Ergocalciferol
Identification
- Name
- Ergocalciferol
- Accession Number
- DB00153 (NUTR00005, APRD00426)
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Nutraceutical
- Description
Ergocalciferol is an inactivated vitamin D analog.[1] It is a form of vitamin synthesized by some plants in the presence of UVB light.[4] The production of ergocalciferol was impulsed by the identification of dietary deficiency, more specifically vitamin D, as the main causative agent for rickets. Impulsed by this research, ergocalciferol was isolated for the first time from yeast in 1931 and its structure was elucidated in 1932.[5]
The first approved product containing ergocalciferol under the FDA records was developed by US Pharm Holdings and FDA approved in 1941.[6]
- Structure
Structure for Ergocalciferol (DB00153)
- Synonyms
- (3β,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol
- (5Z,7E,22E)-(3S)-9,10-seco-5,7,10(19),22-ergostatetraen-3-ol
- (5Z,7E,22E)-(3S)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol
- Activated ergosterol
- Ercalciol
- Ergocalciférol
- Ergocalciferol
- Ergocalciferolum
- Oleovitamin D2
- Viosterol
- Vitamin D2
- Vitamina D2
- Product Images
- Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Unlock Additional DataD-forte Capsule 50000 unit Oral Euro Pharm International Canada Inc 2017-08-16 Not applicable Canada 
D-forte Capsule 50000 unit Oral Sandoz Canada Incorporated 1999-12-30 Not applicable Canada Drisdol Capsule, liquid filled 1.25 mg/1 Oral Validus Pharmaceuticals 1974-01-11 2018-03-31 US 
Drisdol Capsule, liquid filled 1.25 mg/1 Oral Validus Pharmaceuticals LLC 2018-04-01 Not applicable US Drisdol Capsule, liquid filled 1.25 mg/1 Oral Avera McKennan Hospital 2016-02-05 2018-07-05 US Drisdol Capsule, liquid filled 1.25 mg/1 Oral Sanofi Aventis 1974-11-11 2017-02-28 US Drisdol Capsule 1.25 mg/1 Oral Sanofi Aventis 1974-11-11 2014-04-30 US Osto-D2 Capsule 50000 unit Oral Paladin Labs Inc 2008-02-08 Not applicable Canada Radiostol Cap 50000iu Capsule 50000 unit Oral Allen & Hanburys A Glaxo Canada Ltd. Co. 1989-12-15 1996-09-10 Canada Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication Number
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct Code
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
Learn more
- Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Unlock Additional DataErgocalciferol Capsule, liquid filled 1.25 mg/1 Oral bryant ranch prepack 2016-06-15 Not applicable US Ergocalciferol Capsule 1.25 mg/1 Oral Teva 2002-06-01 2017-04-30 US 
Ergocalciferol Capsule 1.25 mg/1 Oral Winthrop U.S. 2009-11-10 2009-08-27 US Ergocalciferol Capsule 1.25 mg/1 Oral Golden State Medical Supply, Inc. 2011-11-15 Not applicable US Ergocalciferol Capsule 1.25 mg/1 Oral Aphena Pharma Solutions - Tennessee, LLC 2009-05-20 Not applicable US Ergocalciferol Capsule 1.25 mg/1 Oral American Health Packaging 2011-01-28 2019-10-31 US Ergocalciferol Capsule, liquid filled 1.25 mg/1 Oral Rising Pharamceuticals, Inc 2010-07-23 Not applicable US Ergocalciferol Capsule 1.25 mg/1 Oral Alembic Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2018-04-30 Not applicable US Ergocalciferol Capsule, liquid filled 1.25 mg/1 Oral St. Mary's Medical Park Pharmacy 2016-06-15 Not applicable US Ergocalciferol Capsule 1.25 mg/1 Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 2007-07-12 Not applicable US Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication Number
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct Code
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
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- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Unlock Additional DataVitamin D 400 I.U. Tablets Tablet 400 unit Oral General Nutrition Canada Inc. 1997-04-18 2001-09-12 Canada Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication Number
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct Code
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
Learn more
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Aquasol A & D Drops Ergocalciferol (8000 unit) + Vitamin A (40000 unit) Solution / drops Oral Rhone Poulenc Rorer 1993-12-31 1996-09-09 Canada Cal/mag 2:1 With D Ergocalciferol (100 unit) + Calcium (350 mg) + Magnesium (175 mg) Tablet Oral Wn Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 1998-06-26 2000-02-02 Canada Calcium and Magnesium Citrate With Vitamin D Ergocalciferol (100 unit) + Calcium (275 mg) + Magnesium (137.5 mg) Tablet Oral Sisu Inc. 1997-10-28 2005-07-13 Canada Calcium Chelate Plus Vit D Ergocalciferol (400 unit) + Calcium (50 mg) Tablet Oral Hall Laboratories, Ltd. 1981-12-31 2003-09-11 Canada Calcium Citrate W Vitamin D Tab Ergocalciferol (100 unit) + Calcium Citrate (250 mg) Tablet Oral Nutri Dyn Products Ltd. 1994-12-31 1996-09-09 Canada Calcium Magnesium 2:1 Tablets With Vitamin D Ergocalciferol (200 unit) + Calcium (300 mg) + Magnesium (150 mg) Tablet Oral Sisu Inc. 2004-01-30 2009-08-04 Canada Calcium Magnesium Avec Vitamine D Et Zinc Ergocalciferol (135 unit) + Calcium (335 mg) + Magnesium oxide (167 mg) + Zinc gluconate (10 mg) Tablet Oral Les Aliments Nutri Source Inc. 1991-12-31 1996-09-09 Canada Calcium Magnesium Plus Vitamin D Liquid Ergocalciferol (2 unit) + Calcium gluconate (6 mg) + Inositol (.6 mg) + Magnesium citrate (3 mg) Liquid Oral Jamp Pharma Corporation 2002-04-22 2003-02-05 Canada Calcium Mg and Zn Capsules With Vitamin D Ergocalciferol (100 unit) + Calcium (333.33 mg) + Magnesium (166.67 mg) + Zinc (6 mg) Capsule Oral Rheingold Food International Ltd. 1995-12-31 2007-07-26 Canada Calcium With Vitamin D2 Ergocalciferol (200 unit) + Calcium (250 mg) Capsule Oral Sisu Inc. 2002-12-18 2008-07-25 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Se-Natal Ergocalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Calcium Carbonate (250 mg/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (30 [iU]/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Ferrous fumarate (90 mg/1) + Folic Acid (1 mg/1) + Niacin (20 mg/1) + Niacinamide ascorbate (120 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (150 ug/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (3 mg/1) + Vitamin A acetate (4000 [iU]/1) + Zinc oxide (25 ug/1) Tablet Oral Seton Pharmaceuticals 2009-04-16 2011-07-31 US - International/Other Brands
- Deltalin (Lilly)
- Categories
- Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
- Bone Density Conservation Agents
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates (strength unknown)
- Diet, Food, and Nutrition
- Food
- Food and Beverages
- Growth Substances
- Lipids
- Micronutrients
- Physiological Phenomena
- Secosteroids
- Vitamin D and Analogues
- Vitamins
- Vitamins (Fat Soluble)
- UNII
- VS041H42XC
- CAS number
- 50-14-6
- Weight
- Average: 396.6484
Monoisotopic: 396.33921603 - Chemical Formula
- C28H44O
- InChI Key
- MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-RKHKHRCZSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C28H44O/c1-19(2)20(3)9-10-22(5)26-15-16-27-23(8-7-17-28(26,27)6)12-13-24-18-25(29)14-11-21(24)4/h9-10,12-13,19-20,22,25-27,29H,4,7-8,11,14-18H2,1-3,5-6H3/b10-9+,23-12+,24-13-/t20-,22+,25-,26+,27-,28+/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (1S,3Z)-3-{2-[(1R,3aS,4E,7aR)-1-[(2R,3E,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-octahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene}-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol
- SMILES
- CC(C)[C@@H](C)\C=C\[C@@H](C)[C@@]1([H])CC[C@@]2([H])\C(CCC[C@]12C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C
Pharmacology
- Indication
For use in the management of hypocalcemia and its clinical manifestations in patients with hypoparathyroidism, as well as for the treatment of familial hypophosphatemia (vitamin D resistant rickets). This drug has also been used in the treatment of nutritional rickets or osteomalacia, vitamin D dependent rickets, rickets or osteomalacia secondary to long-term high dose anticonvulsant therapy, early renal osteodystrophy, osteoporosis (in conjunction with calcium), and hypophosphatemia associated with Fanconi syndrome (with treatment of acidosis).
- Associated Conditions
- Associated Therapies
- Pharmacodynamics
After the activation of the vitamin D receptor, some of the biological changes produced by ergocalciferol include mobilization and accretion of calcium and phosphorus in the bone, absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestine, and reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus in the kidney.[5]
Some other effects known to be produced due to the presence of vitamin D are osteoblast formation, fetus development, induction of pancreatic function, induction of neural function, improvement of immune function, cellular growth and cellular differentiation.[5]
When compared to its vitamin D counterpart cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol has been shown to present a reduced induction of calcidiol and hence, it is less potent.[2]
Ergocalciferol supplementation in patients with end-stage renal disease has been shown to generate a significant benefit in lab parameters of bone and mineral metabolism as well as improvement in glycemic control, serum albumin levels and reduced levels of inflammatory markers.[1]
- Mechanism of action
For its activity, ergocalciferol is required to be transformed to its major active circulating hydroxylated metabolite and transported to the target organs in order to bind to its target, the vitamin D receptor.[5]
The activation of the vitamin D receptor is part of the vitamin D endocrine system and it is described by the production of a change in the transcription rates of the vitamin D receptor target genes.[5] The target genes in the DNA affected by the presence of ergocalciferol are called vitamin D response elements which are dependent on co-modulators.[3]
Target Actions Organism AVitamin D3 receptor agonistHumans - Absorption
Ergocalciferol is absorbed in the intestine and carried to the liver in chylomicrons. Its intestinal absorption does not present limitations unless the presence of conditions related to fat malabsorption.[4]
- Volume of distribution
The amount of circulating ergocalciferol is very limited as this compound is rapidly stored in fat tissue such as adipose tissue, liver and muscle. This is very obvious in reports that indicate that circulating ergocalciferol is significantly reduced in obese patients.[4]
- Protein binding
>99.8%
- Metabolism
Ergocalciferol is inactive and hence, the first step in the body is ruled by the conversion of this parent compound to 25-hydroxyvitamin D by the action of CYP2R1 followed by the generation of the major circulating metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or calcitrol.[4] The generation of this major metabolite is ruled by the activity of CYP27B1 which is a key 1-hydroxylase and CYP24A1 which is responsible for the 25-hydroxylation.[3]
As part of the minor metabolism, ergocalciferol is transformed into 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the liver by the activity of D-25-hydroxylase and CYP2R1. As well, the formation of 24(R),25dihydroxyvitamin D is performed mainly in the kidneys by the action of 25-(OH)D-1-hydroxylase and 25-(OH)D-24-hydroxylase.[5]
- Route of elimination
The active form of ergocalciferol, calcitrol, cannot be maintained for long periods in storage tissue mainly in periods of dietary or UVB deprivation.[4]
- Half life
Ergocalciferol can be found circulation for 1-2 days. This quick turnover is presented due to hepatic conversion and uptake by fat and muscle cells where it is transformed to the active form.[4]
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Toxicity
LD50 = 23.7 mg/kg (Orally in mice); LD50 = 10 mg/kg (Orally in rats ); Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, weight loss, irritability, weakness, fatigue, lassitude, and headache.
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Comprehensive structured data on known drug adverse effects with statistical prevalence. MedDRA and ICD10 ids are provided for adverse effect conditions and symptoms.
Learn moreStructured data covering drug contraindications. Each contraindication describes a scenario in which the drug is not to be used. Includes restrictions on co-administration, contraindicated populations, and more.
Learn moreStructured data representing warnings from the black box section of drug labels. These warnings cover important and dangerous risks, contraindications, or adverse effects.
Learn moreInteractions
- Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction Unlock Additional Data(R)-warfarin The metabolism of (R)-warfarin can be decreased when combined with Ergocalciferol. (S)-Warfarin The metabolism of (S)-Warfarin can be decreased when combined with Ergocalciferol. 1alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D5 The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ergocalciferol is combined with 1alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D5. 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid The metabolism of 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid can be decreased when combined with Ergocalciferol. 4-hydroxycoumarin The metabolism of 4-hydroxycoumarin can be decreased when combined with Ergocalciferol. 5-androstenedione The metabolism of 5-androstenedione can be decreased when combined with Ergocalciferol. 6-Deoxyerythronolide B The metabolism of Ergocalciferol can be decreased when combined with 6-Deoxyerythronolide B. 6-O-benzylguanine The metabolism of 6-O-benzylguanine can be decreased when combined with Ergocalciferol. 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin The metabolism of Ergocalciferol can be decreased when combined with 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin. 9-aminocamptothecin The metabolism of 9-aminocamptothecin can be decreased when combined with Ergocalciferol. Additional Data Available- Extended DescriptionExtended Description
Extended description of the mechanism of action and particular properties of each drug interaction.
Learn more - Severity
- Evidence Level
- ActionEvidence Level
An effect category for each drug interaction. Know how this interaction affects the subject drug.
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- Food Interactions
- Not Available
References
- Synthesis Reference
- US5789397
- General References
- Porter A, Gilmartin C, Srisakul U, Arruda J, Akkina S: Prevalence of 25-OH vitamin D deficiency in a population of hemodialysis patients and efficacy of an oral ergocalciferol supplementation regimen. Am J Nephrol. 2013;37(6):568-74. doi: 10.1159/000351185. Epub 2013 May 30. [PubMed:23735861]
- Lee JY, So TY, Thackray J: A review on vitamin d deficiency treatment in pediatric patients. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Oct;18(4):277-91. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-18.4.277. [PubMed:24719588]
- Gallagher JC, Bikle DD: Vitamin D: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2017 Dec;46(4):xvii-xviii. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2017.09.001. Epub 2017 Sep 28. [PubMed:29080648]
- Coulston A. and Boushey C. (2008). Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease (2nd ed.). Academic Press. [ISBN:978-012-374118-9]
- Eitenmiller R., Ye L. and Landen W. (2008). Vitamin analysis for the health and food sciences (2nd ed.). Taylor and Francis. [ISBN:978-0-8493-9771-4]
- FDA approvals [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0000900
- KEGG Drug
- D00187
- KEGG Compound
- C05441
- PubChem Compound
- 5280793
- PubChem Substance
- 46505053
- ChemSpider
- 4444351
- ChEBI
- 28934
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1536
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000291
- PharmGKB
- PA449484
- HET
- D2V
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Ergocalciferol
- ATC Codes
- A11CC01 — Ergocalciferol
- AHFS Codes
- 88:16.00 — Vitamin D
- PDB Entries
- 3czh
- MSDS
- Download (167 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Eli lilly and co
- Sanofi aventis us llc
- Orit laboratories llc
- Sigmapharm laboratories llc
- Strides arcolab ltd
- Sun pharmaceutical industries inc
- Banner pharmacaps inc
- Chase chemical co lp
- Everylife
- Impax laboratories inc
- Lannett co inc
- Vitarine pharmaceuticals inc
- West ward pharmaceutical corp
- Packagers
- Banner Pharmacaps Inc.
- Bayer Healthcare
- Breckenridge Pharmaceuticals
- Caraco Pharmaceutical Labs
- Gallipot
- Longs Drug Store
- Major Pharmaceuticals
- Optimum Pharmacueticals Inc.
- PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Pliva Inc.
- Rising Pharmaceuticals
- Sanofi-Aventis Inc.
- Superior Pharmeceuticals
- Walgreen Co.
- Winthrop Us
- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Solution / drops Oral Capsule Oral Tablet Oral Capsule Oral 1.25 mg/1 Capsule, liquid filled Oral 1.25 mg/1 Tablet, effervescent Oral Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous Kit Liquid Intravenous Syrup Oral Capsule Oral 50000 unit Capsule Oral 1.25 1/1 Tablet Oral 400 unit Liquid Oral - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Ergocalciferol powder 234.4USD g Doral 15 mg tablet 3.41USD tablet Doral 7.5 mg tablet 3.37USD tablet Drisdol 50000 unit capsule 2.34USD capsule Drisdol 8288 unit/ml Liquid 0.48USD ml Vitamin d 400 unit softgel 0.04USD softgel capsule Longs vitamin d 400 unit tablet 0.03USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 115-117°C Saxena P. 2007. Chemistry of alkaloids boiling point (°C) Decomposes 'MSDS' water solubility Insoluble 'MSDS' logP 8.89 'MSDS' pKa 6.35 Hart J. and Norman M. 1992. The Analyst. - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.000433 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 7.59 ALOGPS logP 7.05 ChemAxon logS -6 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 18.38 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -1.3 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 1 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 20.23 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 5 ChemAxon Refractivity 128.89 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 50.73 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 3 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five No ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule Yes ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 1.0 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9428 Caco-2 permeable + 0.8323 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.6628 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.7614 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.8391 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.796 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8432 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9003 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.7362 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9046 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8924 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9519 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8784 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8142 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8163 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9401 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9169 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9742 Rat acute toxicity 3.6931 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.8502 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.7513
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (9.78 KB)
- Spectra
Taxonomy
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as vitamin d and derivatives. These are compounds containing a secosteroid backbone, usually secoergostane or secocholestane.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Lipids and lipid-like molecules
- Class
- Steroids and steroid derivatives
- Sub Class
- Vitamin D and derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Vitamin D and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Triterpenoids / Secondary alcohols / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- Triterpenoid / Cyclic alcohol / Secondary alcohol / Organic oxygen compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organooxygen compound / Alcohol / Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- hydroxy seco-steroid, seco-ergostane, vitamin D (CHEBI:28934) / Vitamin D2 and derivatives, Fat-soluble vitamins (C05441) / Vitamin D2 and derivatives (LMST03010000)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Nuclear hormone receptor. Transcription factor that mediates the action of vitamin D3 by controlling the expression of hormone sensitive genes. Recruited to promoters via its interaction with BAZ1B...
- Gene Name
- VDR
- Uniprot ID
- P11473
- Uniprot Name
- Vitamin D3 receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 48288.64 Da
References
- Carvallo L, Henriquez B, Olate J, van Wijnen AJ, Lian JB, Stein GS, Onate S, Stein JL, Montecino M: The 1alpha,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 receptor preferentially recruits the coactivator SRC-1 during up-regulation of the osteocalcin gene. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;103(3-5):420-4. Epub 2007 Jan 10. [PubMed:17218095]
- Liu W, Tretiakova M, Kong J, Turkyilmaz M, Li YC, Krausz T: Expression of vitamin D3 receptor in kidney tumors. Hum Pathol. 2006 Oct;37(10):1268-78. Epub 2006 Jul 27. [PubMed:16949927]
- Ewing AK, Attner M, Chakravarti D: Novel regulatory role for human Acf1 in transcriptional repression of vitamin D3 receptor-regulated genes. Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Aug;21(8):1791-806. Epub 2007 May 22. [PubMed:17519354]
- Gallagher JC, Sai AJ: Vitamin D insufficiency, deficiency, and bone health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jun;95(6):2630-3. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-0918. [PubMed:20525913]
- Straube S, Derry S, Moore RA, McQuay HJ: Vitamin D for the treatment of chronic painful conditions in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD007771. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007771.pub2. [PubMed:20091647]
- Jurutka PW, Bartik L, Whitfield GK, Mathern DR, Barthel TK, Gurevich M, Hsieh JC, Kaczmarska M, Haussler CA, Haussler MR: Vitamin D receptor: key roles in bone mineral pathophysiology, molecular mechanism of action, and novel nutritional ligands. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Dec;22 Suppl 2:V2-10. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.07s216. [PubMed:18290715]
- Mikhak B, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, Platz EA, Hollis BW, Giovannucci E: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and haplotypes, interactions with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and prostate cancer risk. Prostate. 2007 Jun 15;67(9):911-23. [PubMed:17440943]
- Marks HD, Fleet JC, Peleg S: Transgenic expression of the human Vitamin D receptor (hVDR) in the duodenum of VDR-null mice attenuates the age-dependent decline in calcium absorption. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;103(3-5):513-6. Epub 2007 Jan 5. [PubMed:17207992]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity
- Specific Function
- Has a role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent 24-hydroxylation of calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)) and calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)). The enzyme can...
- Gene Name
- CYP24A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q07973
- Uniprot Name
- 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 58874.695 Da
References
- Masuda S, Strugnell SA, Knutson JC, St-Arnaud R, Jones G: Evidence for the activation of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 by 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase: delineation of pathways involving 1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Feb;1761(2):221-34. Epub 2006 Feb 2. [PubMed:16516540]
- Sakaki T, Kagawa N, Yamamoto K, Inouye K: Metabolism of vitamin D3 by cytochromes P450. Front Biosci. 2005 Jan 1;10:119-34. Print 2005 Jan 1. [PubMed:15574355]
- Abe D, Sakaki T, Kusudo T, Kittaka A, Saito N, Suhara Y, Fujishima T, Takayama H, Hamamoto H, Kamakura M, Ohta M, Inouye K: Metabolism of 2 alpha-propoxy-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 2 alpha-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by human CYP27A1 and CYP24A1. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jun;33(6):778-84. Epub 2005 Mar 11. [PubMed:15764712]
- Sakaki T: [Recent studies on vitamin D metabolizing enzymes]. Clin Calcium. 2006 Jul;16(7):1129-35. [PubMed:16816472]
- Inouye K, Sakaki T: Enzymatic studies on the key enzymes of vitamin D metabolism; 1 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and 24-hydroxylase (CYP24). Biotechnol Annu Rev. 2001;7:179-94. [PubMed:11686044]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Iron ion binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) to 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D) plays an important role in normal bone growth, calcium metabolism, and tissue differentiation.
- Gene Name
- CYP27B1
- Uniprot ID
- O15528
- Uniprot Name
- 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 56503.475 Da
References
- Turunen MM, Dunlop TW, Carlberg C, Vaisanen S: Selective use of multiple vitamin D response elements underlies the 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-mediated negative regulation of the human CYP27B1 gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(8):2734-47. Epub 2007 Apr 10. [PubMed:17426122]
- Gallagher JC, Sai AJ: Vitamin D insufficiency, deficiency, and bone health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jun;95(6):2630-3. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-0918. [PubMed:20525913]
- Sakaki T, Kagawa N, Yamamoto K, Inouye K: Metabolism of vitamin D3 by cytochromes P450. Front Biosci. 2005 Jan 1;10:119-34. Print 2005 Jan 1. [PubMed:15574355]
- Sakaki T: [Recent studies on vitamin D metabolizing enzymes]. Clin Calcium. 2006 Jul;16(7):1129-35. [PubMed:16816472]
- Inouye K, Sakaki T: Enzymatic studies on the key enzymes of vitamin D metabolism; 1 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and 24-hydroxylase (CYP24). Biotechnol Annu Rev. 2001;7:179-94. [PubMed:11686044]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the first step in the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates; the 27-hydroxylation of 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol. Has also a vitamin D3-25-hydroxylase a...
- Gene Name
- CYP27A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q02318
- Uniprot Name
- Sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 60234.28 Da
References
- Binkley N, Ramamurthy R, Krueger D: Low vitamin D status: definition, prevalence, consequences, and correction. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2010 Jun;39(2):287-301, table of contents. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2010.02.008. [PubMed:20511052]
- Masuda S, Strugnell SA, Knutson JC, St-Arnaud R, Jones G: Evidence for the activation of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 by 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase: delineation of pathways involving 1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Feb;1761(2):221-34. Epub 2006 Feb 2. [PubMed:16516540]
- Sakaki T, Kagawa N, Yamamoto K, Inouye K: Metabolism of vitamin D3 by cytochromes P450. Front Biosci. 2005 Jan 1;10:119-34. Print 2005 Jan 1. [PubMed:15574355]
- Abe D, Sakaki T, Kusudo T, Kittaka A, Saito N, Suhara Y, Fujishima T, Takayama H, Hamamoto H, Kamakura M, Ohta M, Inouye K: Metabolism of 2 alpha-propoxy-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 2 alpha-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by human CYP27A1 and CYP24A1. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jun;33(6):778-84. Epub 2005 Mar 11. [PubMed:15764712]
- Sakaki T: [Recent studies on vitamin D metabolizing enzymes]. Clin Calcium. 2006 Jul;16(7):1129-35. [PubMed:16816472]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Binkley N, Ramamurthy R, Krueger D: Low vitamin D status: definition, prevalence, consequences, and correction. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2010 Jun;39(2):287-301, table of contents. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2010.02.008. [PubMed:20511052]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Has a D-25-hydroxylase activity on both forms of vitamin D, vitamin D(2) and D(3).
- Gene Name
- CYP2R1
- Uniprot ID
- Q6VVX0
- Uniprot Name
- Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase
- Molecular Weight
- 57358.82 Da
References
- Ramos-Lopez E, Bruck P, Jansen T, Pfeilschifter JM, Radeke HH, Badenhoop K: CYP2R1-, CYP27B1- and CYP24-mRNA expression in German type 1 diabetes patients. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;103(3-5):807-10. Epub 2007 Jan 16. [PubMed:17223345]
- Ramos-Lopez E, Bruck P, Jansen T, Herwig J, Badenhoop K: CYP2R1 (vitamin D 25-hydroxylase) gene is associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and vitamin D levels in Germans. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2007 Nov;23(8):631-6. [PubMed:17607662]
- Masuda S, Strugnell SA, Knutson JC, St-Arnaud R, Jones G: Evidence for the activation of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 by 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase: delineation of pathways involving 1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Feb;1761(2):221-34. Epub 2006 Feb 2. [PubMed:16516540]
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on April 24, 2019 17:05