabolism of Perhexiline can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Perindopril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Perindopril. Approved Permethrin The metabolism of Permethrin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Perospirone The metabolism of Perospirone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Perphenazine The metabolism of Perphenazine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Peruvoside Verapamil may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Peruvoside. Experimental Pethidine The metabolism of Pethidine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Phenacetin The metabolism of Phenacetin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Withdrawn Phenelzine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phenelzine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Phenobarbital The metabolism of Verapamil can be increased when combined with Phenobarbital. Approved Phenoxybenzamine The metabolism of Phenoxybenzamine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Phenprocoumon The metabolism of Phenprocoumon can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Phentolamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phentolamine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Phenytoin The serum concentration of Phenytoin can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Phosphoramidon The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Phosphoramidon. Experimental Pibrentasvir The serum concentration of Pibrentasvir can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Pilocarpine The metabolism of Pilocarpine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Pimecrolimus The metabolism of Pimecrolimus can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Pimozide The serum concentration of Pimozide can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Pinacidil The metabolism of Pinacidil can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Withdrawn Pindolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Pindolol. Approved Pioglitazone The metabolism of Pioglitazone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Pipamperone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pipamperone is combined with Verapamil. Approved Pipotiazine The metabolism of Pipotiazine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Pitavastatin The serum concentration of Pitavastatin can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Platelet Activating Factor The serum concentration of Verapamil can be decreased when it is combined with Platelet Activating Factor. Experimental Podofilox The metabolism of Podofilox can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Pomalidomide The metabolism of Pomalidomide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Ponatinib The metabolism of Ponatinib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Poractant alfa Verapamil may increase the bradycardic activities of Poractant alfa. Approved Posaconazole The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Posaconazole. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Practolol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Practolol. Approved Pramipexole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pramipexole is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Prasterone The metabolism of Prasterone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Nutraceutical Prasugrel The metabolism of Prasugrel can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Pravastatin The metabolism of Pravastatin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Prazepam The metabolism of Prazepam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit Praziquantel The metabolism of Praziquantel can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Prazosin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prazosin is combined with Verapamil. Approved Prednisolone The metabolism of Prednisolone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Prednisone The metabolism of Prednisone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Primaquine The metabolism of Primaquine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Primidone The metabolism of Verapamil can be increased when combined with Primidone. Approved, Vet Approved Prinomastat The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Prinomastat. Investigational Probenecid The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Probenecid. Approved Prochlorperazine The metabolism of Prochlorperazine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Progesterone The metabolism of Progesterone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Proguanil The metabolism of Proguanil can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Promazine The metabolism of Promazine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Promethazine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Promethazine. Approved Propafenone The serum concentration of Propafenone can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Propofol The metabolism of Propofol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Propoxyphene napsylate The metabolism of Propoxyphene napsylate can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Propranolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Propranolol is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Proscillaridin Verapamil may increase the atrioventricular blocking (AV block) activities of Proscillaridin. Experimental Protriptyline The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Protriptyline. Approved Prucalopride The serum concentration of Prucalopride can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Pyrazinamide The metabolism of Pyrazinamide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Pyrimethamine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Pyrimethamine. Approved, Vet Approved Pyrrolnitrin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pyrrolnitrin is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Quazepam The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Quazepam. Approved, Illicit Quercetin The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Quercetin. Experimental Quetiapine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Quetiapine. Approved Quinacrine The metabolism of Quinacrine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Quinapril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Quinapril. Approved, Investigational Quinidine Quinidine may increase the hypotensive activities of Verapamil. Approved Quinine The metabolism of Quinine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Rabeprazole The metabolism of Rabeprazole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Racecadotril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Racecadotril. Investigational Radicicol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Radicicol is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Raloxifene The metabolism of Raloxifene can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Ramelteon The metabolism of Ramelteon can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Ramipril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Ramipril. Approved Ranitidine The serum concentration of Ranitidine can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Ranolazine The serum concentration of Ranolazine can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Rapacuronium Verapamil may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Rapacuronium. Withdrawn Rasagiline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rasagiline is combined with Verapamil. Approved Reboxetine The metabolism of Reboxetine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Regorafenib Regorafenib may increase the bradycardic activities of Verapamil. Approved Remifentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Remifentanil is combined with Verapamil. Approved Remikiren The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Remikiren. Approved Repaglinide The metabolism of Repaglinide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Reserpine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Reserpine is combined with Verapamil. Approved Retapamulin The metabolism of Retapamulin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Rifabutin The metabolism of Verapamil can be increased when combined with Rifabutin. Approved Rifampicin The metabolism of Verapamil can be increased when combined with Rifampicin. Approved Rifapentine The metabolism of Verapamil can be increased when combined with Rifapentine. Approved Rifaximin The serum concentration of Rifaximin can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Rilpivirine The metabolism of Rilpivirine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Rimonabant The metabolism of Rimonabant can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Riociguat The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Riociguat. Approved Risperidone The serum concentration of Risperidone can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Ritonavir The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Ritonavir. Approved, Investigational Rivaroxaban The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Rivaroxaban. Approved Rivastigmine Verapamil may increase the bradycardic activities of Rivastigmine. Approved, Investigational Rofecoxib The metabolism of Rofecoxib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Investigational, Withdrawn Rolapitant The metabolism of Rolapitant can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Romidepsin The metabolism of Romidepsin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Ropinirole The metabolism of Ropinirole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Ropivacaine The metabolism of Ropivacaine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Rosiglitazone The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Rosiglitazone. Approved, Investigational Rosuvastatin The metabolism of Rosuvastatin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Rotigotine The metabolism of Rotigotine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Roxithromycin The metabolism of Roxithromycin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Withdrawn Rucaparib The metabolism of Rucaparib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Rupatadine The metabolism of Rupatadine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Ruxolitinib Ruxolitinib may increase the bradycardic activities of Verapamil. Approved S-3304 The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with S-3304. Investigational Sacubitril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sacubitril is combined with Verapamil. Approved Safinamide The metabolism of Safinamide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Salicylhydroxamic Acid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Salicylhydroxamic Acid is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Salicylic acid The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Salicylic acid is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Salmeterol The serum concentration of Salmeterol can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Saquinavir The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Saquinavir. Approved, Investigational Saxagliptin The serum concentration of Saxagliptin can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Scopolamine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Scopolamine. Approved Secobarbital The metabolism of Verapamil can be increased when combined with Secobarbital. Approved, Vet Approved Selegiline The metabolism of Selegiline can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Selexipag The metabolism of Selexipag can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Seratrodast The metabolism of Seratrodast can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Sertaconazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sertaconazole is combined with Verapamil. Approved Sertindole The metabolism of Sertindole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Withdrawn Sertraline The metabolism of Sertraline can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Sevoflurane The metabolism of Sevoflurane can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Sibutramine The metabolism of Sibutramine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Withdrawn Sildenafil The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Sildenafil. Approved, Investigational Silodosin The serum concentration of Silodosin can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Siltuximab The serum concentration of Verapamil can be decreased when it is combined with Siltuximab. Approved Simvastatin The serum concentration of Simvastatin can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Sinefungin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sinefungin is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Sirolimus The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sirolimus is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Sitagliptin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Sitagliptin. Approved, Investigational Sivelestat The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Sivelestat. Investigational Sodium Nitrite The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sodium Nitrite is combined with Verapamil. Approved Sofosbuvir The serum concentration of Sofosbuvir can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Solifenacin The metabolism of Solifenacin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Solithromycin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Solithromycin. Investigational Sonidegib The serum concentration of Sonidegib can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Sorafenib The metabolism of Sorafenib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Sotalol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sotalol is combined with Verapamil. Approved Sparfloxacin The serum concentration of Sparfloxacin can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Sphingosine The serum concentration of Sphingosine can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Spiramycin The metabolism of Spiramycin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Spirapril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Spirapril. Approved Spironolactone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Spironolactone is combined with Verapamil. Approved St. John's Wort The serum concentration of Verapamil can be decreased when it is combined with St. John's Wort. Nutraceutical Staurosporine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Staurosporine. Experimental Stiripentol The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Stiripentol. Approved Streptokinase The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Streptokinase is combined with Verapamil. Approved Streptozocin The serum concentration of Verapamil can be decreased when it is combined with Streptozocin. Approved Sufentanil The metabolism of Sufentanil can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Sulconazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sulconazole is combined with Verapamil. Approved Sulfadiazine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Sulfadiazine. Approved, Vet Approved Sulfamethoxazole The metabolism of Sulfamethoxazole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Sulfinpyrazone The metabolism of Sulfinpyrazone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Sulfisoxazole The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Sulfisoxazole. Approved, Vet Approved Sumatriptan The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Sumatriptan. Approved, Investigational Sunitinib The metabolism of Sunitinib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Suvorexant The serum concentration of Suvorexant can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, A The metabolism of Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, A can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, B The metabolism of Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens, B can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Tacrine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Tacrine. Withdrawn Tadalafil The metabolism of Tadalafil can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Talinolol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Talinolol. Investigational Tamoxifen The metabolism of Tamoxifen can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Tamsulosin The metabolism of Tamsulosin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Tasosartan The metabolism of Tasosartan can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Taurochenodeoxycholic acid The metabolism of Taurochenodeoxycholic acid can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Experimental Taurocholic Acid The serum concentration of Taurocholic Acid can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Tavaborole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tavaborole is combined with Verapamil. Approved Technetium Tc-99m sestamibi The serum concentration of Technetium Tc-99m sestamibi can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Telaprevir The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Telaprevir. Withdrawn Telithromycin Telithromycin may increase the bradycardic activities of Verapamil. Approved Telmisartan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Telmisartan. Approved, Investigational Temazepam The metabolism of Temazepam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Temocapril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Temocapril. Experimental, Investigational Temsirolimus The metabolism of Temsirolimus can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Teniposide The metabolism of Teniposide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Tenofovir disoproxil The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Tenofovir disoproxil. Approved, Investigational Terazosin The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Terazosin. Approved Terbinafine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Terbinafine is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Terconazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Terconazole is combined with Verapamil. Approved Terfenadine The metabolism of Terfenadine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Withdrawn Teriflunomide The serum concentration of Verapamil can be decreased when it is combined with Teriflunomide. Approved Tertatolol Verapamil may increase the hypotensive activities of Tertatolol. Experimental Tesmilifene The metabolism of Tesmilifene can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Investigational Testosterone The metabolism of Testosterone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Tetracycline The metabolism of Tetracycline can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Thalidomide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Thalidomide is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Theophylline The metabolism of Theophylline can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Thiamylal Thiamylal may increase the hypotensive activities of Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Thiopental Thiopental may increase the hypotensive activities of Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Thioridazine The serum concentration of Thioridazine can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Withdrawn Thiorphan The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Thiorphan. Experimental Thiotepa The metabolism of Thiotepa can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Thymol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Thymol is combined with Verapamil. Approved Tiagabine The metabolism of Tiagabine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Ticagrelor The metabolism of Ticagrelor can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Ticlopidine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Ticlopidine. Approved Timolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Timolol is combined with Verapamil. Approved Tinidazole The metabolism of Tinidazole can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Tioconazole The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tioconazole is combined with Verapamil. Approved Tiotropium The metabolism of Tiotropium can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Tipranavir The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Tipranavir. Approved, Investigational Tizanidine The serum concentration of Tizanidine can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Tocilizumab The serum concentration of Verapamil can be decreased when it is combined with Tocilizumab. Approved Tofacitinib Tofacitinib may increase the bradycardic activities of Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Tolazoline The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tolazoline is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Tolbutamide The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Tolbutamide. Approved Tolcapone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tolcapone is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Withdrawn Tolciclate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tolciclate is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Tolnaftate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tolnaftate is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Tolterodine The metabolism of Tolterodine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Tolvaptan The serum concentration of Tolvaptan can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Topiramate The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Topiramate. Approved Topiroxostat The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Topiroxostat. Approved Torasemide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Torasemide is combined with Verapamil. Approved Toremifene The metabolism of Toremifene can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Trabectedin The serum concentration of Trabectedin can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Tramadol The metabolism of Tramadol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Trandolapril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Trandolapril. Approved Tranylcypromine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Tranylcypromine. Approved Trastuzumab emtansine The metabolism of Trastuzumab emtansine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Trazodone The metabolism of Trazodone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Tretinoin The metabolism of Tretinoin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical Triamcinolone The metabolism of Triamcinolone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Triamterene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Triamterene is combined with Verapamil. Approved Triazolam The metabolism of Triazolam can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Trifluoperazine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Trifluoperazine. Approved Triflupromazine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Triflupromazine. Approved, Vet Approved Trimazosin Trimazosin may increase the hypotensive activities of Verapamil. Experimental Trimethadione The metabolism of Trimethadione can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Trimethoprim The metabolism of Trimethoprim can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Trimetrexate The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trimetrexate is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Trimipramine The metabolism of Trimipramine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Troglitazone The metabolism of Troglitazone can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Withdrawn Troleandomycin The metabolism of Troleandomycin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Tylosin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Tylosin. Vet Approved Ubenimex The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Ubenimex. Experimental Ubidecarenone The serum concentration of Ubidecarenone can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Experimental Udenafil The metabolism of Udenafil can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Ulinastatin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Ulinastatin. Investigational Ulipristal The serum concentration of Ulipristal can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Umeclidinium The serum concentration of Umeclidinium can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Urapidil Urapidil may increase the hypotensive activities of Verapamil. Investigational Valbenazine The metabolism of Valbenazine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Valdecoxib The metabolism of Valdecoxib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Investigational, Withdrawn Valproic Acid The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Valproic Acid. Approved, Investigational Valsartan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Valsartan is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Vandetanib The metabolism of Vandetanib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Vanoxerine The metabolism of Vanoxerine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Investigational Vardenafil The metabolism of Vardenafil can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Vecuronium The serum concentration of Vecuronium can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Velpatasvir The metabolism of Velpatasvir can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Vemurafenib The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Vemurafenib. Approved Venetoclax The metabolism of Venetoclax can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Venlafaxine The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Venlafaxine. Approved Vicriviroc The metabolism of Vicriviroc can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Investigational Vilanterol The metabolism of Vilanterol can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Vilazodone The serum concentration of Vilazodone can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Vildagliptin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Vildagliptin. Approved, Investigational Vinblastine The metabolism of Vinblastine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Vincristine The serum concentration of Vincristine can be decreased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Vincristine The metabolism of Vincristine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Vindesine The serum concentration of Vindesine can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Vinorelbine The metabolism of Vinorelbine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Vismodegib The metabolism of Vismodegib can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Voriconazole The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Voriconazole. Approved, Investigational Vortioxetine The metabolism of Vortioxetine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Voxilaprevir The metabolism of Voxilaprevir can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Warfarin The metabolism of Warfarin can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Ximelagatran The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Ximelagatran. Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Yohimbine The metabolism of Yohimbine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Vet Approved Z-Val-Ala-Asp fluoromethyl ketone The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Z-Val-Ala-Asp fluoromethyl ketone. Experimental Zafirlukast The metabolism of Zafirlukast can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Zalcitabine The metabolism of Zalcitabine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Zaleplon The metabolism of Zaleplon can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Zidovudine The metabolism of Zidovudine can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Zileuton The metabolism of Zileuton can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Zimelidine The serum concentration of Verapamil can be increased when it is combined with Zimelidine. Withdrawn Ziprasidone The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Ziprasidone. Approved Zofenopril The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Zofenopril. Experimental Zolpidem The metabolism of Zolpidem can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved Zomepirac The metabolism of Zomepirac can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Withdrawn Zonisamide The metabolism of Zonisamide can be decreased when combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational Zopiclone The serum concentration of Zopiclone can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved Zucapsaicin The metabolism of Verapamil can be decreased when combined with Zucapsaicin. Approved Zuclopenthixol The serum concentration of Zuclopenthixol can be increased when it is combined with Verapamil. Approved, Investigational - Food Interactions
- Avoid alcohol.
- Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine).
- Avoid natural licorice.
- Avoid taking with grapefruit juice.
- Take with food.
References
- Synthesis Reference
Philippe Baudier, Arthur De Boeck, Jacques Fossion, "Novel galenic forms of verapamil, their preparation and medicines containing said novel galenic forms." U.S. Patent US4859469, issued April, 1987.
US4859469- General References
- Bellamy WT: P-glycoproteins and multidrug resistance. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1996;36:161-83. [PubMed:8725386]
- External Links
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- Verapamil
- ATC Codes
- C08DA51 — Verapamil, combinations
- C08DA — Phenylalkylamine derivatives
- C08D — SELECTIVE CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS WITH DIRECT CARDIAC EFFECTS
- C08 — CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
- C — CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- C09BB — ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers
- C09B — ACE INHIBITORS, COMBINATIONS
- C09 — AGENTS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM
- C — CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- AHFS Codes
- 24:32.04 — Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors
- 24:28.92 — Miscellaneous Calcium-channel Blocking Agents
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- Download (73.5 KB)
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- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Tablet Oral 80 mg Tablet, extended release Oral 180 mg/1 Tablet, extended release Oral 180 mg Tablet, extended release Oral 240 mg/1 Tablet Oral 120 mg Tablet, extended release Oral 240 mg Tablet, extended release Oral 120 mg Tablet, extended release Oral Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral Capsule, extended release Oral 120 mg/1 Capsule, extended release Oral 180 mg/1 Capsule, extended release Oral 240 mg/1 Injection Intravenous 2.5 mg/mL Injection, solution Intravenous 2.5 mg/mL Tablet Oral 120 mg/1 Tablet Oral 240 mg/1 Tablet Oral 40 mg/1 Tablet Oral 80 mg/1 Tablet, extended release Oral 120 mg/1 Tablet, extended release Oral 240 mg/301 Tablet, film coated Oral 120 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 40 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 80 mg/1 Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral 120 mg/1 Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral 180 mg/1 Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral 240 mg/1 Liquid Intravenous 2.5 mg Solution Intravenous 2.5 mg Capsule, delayed release pellets Oral 120 mg/1 Capsule, delayed release pellets Oral 180 mg/1 Capsule, delayed release pellets Oral 240 mg/1 Capsule, delayed release pellets Oral 360 mg/1 Capsule, extended release Oral 120 mg Capsule, extended release Oral 180 mg Capsule, extended release Oral 240 mg Capsule, extended release Oral 100 mg/1 Capsule, extended release Oral 200 mg/1 Capsule, extended release Oral 300 mg/1 - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Verelan 360 mg 24 Hour Capsule 6.82USD capsule Verelan 360 mg cap pellet 6.73USD pellet Verelan pm 300 mg cap pellet 5.87USD pellet Verelan 240 mg 24 Hour Capsule 4.76USD capsule Verelan 240 mg cap pellet 4.58USD pellet Verelan 180 mg 24 Hour Capsule 4.22USD capsule Verelan 180 mg cap pellet 4.06USD pellet Verelan pm 200 mg cap pellet 4.04USD pellet Verelan 120 mg cap pellet 3.87USD pellet Verapamil HCl CR 300 mg 24 Hour Capsule 3.82USD capsule Isoptin sr 240 mg tablet 3.32USD tablet Verapamil hcl powder 3.24USD g Calan SR 240 mg Controlled Release Tabs 3.15USD tab Isoptin SR 240 mg Controlled Release Tabs 3.14USD tab Verelan pm 100 mg cap pellet 3.13USD pellet Calan sr 240 mg caplet 3.09USD caplet Covera-HS 240 mg 24 Hour tablet 3.09USD tablet Covera-hs 240 mg tablet sa 2.97USD tablet Isoptin sr 180 mg tablet 2.9USD tablet Calan SR 180 mg Controlled Release Tabs 2.8USD tab Isoptin SR 180 mg Controlled Release Tabs 2.74USD tab Calan sr 180 mg caplet 2.7USD caplet Verapamil HCl CR 200 mg 24 Hour Capsule 2.62USD capsule Isoptin sr 120 mg tablet 2.29USD tablet Calan SR 120 mg Controlled Release Tabs 2.27USD tab Covera-HS 180 mg 24 Hour tablet 2.2USD tablet Isoptin SR 120 mg Controlled Release Tabs 2.16USD tab Calan sr 120 mg caplet 2.13USD caplet Covera-hs 180 mg tablet sa 2.11USD tablet Verapamil HCl CR 360 mg 24 Hour Capsule 2.1USD capsule Verapamil HCl CR 100 mg 24 Hour Capsule 2.04USD capsule Isoptin Sr 240 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 2.03USD tablet Calan sr 240 mg caplet sa 1.77USD caplet Verapamil HCl CR 240 mg 24 Hour Capsule 1.69USD capsule Verapamil HCl CR 240 mg Controlled Release Tabs 1.6USD tab Calan 120 mg tablet 1.56USD tablet Isoptin Sr 180 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 1.52USD tablet Verapamil HCl CR 180 mg 24 Hour Capsule 1.5USD capsule Calan sr 180 mg caplet sa 1.46USD caplet Verapamil HCl CR 120 mg 24 Hour Capsule 1.43USD capsule Verapamil HCl CR 180 mg Controlled Release Tabs 1.41USD tab Isoptin Sr 120 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 1.34USD tablet Calan 80 mg tablet 1.25USD tablet Verapamil 2.5 mg/ml vial 1.18USD ml Verapamil HCl CR 120 mg Controlled Release Tabs 1.12USD tab Apo-Verap Sr 240 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.91USD tablet Mylan-Verapamil Sr 240 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.91USD tablet Novo-Veramil Sr 240 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.91USD tablet Pms-Verapamil Sr 240 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.91USD tablet Calan 40 mg tablet 0.76USD tablet Apo-Verap Sr 120 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.72USD tablet Mylan-Verapamil Sr 120 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.72USD tablet Verapamil HCl 120 mg tablet 0.71USD tablet Apo-Verap Sr 180 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.69USD tablet Mylan-Verapamil Sr 180 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 0.69USD tablet Verapamil HCl 80 mg tablet 0.56USD tablet Apo-Verap 120 mg Tablet 0.45USD tablet Mylan-Verapamil 120 mg Tablet 0.45USD tablet Nu-Verap 120 mg Tablet 0.45USD tablet Verapamil 120 mg tablet 0.39USD tablet Verapamil 80 mg tablet 0.31USD tablet Verapamil HCl 40 mg tablet 0.29USD tablet Apo-Verap 80 mg Tablet 0.29USD tablet Mylan-Verapamil 80 mg Tablet 0.29USD tablet Nu-Verap 80 mg Tablet 0.29USD tablet Verapamil 40 mg tablet 0.28USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) US5785994 No 1992-10-22 2009-10-22 US US6096339 No 1997-04-04 2017-04-04 US
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) < 25 °C PhysProp boiling point (°C) 243-246 °C at 1.00E-02 mm Hg PhysProp water solubility 4.47 mg/L Not Available logP 3.79 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) Caco2 permeability -4.58 ADME Research, USCD pKa 8.92 SANGSTER (1994) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.00394 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 5.23 ALOGPS logP 5.04 ChemAxon logS -5.1 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Basic) 9.68 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 1 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 6 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 63.95 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 13 ChemAxon Refractivity 132.65 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 51.7 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 2 ChemAxon Bioavailability 0 ChemAxon Rule of Five No ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9371 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.6323 Caco-2 permeable + 0.738 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.7874 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.9056 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Inhibitor 0.855 Renal organic cation transporter Inhibitor 0.6259 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8029 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8706 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.7657 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9553 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9071 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9231 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9026 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.796 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9181 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8393 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.6463 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 1.0 Rat acute toxicity 3.4137 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.7687 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Inhibitor 0.8188
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Taxonomy
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylbutylamines. These are compounds containing a phenylbutylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted at the fourth carbon by an butan-1-amine.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Phenylbutylamines
- Direct Parent
- Phenylbutylamines
- Alternative Parents
- Dimethoxybenzenes / Phenylpropanes / Phenethylamines / Phenoxy compounds / Anisoles / Aralkylamines / Alkyl aryl ethers / Trialkylamines / Nitriles / Organopnictogen compounds show 1 more
- Substituents
- Phenylbutylamine / Dimethoxybenzene / O-dimethoxybenzene / Phenethylamine / Phenylpropane / Anisole / Phenol ether / Phenoxy compound / Methoxybenzene / Alkyl aryl ether show 14 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- tertiary amino compound, aromatic ether, nitrile, polyether (CHEBI:77733)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hor...
- Gene Name
- CACNA1C
- Uniprot ID
- Q13936
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C
- Molecular Weight
- 248974.1 Da
References
- Dilmac N, Hilliard N, Hockerman GH: Molecular determinants of frequency dependence and Ca2+ potentiation of verapamil block in the pore region of Cav1.2. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Nov;66(5):1236-47. Epub 2004 Jul 30. [PubMed:15286207]
- Morel N, Buryi V, Feron O, Gomez JP, Christen MO, Godfraind T: The action of calcium channel blockers on recombinant L-type calcium channel alpha1-subunits. Br J Pharmacol. 1998 Nov;125(5):1005-12. [PubMed:9846638]
- Patel MK, Clunn GF, Lymn JS, Austin O, Hughes AD: Effect of serum withdrawal on the contribution of L-type calcium channels (CaV1.2) to intracellular Ca2+ responses and chemotaxis in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2005 Jul;145(6):811-7. [PubMed:15880143]
- Tfelt-Hansen P, Tfelt-Hansen J: Verapamil for cluster headache. Clinical pharmacology and possible mode of action. Headache. 2009 Jan;49(1):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01298.x. [PubMed:19125880]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved sa node cell action potential
- Specific Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hor...
- Gene Name
- CACNA1D
- Uniprot ID
- Q01668
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D
- Molecular Weight
- 245138.75 Da
References
- Tfelt-Hansen P, Tfelt-Hansen J: Verapamil for cluster headache. Clinical pharmacology and possible mode of action. Headache. 2009 Jan;49(1):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01298.x. [PubMed:19125880]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hor...
- Gene Name
- CACNA1F
- Uniprot ID
- O60840
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F
- Molecular Weight
- 220675.9 Da
References
- Tfelt-Hansen P, Tfelt-Hansen J: Verapamil for cluster headache. Clinical pharmacology and possible mode of action. Headache. 2009 Jan;49(1):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01298.x. [PubMed:19125880]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hor...
- Gene Name
- CACNA1S
- Uniprot ID
- Q13698
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S
- Molecular Weight
- 212348.1 Da
References
- Tfelt-Hansen P, Tfelt-Hansen J: Verapamil for cluster headache. Clinical pharmacology and possible mode of action. Headache. 2009 Jan;49(1):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01298.x. [PubMed:19125880]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- The beta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels contributes to the function of the calcium channel by increasing peak calcium current, shifting the voltage dependencies of activation and ina...
- Gene Name
- CACNB1
- Uniprot ID
- Q02641
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1
- Molecular Weight
- 65712.995 Da
References
- Tfelt-Hansen P, Tfelt-Hansen J: Verapamil for cluster headache. Clinical pharmacology and possible mode of action. Headache. 2009 Jan;49(1):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01298.x. [PubMed:19125880]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- The beta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels contributes to the function of the calcium channel by increasing peak calcium current, shifting the voltage dependencies of activation and ina...
- Gene Name
- CACNB2
- Uniprot ID
- Q08289
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2
- Molecular Weight
- 73579.925 Da
References
- Tfelt-Hansen P, Tfelt-Hansen J: Verapamil for cluster headache. Clinical pharmacology and possible mode of action. Headache. 2009 Jan;49(1):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01298.x. [PubMed:19125880]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- The beta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels contributes to the function of the calcium channel by increasing peak calcium current, shifting the voltage dependencies of activation and ina...
- Gene Name
- CACNB3
- Uniprot ID
- P54284
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3
- Molecular Weight
- 54531.425 Da
References
- Tfelt-Hansen P, Tfelt-Hansen J: Verapamil for cluster headache. Clinical pharmacology and possible mode of action. Headache. 2009 Jan;49(1):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01298.x. [PubMed:19125880]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- The beta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels contributes to the function of the calcium channel by increasing peak calcium current, shifting the voltage dependencies of activation and ina...
- Gene Name
- CACNB4
- Uniprot ID
- O00305
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4
- Molecular Weight
- 58168.625 Da
References
- Tfelt-Hansen P, Tfelt-Hansen J: Verapamil for cluster headache. Clinical pharmacology and possible mode of action. Headache. 2009 Jan;49(1):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01298.x. [PubMed:19125880]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hor...
- Gene Name
- CACNA1I
- Uniprot ID
- Q9P0X4
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I
- Molecular Weight
- 245100.8 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Scaffold protein binding
- Specific Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hor...
- Gene Name
- CACNA1G
- Uniprot ID
- O43497
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G
- Molecular Weight
- 262468.62 Da
References
- Tfelt-Hansen P, Tfelt-Hansen J: Verapamil for cluster headache. Clinical pharmacology and possible mode of action. Headache. 2009 Jan;49(1):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01298.x. [PubMed:19125880]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]
- Freeze BS, McNulty MM, Hanck DA: State-dependent verapamil block of the cloned human Ca(v)3.1 T-type Ca(2+) channel. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Aug;70(2):718-26. Epub 2006 May 12. [PubMed:16699084]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hor...
- Gene Name
- CACNA1B
- Uniprot ID
- Q00975
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B
- Molecular Weight
- 262493.84 Da
References
- Tfelt-Hansen P, Tfelt-Hansen J: Verapamil for cluster headache. Clinical pharmacology and possible mode of action. Headache. 2009 Jan;49(1):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01298.x. [PubMed:19125880]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hor...
- Gene Name
- CACNA1A
- Uniprot ID
- O00555
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A
- Molecular Weight
- 282362.39 Da
References
- Tfelt-Hansen P, Tfelt-Hansen J: Verapamil for cluster headache. Clinical pharmacology and possible mode of action. Headache. 2009 Jan;49(1):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01298.x. [PubMed:19125880]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
- Specific Function
- Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the ...
- Gene Name
- KCNH2
- Uniprot ID
- Q12809
- Uniprot Name
- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 126653.52 Da
References
- Duan JJ, Ma JH, Zhang PH, Wang XP, Zou AR, Tu DN: Verapamil blocks HERG channel by the helix residue Y652 and F656 in the S6 transmembrane domain. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2007 Jul;28(7):959-67. [PubMed:17588331]
- Cheng HC, Incardona J, McCullough B: Isolated perfused and paced guinea pig heart to test for drug-induced changes of the QT interval. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 2006 Nov-Dec;54(3):278-87. Epub 2006 Feb 28. [PubMed:16507347]
- Schneider J, Hauser R, Andreas JO, Linz K, Jahnel U: Differential effects of human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) blocking agents on QT duration variability in conscious dogs. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005 Apr 4;512(1):53-60. [PubMed:15814090]
- Ridley JM, Dooley PC, Milnes JT, Witchel HJ, Hancox JC: Lidoflazine is a high affinity blocker of the HERG K(+)channel. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2004 May;36(5):701-5. [PubMed:15135665]
- Shimizu W, Aiba T, Antzelevitch C: Specific therapy based on the genotype and cellular mechanism in inherited cardiac arrhythmias. Long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome. Curr Pharm Des. 2005;11(12):1561-72. [PubMed:15892662]
- Tfelt-Hansen P, Tfelt-Hansen J: Verapamil for cluster headache. Clinical pharmacology and possible mode of action. Headache. 2009 Jan;49(1):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01298.x. [PubMed:19125880]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Other
- General Function
- Voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in sa node cell action potential
- Specific Function
- This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the pr...
- Gene Name
- SCN5A
- Uniprot ID
- Q14524
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 226937.475 Da
References
- Milberg P, Reinsch N, Osada N, Wasmer K, Monnig G, Stypmann J, Breithardt G, Haverkamp W, Eckardt L: Verapamil prevents torsade de pointes by reduction of transmural dispersion of repolarization and suppression of early afterdepolarizations in an intact heart model of LQT3. Basic Res Cardiol. 2005 Jul;100(4):365-71. Epub 2005 Jun 10. [PubMed:15944809]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-gated potassium channel activity
- Specific Function
- This receptor is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage ...
- Gene Name
- KCNJ11
- Uniprot ID
- Q14654
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11
- Molecular Weight
- 43540.375 Da
References
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]
- Yamada S, Kane GC, Behfar A, Liu XK, Dyer RB, Faustino RS, Miki T, Seino S, Terzic A: Protection conferred by myocardial ATP-sensitive K+ channels in pressure overload-induced congestive heart failure revealed in KCNJ11 Kir6.2-null mutant. J Physiol. 2006 Dec 15;577(Pt 3):1053-65. Epub 2006 Oct 12. [PubMed:17038430]
- Shigeto M, Katsura M, Matsuda M, Ohkuma S, Kaku K: Nateglinide and mitiglinide, but not sulfonylureas, induce insulin secretion through a mechanism mediated by calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Jul;322(1):1-7. Epub 2007 Apr 4. [PubMed:17409272]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Other/unknown
- General Function
- Serotonin:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into t...
- Gene Name
- SLC6A4
- Uniprot ID
- P31645
- Uniprot Name
- Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
- Molecular Weight
- 70324.165 Da
References
- Tatsumi M, Groshan K, Blakely RD, Richelson E: Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997 Dec 11;340(2-3):249-58. [PubMed:9537821]
- Brown NL, Sirugue O, Worcel M: The effects of some slow channel blocking drugs on high affinity serotonin uptake by rat brain synaptosomes. Eur J Pharmacol. 1986 Apr 9;123(1):161-5. [PubMed:2940099]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Protein heterodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...
- Gene Name
- ADRA1A
- Uniprot ID
- P35348
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 51486.005 Da
References
- Shibata K, Hirasawa A, Foglar R, Ogawa S, Tsujimoto G: Effects of quinidine and verapamil on human cardiovascular alpha1-adrenoceptors. Circulation. 1998 Apr 7;97(13):1227-30. [PubMed:9570190]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Protein heterodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...
- Gene Name
- ADRA1B
- Uniprot ID
- P35368
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 56835.375 Da
References
- Shibata K, Hirasawa A, Foglar R, Ogawa S, Tsujimoto G: Effects of quinidine and verapamil on human cardiovascular alpha1-adrenoceptors. Circulation. 1998 Apr 7;97(13):1227-30. [PubMed:9570190]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
- Specific Function
- This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its effect through the influx of extracellular calcium.
- Gene Name
- ADRA1D
- Uniprot ID
- P25100
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 60462.205 Da
References
- Shibata K, Hirasawa A, Foglar R, Ogawa S, Tsujimoto G: Effects of quinidine and verapamil on human cardiovascular alpha1-adrenoceptors. Circulation. 1998 Apr 7;97(13):1227-30. [PubMed:9570190]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014]
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
- Ekins S, Bravi G, Wikel JH, Wrighton SA: Three-dimensional-quantitative structure activity relationship analysis of cytochrome P-450 3A4 substrates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Oct;291(1):424-33. [PubMed:10490933]
- Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A5
- Uniprot ID
- P20815
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A5
- Molecular Weight
- 57108.065 Da
References
- Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014]
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
- Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A7
- Uniprot ID
- P24462
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A7
- Molecular Weight
- 57525.03 Da
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
- Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
- Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- Molecular Weight
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014]
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014]
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID
- P33261
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- Molecular Weight
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C18
- Uniprot ID
- P33260
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C18
- Molecular Weight
- 55710.075 Da
References
- Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInducer
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID
- P20813
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2B6
- Molecular Weight
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
- Gene Name
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID
- P10635
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2D6
- Molecular Weight
- 55768.94 Da
References
- Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitorInducer
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Perloff MD, von Moltke LL, Fahey JM, Daily JP, Greenblatt DJ: Induction of P-glycoprotein expression by HIV protease inhibitors in cell culture. AIDS. 2000 Jun 16;14(9):1287-9. [PubMed:10894301]
- Romiti N, Tramonti G, Chieli E: Influence of different chemicals on MDR-1 P-glycoprotein expression and activity in the HK-2 proximal tubular cell line. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 Sep 1;183(2):83-91. [PubMed:12387747]
- Choo EF, Leake B, Wandel C, Imamura H, Wood AJ, Wilkinson GR, Kim RB: Pharmacological inhibition of P-glycoprotein transport enhances the distribution of HIV-1 protease inhibitors into brain and testes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Jun;28(6):655-60. [PubMed:10820137]
- Kawahara I, Kato Y, Suzuki H, Achira M, Ito K, Crespi CL, Sugiyama Y: Selective inhibition of human cytochrome P450 3A4 by N-[2(R)-hydroxy-1(S)-indanyl]-5-[2(S)-(1, 1-dimethylethylaminocarbonyl)-4-[(furo[2, 3-b]pyridin-5-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-4(S)-hydroxy-2(R)-phenylmethy lpentanamide and P-glycoprotein by valspodar in gene transfectant systems. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Oct;28(10):1238-43. [PubMed:10997946]
- Fujita R, Ishikawa M, Takayanagi M, Takayanagi Y, Sasaki K: Enhancement of doxorubicin activity in multidrug-resistant cells by mefloquine. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Jun;22(5):281-4. [PubMed:11031728]
- Gao J, Murase O, Schowen RL, Aube J, Borchardt RT: A functional assay for quantitation of the apparent affinities of ligands of P-glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells. Pharm Res. 2001 Feb;18(2):171-6. [PubMed:11405287]
- Wang EJ, Casciano CN, Clement RP, Johnson WW: Active transport of fluorescent P-glycoprotein substrates: evaluation as markers and interaction with inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Nov 30;289(2):580-5. [PubMed:11716514]
- Leonessa F, Kim JH, Ghiorghis A, Kulawiec RJ, Hammer C, Talebian A, Clarke R: C-7 analogues of progesterone as potent inhibitors of the P-glycoprotein efflux pump. J Med Chem. 2002 Jan 17;45(2):390-8. [PubMed:11784143]
- Tang F, Horie K, Borchardt RT: Are MDCK cells transfected with the human MDR1 gene a good model of the human intestinal mucosa? Pharm Res. 2002 Jun;19(6):765-72. [PubMed:12134945]
- Zhang S, Morris ME: Effects of the flavonoids biochanin A, morin, phloretin, and silymarin on P-glycoprotein-mediated transport. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Mar;304(3):1258-67. [PubMed:12604704]
- Horie K, Tang F, Borchardt RT: Isolation and characterization of Caco-2 subclones expressing high levels of multidrug resistance protein efflux transporter. Pharm Res. 2003 Feb;20(2):161-8. [PubMed:12636153]
- Schwab D, Fischer H, Tabatabaei A, Poli S, Huwyler J: Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery. J Med Chem. 2003 Apr 24;46(9):1716-25. [PubMed:12699389]
- van der Sandt IC, Blom-Roosemalen MC, de Boer AG, Breimer DD: Specificity of doxorubicin versus rhodamine-123 in assessing P-glycoprotein functionality in the LLC-PK1, LLC-PK1:MDR1 and Caco-2 cell lines. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2000 Sep;11(3):207-14. [PubMed:11042226]
- Ibrahim S, Peggins J, Knapton A, Licht T, Aszalos A: Influence of antipsychotic, antiemetic, and Ca(2+) channel blocker drugs on the cellular accumulation of the anticancer drug daunorubicin: P-glycoprotein modulation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Dec;295(3):1276-83. [PubMed:11082465]
- Wang EJ, Casciano CN, Clement RP, Johnson WW: Evaluation of the interaction of loratadine and desloratadine with P-glycoprotein. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Aug;29(8):1080-3. [PubMed:11454724]
- Weiss J, Dormann SM, Martin-Facklam M, Kerpen CJ, Ketabi-Kiyanvash N, Haefeli WE: Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by newer antidepressants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Apr;305(1):197-204. [PubMed:12649369]
- Wils P, Phung-Ba V, Warnery A, Lechardeur D, Raeissi S, Hidalgo IJ, Scherman D: Polarized transport of docetaxel and vinblastine mediated by P-glycoprotein in human intestinal epithelial cell monolayers. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Oct 7;48(7):1528-30. [PubMed:7945455]
- Hait WN, Gesmonde JF, Murren JR, Yang JM, Chen HX, Reiss M: Terfenadine (Seldane): a new drug for restoring sensitivity to multidrug resistant cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Jan 26;45(2):401-6. [PubMed:8094615]
- Pouliot JF, L'Heureux F, Liu Z, Prichard RK, Georges E: Reversal of P-glycoprotein-associated multidrug resistance by ivermectin. Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Jan 10;53(1):17-25. [PubMed:8960059]
- Kuhnel JM, Perrot JY, Faussat AM, Marie JP, Schwaller MA: Functional assay of multidrug resistant cells using JC-1, a carbocyanine fluorescent probe. Leukemia. 1997 Jul;11(7):1147-55. [PubMed:9205004]
- Kim AE, Dintaman JM, Waddell DS, Silverman JA: Saquinavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, is transported by P-glycoprotein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Sep;286(3):1439-45. [PubMed:9732409]
- Bebawy M, Morris MB, Roufogalis BD: A continuous fluorescence assay for the study of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux using inside-out membrane vesicles. Anal Biochem. 1999 Mar 15;268(2):270-7. [PubMed:10075817]
- Golstein PE, Boom A, van Geffel J, Jacobs P, Masereel B, Beauwens R: P-glycoprotein inhibition by glibenclamide and related compounds. Pflugers Arch. 1999 Apr;437(5):652-60. [PubMed:10087141]
- Jonsson O, Behnam-Motlagh P, Persson M, Henriksson R, Grankvist K: Increase in doxorubicin cytotoxicity by carvedilol inhibition of P-glycoprotein activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Dec 1;58(11):1801-6. [PubMed:10571255]
- Eagling VA, Profit L, Back DJ: Inhibition of the CYP3A4-mediated metabolism and P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of the HIV-1 protease inhibitor saquinavir by grapefruit juice components. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;48(4):543-52. [PubMed:10583025]
- Choi CH, Kim JH, Kim SH: Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated MDR by 5,7,3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone and SAR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jul 30;320(3):672-9. [PubMed:15240100]
- Honda Y, Ushigome F, Koyabu N, Morimoto S, Shoyama Y, Uchiumi T, Kuwano M, Ohtani H, Sawada Y: Effects of grapefruit juice and orange juice components on P-glycoprotein- and MRP2-mediated drug efflux. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Dec;143(7):856-64. Epub 2004 Oct 25. [PubMed:15504753]
- Hu K, Morris ME: Effects of benzyl-, phenethyl-, and alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanates on P-glycoprotein- and MRP1-mediated transport. J Pharm Sci. 2004 Jul;93(7):1901-11. [PubMed:15176077]
- Lee BH, Lee CO, Kwon MJ, Yi KY, Yoo SE, Choi SU: Differential effects of the optical isomers of KR30031 on cardiotoxicity and on multidrug resistance reversal activity. Anticancer Drugs. 2003 Feb;14(2):175-81. [PubMed:12569305]
- Nagy H, Goda K, Fenyvesi F, Bacso Z, Szilasi M, Kappelmayer J, Lustyik G, Cianfriglia M, Szabo G Jr: Distinct groups of multidrug resistance modulating agents are distinguished by competition of P-glycoprotein-specific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 19;315(4):942-9. [PubMed:14985103]
- Petri N, Tannergren C, Rungstad D, Lennernas H: Transport characteristics of fexofenadine in the Caco-2 cell model. Pharm Res. 2004 Aug;21(8):1398-404. [PubMed:15359574]
- Baltes S, Gastens AM, Fedrowitz M, Potschka H, Kaever V, Loscher W: Differences in the transport of the antiepileptic drugs phenytoin, levetiracetam and carbamazepine by human and mouse P-glycoprotein. Neuropharmacology. 2007 Feb;52(2):333-46. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [PubMed:17045309]
- Santoni-Rugiu E, Silverman JA: Functional characterization of the rat mdr1b encoded P-glycoprotein: not all inducing agents are substrates. Carcinogenesis. 1997 Nov;18(11):2255-63. [PubMed:9395229]
- Sieczkowski E, Lehner C, Ambros PF, Hohenegger M: Double impact on p-glycoprotein by statins enhances doxorubicin cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cells. Int J Cancer. 2010 May 1;126(9):2025-35. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24885. [PubMed:19739078]
- Chiu LY, Ko JL, Lee YJ, Yang TY, Tee YT, Sheu GT: L-type calcium channel blockers reverse docetaxel and vincristine-induced multidrug resistance independent of ABCB1 expression in human lung cancer cell lines. Toxicol Lett. 2010 Feb 15;192(3):408-18. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.11.018. Epub 2009 Nov 26. [PubMed:19944135]
- Karlsson JE, Heddle C, Rozkov A, Rotticci-Mulder J, Tuvesson O, Hilgendorf C, Andersson TB: High-activity p-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein 2, and breast cancer resistance protein membrane vesicles prepared from transiently transfected human embryonic kidney 293-epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen cells. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Apr;38(4):705-14. doi: 10.1124/dmd.109.028886. Epub 2010 Jan 13. [PubMed:20071452]
- Jutabha P, Wempe MF, Anzai N, Otomo J, Kadota T, Endou H: Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human P-glycoprotein: probing trans- and cis-inhibitory effects on [3H]vinblastine and [3H]digoxin efflux. Pharmacol Res. 2010 Jan;61(1):76-84. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.07.002. Epub 2009 Jul 21. [PubMed:19631272]
- Kugawa F, Suzuki T, Miyata M, Tomono K, Tamanoi F: Construction of a model cell line for the assay of MDR1 (multi drug resistance gene-1) substrates/inhibitors using HeLa cells. Pharmazie. 2009 May;64(5):296-300. [PubMed:19530439]
- Dahan A, Amidon GL: Small intestinal efflux mediated by MRP2 and BCRP shifts sulfasalazine intestinal permeability from high to low, enabling its colonic targeting. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):G371-7. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00102.2009. Epub 2009 Jun 18. [PubMed:19541926]
- Noguchi K, Kawahara H, Kaji A, Katayama K, Mitsuhashi J, Sugimoto Y: Substrate-dependent bidirectional modulation of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance by erlotinib. Cancer Sci. 2009 Sep;100(9):1701-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01213.x. Epub 2009 May 12. [PubMed:19493273]
- Dahan A, Sabit H, Amidon GL: The H2 receptor antagonist nizatidine is a P-glycoprotein substrate: characterization of its intestinal epithelial cell efflux transport. AAPS J. 2009 Jun;11(2):205-13. doi: 10.1208/s12248-009-9092-5. Epub 2009 Mar 25. [PubMed:19319690]
- Pauli-Magnus C, von Richter O, Burk O, Ziegler A, Mettang T, Eichelbaum M, Fromm MF: Characterization of the major metabolites of verapamil as substrates and inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 May;293(2):376-82. [PubMed:10773005]
- Polli JW, Wring SA, Humphreys JE, Huang L, Morgan JB, Webster LO, Serabjit-Singh CS: Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):620-8. [PubMed:11602674]
- Adachi Y, Suzuki H, Sugiyama Y: Comparative studies on in vitro methods for evaluating in vivo function of MDR1 P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 2001 Dec;18(12):1660-8. [PubMed:11785684]
- Troutman MD, Thakker DR: Novel experimental parameters to quantify the modulation of absorptive and secretory transport of compounds by P-glycoprotein in cell culture models of intestinal epithelium. Pharm Res. 2003 Aug;20(8):1210-24. [PubMed:12948019]
- Faassen F, Vogel G, Spanings H, Vromans H: Caco-2 permeability, P-glycoprotein transport ratios and brain penetration of heterocyclic drugs. Int J Pharm. 2003 Sep 16;263(1-2):113-22. [PubMed:12954186]
- Dagenais C, Graff CL, Pollack GM: Variable modulation of opioid brain uptake by P-glycoprotein in mice. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Jan 15;67(2):269-76. [PubMed:14698039]
- Borgnia MJ, Eytan GD, Assaraf YG: Competition of hydrophobic peptides, cytotoxic drugs, and chemosensitizers on a common P-glycoprotein pharmacophore as revealed by its ATPase activity. J Biol Chem. 1996 Feb 9;271(6):3163-71. [PubMed:8621716]
- Collett A, Tanianis-Hughes J, Hallifax D, Warhurst G: Predicting P-glycoprotein effects on oral absorption: correlation of transport in Caco-2 with drug pharmacokinetics in wild-type and mdr1a(-/-) mice in vivo. Pharm Res. 2004 May;21(5):819-26. [PubMed:15180340]
- Tfelt-Hansen P, Tfelt-Hansen J: Verapamil for cluster headache. Clinical pharmacology and possible mode of action. Headache. 2009 Jan;49(1):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01298.x. [PubMed:19125880]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnico...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A1
- Uniprot ID
- O15245
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 61153.345 Da
References
- Zhang L, Dresser MJ, Gray AT, Yost SC, Terashita S, Giacomini KM: Cloning and functional expression of a human liver organic cation transporter. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Jun;51(6):913-21. [PubMed:9187257]
- Zhang L, Schaner ME, Giacomini KM: Functional characterization of an organic cation transporter (hOCT1) in a transiently transfected human cell line (HeLa). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Jul;286(1):354-61. [PubMed:9655880]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- May act as an inducible transporter in the biliary and intestinal excretion of organic anions. Acts as an alternative route for the export of bile acids and glucuronides from cholestatic hepatocyte...
- Gene Name
- ABCC3
- Uniprot ID
- O15438
- Uniprot Name
- Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2
- Molecular Weight
- 169341.14 Da
References
- Zeng H, Chen ZS, Belinsky MG, Rea PA, Kruh GD: Transport of methotrexate (MTX) and folates by multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 3 and MRP1: effect of polyglutamylation on MTX transport. Cancer Res. 2001 Oct 1;61(19):7225-32. [PubMed:11585759]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Atpase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances
- Specific Function
- May be an organic anion pump relevant to cellular detoxification.
- Gene Name
- ABCC4
- Uniprot ID
- O15439
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4
- Molecular Weight
- 149525.33 Da
References
- Chen ZS, Lee K, Walther S, Raftogianis RB, Kuwano M, Zeng H, Kruh GD: Analysis of methotrexate and folate transport by multidrug resistance protein 4 (ABCC4): MRP4 is a component of the methotrexate efflux system. Cancer Res. 2002 Jun 1;62(11):3144-50. [PubMed:12036927]
- Bai J, Lai L, Yeo HC, Goh BC, Tan TM: Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) mediates efflux of bimane-glutathione. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Feb;36(2):247-57. [PubMed:14643890]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cat...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A5
- Uniprot ID
- O76082
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 5
- Molecular Weight
- 62751.08 Da
References
- Ohashi R, Tamai I, Yabuuchi H, Nezu JI, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):778-84. [PubMed:10525100]
- Ohashi R, Tamai I, Nezu Ji J, Nikaido H, Hashimoto N, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular and physiological evidence for multifunctionality of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN2. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Feb;59(2):358-66. [PubMed:11160873]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes.
- Gene Name
- ABCB11
- Uniprot ID
- O95342
- Uniprot Name
- Bile salt export pump
- Molecular Weight
- 146405.83 Da
References
- Wang EJ, Casciano CN, Clement RP, Johnson WW: Fluorescent substrates of sister-P-glycoprotein (BSEP) evaluated as markers of active transport and inhibition: evidence for contingent unequal binding sites. Pharm Res. 2003 Apr;20(4):537-44. [PubMed:12739759]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates export of organic anions and drugs from the cytoplasm. Mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates, leukotriene C4, estradiol-17-beta-o-glucuronide, methotre...
- Gene Name
- ABCC1
- Uniprot ID
- P33527
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 171589.5 Da
References
- Lespine A, Dupuy J, Orlowski S, Nagy T, Glavinas H, Krajcsi P, Alvinerie M: Interaction of ivermectin with multidrug resistance proteins (MRP1, 2 and 3). Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Feb 25;159(3):169-79. Epub 2005 Dec 27. [PubMed:16384552]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids (By similarity). Selectively inhibit...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P46721
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 74144.105 Da
References
- Cvetkovic M, Leake B, Fromm MF, Wilkinson GR, Kim RB: OATP and P-glycoprotein transporters mediate the cellular uptake and excretion of fexofenadine. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Aug;27(8):866-71. [PubMed:10421612]
- Shitara Y, Sugiyama D, Kusuhara H, Kato Y, Abe T, Meier PJ, Itoh T, Sugiyama Y: Comparative inhibitory effects of different compounds on rat oatpl (slc21a1)- and Oatp2 (Slc21a5)-mediated transport. Pharm Res. 2002 Feb;19(2):147-53. [PubMed:11883641]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Atpase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances
- Specific Function
- ATP-dependent transporter probably involved in cellular detoxification through lipophilic anion extrusion.
- Gene Name
- ABCC10
- Uniprot ID
- Q5T3U5
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7
- Molecular Weight
- 161627.375 Da
References
- Chen ZS, Hopper-Borge E, Belinsky MG, Shchaveleva I, Kotova E, Kruh GD: Characterization of the transport properties of human multidrug resistance protein 7 (MRP7, ABCC10). Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Feb;63(2):351-8. [PubMed:12527806]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter.
- Gene Name
- ABCC2
- Uniprot ID
- Q92887
- Uniprot Name
- Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1
- Molecular Weight
- 174205.64 Da
References
- Tang F, Horie K, Borchardt RT: Are MDCK cells transfected with the human MRP2 gene a good model of the human intestinal mucosa? Pharm Res. 2002 Jun;19(6):773-9. [PubMed:12134946]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Symporter activity
- Specific Function
- Sodium-ion dependent, low affinity carnitine transporter. Probably transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A4
- Uniprot ID
- Q9H015
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 4
- Molecular Weight
- 62154.48 Da
References
- Yabuuchi H, Tamai I, Nezu J, Sakamoto K, Oku A, Shimane M, Sai Y, Tsuji A: Novel membrane transporter OCTN1 mediates multispecific, bidirectional, and pH-dependent transport of organic cations. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 May;289(2):768-73. [PubMed:10215651]
- Wu X, George RL, Huang W, Wang H, Conway SJ, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V: Structural and functional characteristics and tissue distribution pattern of rat OCTN1, an organic cation transporter, cloned from placenta. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Jun 1;1466(1-2):315-27. [PubMed:10825452]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function
- High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
- Gene Name
- ABCG2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UNQ0
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 72313.47 Da
References
- Ozvegy-Laczka C, Hegedus T, Varady G, Ujhelly O, Schuetz JD, Varadi A, Keri G, Orfi L, Nemet K, Sarkadi B: High-affinity interaction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors with the ABCG2 multidrug transporter. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Jun;65(6):1485-95. [PubMed:15155841]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Human
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostagland...
- Gene Name
- SLCO1B1
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y6L6
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
- Molecular Weight
- 76447.99 Da
References
- Oostendorp RL, van de Steeg E, van der Kruijssen CM, Beijnen JH, Kenworthy KE, Schinkel AH, Schellens JH: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 mediates transport of Gimatecan and BNP1350 and can be inhibited by several classic ATP-binding cassette (ABC) B1 and/or ABCG2 inhibitors. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Apr;37(4):917-23. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.024901. Epub 2009 Jan 12. [PubMed:19139163]
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on October 21, 2017 19:24